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1. 发明授权

US5468355A Method for producing radioisotopes 失效
标题翻译：放射性同位素生产方法
公开(公告)号：US5468355A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US72277
申请日：1993-06-04
申请人： Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Barbara J. Hughey , Michael J. Welch , Carmen S. Dence
发明人： Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Barbara J. Hughey , Michael J. Welch , Carmen S. Dence
IPC分类号： G21G1/10 , H05H6/00 , B01D5/00
CPC分类号： G21G1/10 , H05H6/00
摘要： A target is bombarded with high energy particles to generate a radioisotope, and the radioisotope is preferably extracted by one of the following: combusting the target in oxygen, stopping the bombardment and heating the target, or heating the target by induction. Bombardment may take place through a windowless path, and the radioisotope may be used for PET. The particles used may be deuterons or protons, and .sup.13 N may be generated. .sup.11 C may also be generated from either .sup.11 B or .sup.10 B using protons or deuterons. Combustion may be performed by induction heating and may be controlled by the quantity of oxygen available or the temperature. Combustion may be primarily confined to a surface layer and the target may be reused. The beam energy may be 2.2 MeV or less. Another general aspect includes trapping the oxides of .sup.13 N in a trap. The oxides may be converted into .sup.13 N-Ammonia, and this conversion may take place in the trap, which trap may comprise silica gel and sodium hydroxide and may also contain a reducing agent such as Raney-Nickel.
摘要翻译：用高能粒子轰击目标以产生放射性同位素，放射性同位素优选通过以下之一提取：将靶氧气氧化，停止轰击并加热靶，或通过感应加热靶。可以通过无窗路径进行轰炸，并且放射性同位素可用于PET。使用的颗粒可以是氘核或质子，并且可以产生13N。 11C也可以使用质子或氘核从11B或10B产生。燃烧可以通过感应加热进行，并且可以通过可用的氧气量或温度来控制。燃烧可以主要限于表面层，并且靶可以重复使用。光束能量可以是2.2MeV或更小。另一个一般方面包括将13N的氧化物捕获在陷阱中。氧化物可以转化为13N-氨，并且该转化可以在捕集器中进行，该捕集器可以包含硅胶和氢氧化钠，并且还可以含有还原剂如阮内镍。

2. 发明授权

US6011825A Production of .sup.64 Cu and other radionuclides using a charged-particle accelerator 失效
标题翻译：使用带电粒子加速器生产64Cu和其他放射性核素
公开(公告)号：US6011825A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-04
申请号：US694905
申请日：1996-08-09
申请人： Michael J. Welch , Deborah W. McCarthy , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
发明人： Michael J. Welch , Deborah W. McCarthy , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
IPC分类号： G21G1/10
CPC分类号： G21G1/10 , G21G2001/0094
摘要： Radionuclides are produced according to the present invention at commercially significant yields and at specific activities which are suitable for use in radiodiagnostic agents such as PET imaging agents and radiotherapeutic agents and/or compositions. In the method and system of the present invention, a solid target having an isotopically enriched target layer electroplated on an inert substrate is positioned in a specially designed target holder and irradiated with a charged-particle beam. The beam is preferably generated using an accelerator such as a biomedical cyclotron at energies ranging from about 5 MeV to about 25 MeV. The target is preferably directly irradiated, without an intervening attenuating foil, and with the charged particle beam impinging an area which substantially matches the target area. The irradiated target is remotely and automatically transferred from the target holder, preferably without transferring any target holder subassemblies, to a conveyance system which is preferably a pneumatic or hydraulic conveyance system, and then further transferred to an automated separation system. The system is effective for processing a single target or a plurality of targets. After separation, the unreacted target material can be recycled for preparation of other targets. In a preferred application of the invention, a biomedical cyclotron has been used to produce over 500 mCi of .sup.64 Cu having a specific activity of over 300 mCi/.mu.g Cu according to the reaction .sup.64 Ni(p,n).sup.64 Cu. These results indicate that accelerator-produced .sup.64 Cu is suitable for radiopharmaceutical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
摘要翻译：放射性核素根据本发明以商业上显着的产率和适用于放射诊断剂如PET成像剂和放射治疗剂和/或组合物的特定活性制备。在本发明的方法和系统中，将具有在惰性基板上电镀的同位素富集目标层的固体靶放置在专门设计的靶保持器中并用带电粒子束照射。光束优选使用诸如生物医学回旋加速器的加速器在约5MeV至约25MeV的能量下产生。目标优选直接照射，没有中间的衰减箔，并且带电粒子束撞击基本上与目标区域匹配的区域。照射的目标物远程地并且自动地从目标保持器传送，优选地不将任何目标夹持器子组件传送到优选为气动或液压输送系统的输送系统，然后进一步转移到自动分离系统。该系统对于处理单个目标或多个目标是有效的。分离后，未反应的目标材料可以再循环用于制备其他靶。在本发明的优选应用中，根据反应64Ni（p，n）64Cu，已经使用生物医学回旋加速器来生产具有超过300mCi / g Cu的比活性的超过500mCi的64Cu。这些结果表明加速器生产的64Cu适用于放射性药物诊断和治疗应用。

