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1. 发明授权

US6067412A Automatic bottleneck detection by means of workload reconstruction from performance measurements 失效
标题翻译：通过性能测量的工作负载重建实现自动瓶颈检测
公开(公告)号：US6067412A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US516176
申请日：1995-08-17
申请人： Russell P. Blake , David O. Hovel , Robert I. Davidson , David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese
发明人： Russell P. Blake , David O. Hovel , Robert I. Davidson , David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese
IPC分类号： G06F11/34 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3414 , G06F11/3428 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/87 , G06F2201/885
摘要： A system and method for determining a workload placed on a target computer system during execution of a specified computer program. The system receives a set of performance measurements representing the performance of the target computer system during execution of the specified computer program. The system then identifies a plurality of workloads and for each identified workload, uses a model of the target computer system to predict a set of performance measurements that would results when a computer program that places the identified workload on the target computer system is executed. The system selects the identified workload whose set of predicted performance measurements most closely matches the received set of performance measurements as the determined workload that was place on the target computer system during execution of the specified computer program. The system uses the selected workload to predict the performance of the specified computer program on the target computer system with various different configurations. The system also determines the resource that is a bottleneck for each of the different configurations.
摘要翻译：一种用于在执行指定的计算机程序期间确定放置在目标计算机系统上的工作负载的系统和方法。系统在执行指定的计算机程序期间接收表示目标计算机系统的性能的一组性能测量。然后，系统识别多个工作负载，并且对于每个所识别的工作负载，使用目标计算机系统的模型来预测当将所识别的工作负载置于目标计算机系统上的计算机程序被执行时将导致的一组性能测量。该系统选择所识别的工作负载，其中一组预测的性能测量与所接收的一组性能测量值最接近地匹配，作为在执行指定的计算机程序期间放置在目标计算机系统上的确定的工作负载。系统使用所选择的工作负载来预测具有各种不同配置的目标计算机系统上指定的计算机程序的性能。该系统还确定作为每个不同配置的瓶颈的资源。

2. 发明授权

US06262730B1 Intelligent user assistance facility 有权
标题翻译：智能用户帮助设施
公开(公告)号：US06262730B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09197158
申请日：1998-11-20
申请人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
发明人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
IPC分类号： G06F300
CPC分类号： G06N5/00 , G06F9/453 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： An intelligent user assistance system is disclosed. The system is constructed using a reasoning model to determine the probability of a user's intentions, goals, or informational needs in the context of a software program. This is accomplished through analysis of information about the user's actions, the program state, and spoken words. The system monitors user interaction with the software program and applies probabilistic reasoning to sense that the user may need assistance in using a particular feature or to accomplish a specific task. The inference system accesses a thorough and updateable user profile system to continually check for competencies and changes assistance that is given based on the competencies.
摘要翻译：公开了一种智能用户辅助系统。使用推理模型构建系统，以确定在软件程序的上下文中用户的意图，目标或信息需求的概率。这是通过分析有关用户操作，程序状态和口头单词的信息来实现的。系统监视用户与软件程序的交互，并应用概率推理来感知用户在使用特定功能或完成特定任务时可能需要协助。推理系统访问一个彻底和可更新的用户配置文件系统，以持续检查基于能力给出的能力和更改帮助。

3. 发明授权

US06260035B1 Intelligent user assistance facility for a software program 有权
公开(公告)号：US06260035B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-10
申请号：US09197159
申请日：1998-11-20
申请人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
发明人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： G06N5/00 , G06F9/453 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A general event composing and monitoring system that allows high-level events to be created from combinations of low-level events. An event specification tool allows for rapid development of a general event processor that creates high-level events from combinations of user actions. The event system, in combination with a reasoning system, is able to monitor and perform inference about several classes of events for a variety of purposes. The various classes of events include the current context, the state of key data structures in a program, general sequences of user inputs, including actions with a mouse-controlled cursor while interacting with a graphical user interface, words typed in free-text queries for assistance, visual information about users, such as gaze and gesture information, and speech information. Additionally, a method is provided for building an intelligent user interface system by constructing a reasoning model to compute the probability of alternative user's intentions, goals, or informational needs through analysis of information about a user's actions, program state, and words. The intelligent user interface system monitors user interaction with a software application and applies probabilistic reasoning to sense that the user may need assistance in using a particular feature or to accomplish a specific task. The intelligent user interface also accepts a free-text query from the user asking for help and combines the inference analysis of user actions and program state with an inference analysis of the free-text query. The inference system accesses a rich, updatable user profile system to continually check for competencies and changes assistance that is given based on user competence.