3. 发明授权

US07949099B2 Compact high voltage X-ray source system and method for X-ray inspection applications 有权
标题翻译：紧凑型高压X射线源系统及X射线检测应用方法
公开(公告)号：US07949099B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-24
申请号：US12167722
申请日：2008-07-03
申请人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth E. Shefer
发明人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth E. Shefer
IPC分类号： H01J35/18 , H01J35/00
CPC分类号： H05G1/10 , H01J2235/02 , H01J2235/087 , H01J2235/12 , H05G1/06
摘要： An x-ray system is disclosed that includes a bipolar x-ray tube. The bipolar x-ray tube includes two insulators that are separated by an intermediate electrode in an embodiment, wherein each insulator forms a portion of an outer wall of a vacuum envelope of the bipolar x-ray tube surrounding at least a portion of a path of an electron beam within the vacuum envelope. In further embodiments, the bipolar x-ray tube includes a first electrode at a positive high voltage potential with respect to a reference potential, a second electrode at a negative high voltage potential with respect to the reference potential, and an x-ray transmissive window that is at the positive high voltage potential.
摘要翻译：公开了包括双极X射线管的x射线系统。双极X射线管包括在一个实施例中由中间电极分离的两个绝缘体，其中每个绝缘体形成双极X射线管的真空外壳的外壁的一部分，其围绕至少一部分路径真空外壳内的电子束。在另外的实施例中，双极X射线管包括相对于参考电位处于正高电压电位的第一电极，相对于参考电位处于负高电压电位的第二电极和x射线透射窗即处于正高电压电位。

4. 发明申请

US20090010393A1 COMPACT HIGH VOLTAGE X-RAY SOURCE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR X-RAY INSPECTION APPLICATIONS 有权
标题翻译：紧凑的高电压X射线源系统和X射线检测应用的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090010393A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：US12167722
申请日：2008-07-03
申请人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth E. Shefer
发明人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth E. Shefer
IPC分类号： H01J35/18 , H01J35/00
CPC分类号： H05G1/10 , H01J2235/02 , H01J2235/087 , H01J2235/12 , H05G1/06
摘要： An x-ray system is disclosed that includes a bipolar x-ray tube. The bipolar x-ray tube includes two insulators that are separated by an intermediate electrode in an embodiment, wherein each insulator forms a portion of an outer wall of a vacuum envelope of the bipolar x-ray tube surrounding at least a portion of a path of an electron beam within the vacuum envelope. In further embodiments, the bipolar x-ray tube includes a first electrode at a positive high voltage potential with respect to a reference potential, a second electrode at a negative high voltage potential with respect to the reference potential, and an x-ray transmissive window that is at the positive high voltage potential.
摘要翻译：公开了包括双极X射线管的x射线系统。双极X射线管包括在一个实施例中由中间电极分离的两个绝缘体，其中每个绝缘体形成双极X射线管的真空外壳的外壁的一部分，其围绕至少一部分路径真空外壳内的电子束。在另外的实施例中，双极X射线管包括相对于参考电位处于正高电压电位的第一电极，相对于参考电位处于负高电压电位的第二电极和x射线透射窗即处于正高电压电位。

5. 发明授权

US07448801B2 Integrated X-ray source module 有权
公开(公告)号：US07448801B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-11
申请号：US10370783
申请日：2003-02-20
申请人： Peter E. Oettinger , Francis M. Feda , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
发明人： Peter E. Oettinger , Francis M. Feda , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
IPC分类号： H01J35/16 , H05G1/10
CPC分类号： H05G1/06 , H05G1/10
摘要： Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.

6. 发明授权

US07448802B2 Integrated X-ray source module 有权
标题翻译：集成X射线源模块
公开(公告)号：US07448802B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-11
申请号：US10763051
申请日：2004-01-22
申请人： Peter E. Oettinger , Frank M. Feda , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
发明人： Peter E. Oettinger , Frank M. Feda , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
IPC分类号： H01J35/16 , H05G1/10
CPC分类号： H05G1/06 , H05G1/10
摘要： Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.
摘要翻译：描述的是一个独立的，小型，轻便的，功率高效的辐射屏蔽模块，其中包括一个微型真空X射线管，发射受控强度和限定光谱的X射线。反馈控制电路用于监测和维持射束电流和电压。 X射线管，高压电源和谐振转换器封装在固体高压绝缘材料中。该模块可以配置成复杂的几何形状，并且可以由市售的小型紧凑型低压电池供电。

7. 发明授权

US07177392B2 X-ray detector for feedback stabilization of an X-ray tube 有权
标题翻译：用于X射线管反馈稳定的X射线检测器
公开(公告)号：US07177392B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US10659065
申请日：2003-09-10
申请人： Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Earl S. Marmar
发明人： Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Earl S. Marmar
IPC分类号： H05G1/44
CPC分类号： H05G1/30 , H01J35/18 , H05G1/34
摘要： An x-ray tube emits X-rays in response to a current control signal. An X-ray detector detects the emitted X-rays and provides a detected X-ray signal indicative thereof to a control system, which provides the current control signal. The X-ray detector provides feedback stabilization of the X-ray output from a source of X-rays, such as, for example an X-ray tube. The detector produces an electrical signal proportional to the X-ray output of the X-ray tube, and that signal is used to control the electron beam current in the tube in order to stabilize the X-ray output of the tube at a predetermined value.
摘要翻译： X射线管响应于电流控制信号发射X射线。 X射线检测器检测发射的X射线，并将指示其的检测到的X射线信号提供给提供电流控制信号的控制系统。 X射线检测器提供来自X射线源的X射线输出的反馈稳定性，例如X射线管。检测器产生与X射线管的X射线输出成比例的电信号，该信号用于控制管中的电子束电流，以将管的X射线输出稳定在预定值。

8. 发明授权

US5976066A Neutron capture therapies 失效
标题翻译：中子捕获治疗
公开(公告)号：US5976066A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US919870
申请日：1997-08-28
申请人： Jacquelyn C. Yanch , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
发明人： Jacquelyn C. Yanch , Ruth E. Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein
IPC分类号： A61N5/10 , A61N5/00
CPC分类号： A61N5/10 , A61N2005/109 , Y10S376/904
摘要： In one embodiment there is provided an application of the .sup.10 B(n,.alpha.).sup.7 Li nuclear reaction or other neutron capture reactions for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This application, called Boron Neutron Capture Synovectomy (BNCS), requires substantially altered demands on neutron beam design than for instance treatment of deep seated tumors. Considerations for neutron beam design for the treatment of arthritic joints via BNCS are provided for, and comparisons with the design requirements for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of tumors are made. In addition, exemplary moderator/reflector assemblies are provided which produce intense, high-quality neutron beams based on (p,n) accelerator-based reactions. In another embodiment there is provided the use of deuteron-based charged particle reactions to be used as sources for epithermal or thermal neutron beams for neutron capture therapies. Many d,n reactions (e.g. using deuterium, tritium or beryllium targets) are very prolific at relatively low deuteron energies.
摘要翻译：在一个实施方案中，提供了用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的10B（n，α）7Li核反应或其他中子捕获反应的应用。这种称为硼中子捕获滑膜切除术（BNCS）的应用对于中子束设计要求比对深部肿瘤治疗的要求大大改变。提供了通过BNCS治疗关节炎关节的中子束设计的考虑因素，并与肿瘤的硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）的设计要求进行了比较。另外，提供了基于（p，n）基于加速剂的反应产生强烈，高质量的中子束的示例性的慢化剂/反射器组件。在另一个实施方案中，提供了使用基于氘核的带电粒子反应作为中子俘获疗法的超热或热中子束的来源。许多d，n反应（例如使用氘，氚或铍靶）在相对较低的氘核能量下是非常多产的。

9. 发明授权

US06414327B1 Method and apparatus for ion beam generation 有权
标题翻译：用于离子束产生的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06414327B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09395580
申请日：1999-09-14
申请人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth Shefer , Barbara J. Hughey
发明人： Robert E. Klinkowstein , Ruth Shefer , Barbara J. Hughey
IPC分类号： H01J3730
CPC分类号： G21K1/14 , H01J37/3007 , H01J2237/047 , H01J2237/31701
摘要： A method and apparatus for ion beam generation in which acceleration of an ion beam in a first accelerating tube to a high voltage terminal, followed by transport of the beam through the terminal without significant charge changing, and deceleration of the beam substantially to ground potential in a second accelerating tube. Since the terminal is maintained at high voltage, the beam optical characteristics between the ion source and the terminal are identical to those of normal tandem operation. The optical elements of the injector and accelerator beamline can therefore be adjusted to produce an focused beam envelope in the high voltage terminal, allowing the beam to propagate efficiently through an empty stripper canal. Since the beam, does not undergo a charge change in the terminal, it is decelerated in the second tandem accelerating tube. Since the beam propagates through the accelerator at energies higher than the injection energy, expansion of the beam due to space charge and emittance is reduced.
摘要翻译：一种用于离子束产生的方法和装置，其中将第一加速管中的离子束加速到高压端子，随后通过端子传输光束而没有显着的电荷变化，并且将光束的减速基本上接地电位第二加速管。由于端子保持高电压，离子源和端子之间的光束特性与正常串联操作相同。因此，可以调节注射器和加速器束线的光学元件以在高压端子中产生聚焦束包络，允许光束有效地传播通过空的剥离管。由于光束在端子中不会发生电荷变化，所以在第二串联加速管中减速。由于光束以高于注入能量的能量传播通过加速器，所以减小了由于空间电荷和发射率引起的光束的膨胀。

10. 发明授权

US6148061A Miniature x-ray unit 失效
标题翻译：微型x射线单元
公开(公告)号：US6148061A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US67874
申请日：1998-04-28
申请人： Ruth Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Barbara J. Hughey
发明人： Ruth Shefer , Robert E. Klinkowstein , Barbara J. Hughey
IPC分类号： A61N5/10 , H01J35/32 , H01J35/00
CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 , H01J35/32 , A61N5/1002
摘要： A miniature x-ray unit includes a first electrical node, a second electrical node and an insulating material. The first and second nodes are separated by a vacuum gap. The first node includes a base portion and a projecting portion, wherein the projecting portion and the second node are surrounded by an x-ray transmissive window through which x-rays exit the unit. The insulating material coaxially surrounds the base portion of the first node such that the insulating material is recessed from the vacuum gap, and the insulator does not extend into the vacuum gap. Recessing the insulating material from the vacuum gap decreases the likelihood that the insulator will electrically break down due to the accumulation of electrical charge, and/or the accumulation of other materials on the surface of the insulator. In a preferred embodiment, the first node is an anode and the second node is a cathode. Alternatively, the first node may be the cathode and the second node may be the anode. The cathode is preferably a cold gated field emitter array (FEA) which provides a electron current having a magnitude that is sufficient to satisfy the time constraints on x-ray dose delivery.
摘要翻译：微型x射线单元包括第一电节点，第二电节点和绝缘材料。第一和第二节点由真空间隙隔开。第一节点包括基部和突出部分，其中突出部分和第二节点由x射线透射窗围绕，X射线透过该X射线从该单元离开。绝缘材料同轴地围绕第一节点的基部，使得绝缘材料从真空间隙凹陷，并且绝缘体不延伸到真空间隙中。将真空间隙中的绝缘材料嵌入减少绝缘体由于电荷的累积而电分解的可能性，和/或其他材料在绝缘体表面上的累积。在优选实施例中，第一节点是阳极，第二节点是阴极。或者，第一节点可以是阴极，第二节点可以是阳极。阴极优选是冷门控场发射器阵列（FEA），其提供具有足以满足x射线剂量递送的时间限制的量级的电子电流。

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