4. 发明授权

US6021403A Intelligent user assistance facility 失效
标题翻译：智能用户帮助设施
公开(公告)号：US6021403A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-01
申请号：US684003
申请日：1996-07-19
申请人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
发明人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
IPC分类号： G06F9/06 , B82B1/00 , G06F3/048 , G06F9/44 , G06N5/04 , G06F17/20
CPC分类号： G06N5/00 , G06F9/4446 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： An event composing and monitoring system that allows high-level events to be created from combinations of low-level events. An event specification tool, contained in the system, allows for rapidly developing a general event processor that creates high-level events from combinations of user actions. An event system, in combination with an inference system, monitors and infers, for various purposes, about several classes of events including: current program context; state of key data structures; user input sequences, including actions with a mouse-controlled cursor while interacting with a graphical user interface; words typed in free-text help queries; visual user information, such as gaze and gesture information; and user speech information. Additionally, an intelligent user interface is provided by constructing a reasoning model that computes probability of alternative user intentions, goals or information needs through analyzing information regarding program state, and that user's actions and free-text query words. Specifically, the interface monitors user interaction with a program and probabilistically reasons to sense that a user may need assistance in using a particular feature or to accomplish a specific task. This interface accepts a free-text help query from the user and combines the inference analysis of user actions and the program state with an inference analysis of the query. The inference system, using an updateable user profile, continually checks for user competencies and, based on such competencies, changes assistance that is offered.
摘要翻译：一个事件组合和监控系统，允许从低级别事件的组合创建高级别事件。包含在系统中的事件规范工具允许快速开发通用事件处理器，它通过用户操作的组合创建高级事件。事件系统与推理系统相结合，针对各种目的监视和推测几类事件，包括：当前程序环境; 关键数据结构状态; 用户输入序列，包括与图形用户界面交互时具有鼠标控制的光标的动作; 输入自由文本帮助查询的单词; 视觉用户信息，如凝视和姿态信息; 和用户语音信息。另外，通过构建推理模型来提供智能用户界面，该推理模型通过分析关于程序状态的信息以及该用户的动作和自由文本查询词来计算替代用户意图，目标或信息需求的概率。具体来说，接口监视用户与程序的交互，并且概率地认为用户可能需要协助使用特定特征或完成特定任务。该接口接受来自用户的自由文本帮助查询，并将用户操作的推理分析和程序状态与查询的推断分析相结合。推理系统使用可更新的用户配置文件，不断检查用户能力，并根据这些能力来更改提供的帮助。

5. 发明授权

US06233570B1 Intelligent user assistance facility for a software program 有权
标题翻译：用于软件程序的智能用户辅助功能
公开(公告)号：US06233570B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09197160
申请日：1998-11-20
申请人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
发明人： Eric Horvitz , John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Samuel D. Hobson , David O. Hovel , Adrian C. Klein , Jacobus A. Rommelse , Gregory L. Shaw
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： G06N5/00 , G06F9/453 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A general event composing and monitoring system that allows high-level events to be created from combinations of low-level events. An event specification tool allows for rapid development of a general event processor that creates high-level events from combinations of user actions. The event system, in combination with a reasoning system, is able to monitor and perform inference about several classes of events for a variety of purposes. The various classes of events include the current context, the state of key data structures in a program, general sequences of user inputs, including actions with a mouse-controlled cursor while interacting with a graphical user interface, words typed in free-text queries for assistance, visual information about users, such as gaze and gesture information, and speech information. Additionally, a method is provided for building an intelligent user interface system by constructing a reasoning model to compute the probability of alternative user's intentions, goals, or informational needs through analysis of information about a user's actions, program state, and words. The intelligent user interface system monitors user interaction with a software application and applies probabilistic reasoning to sense that the user may need assistance in using a particular feature or to accomplish a specific task. The intelligent user interface also accepts a free-text query from the user asking for help and combines the inference analysis of user actions and program state with an inference analysis of the free-text query. The inference system accesses a rich, updatable user profile system to continually check for competencies and changes assistance that is given based on user competence.
摘要翻译：一般的事件编制和监控系统，允许从低级别事件的组合创建高级别事件。事件规范工具可以快速开发通用事件处理器，从用户操作的组合创建高级事件。事件系统与推理系统相结合，能够监视和执行关于几类事件的推理，用于各种目的。各种类型的事件包括当前上下文，程序中关键数据结构的状态，用户输入的一般序列，包括与图形用户界面交互时使用鼠标控制的光标的操作，以自由文本查询形式输入的单词帮助，关于用户的视觉信息，例如注视和手势信息，以及语音信息。另外，提供了一种构建智能用户界面系统的方法，通过构建推理模型来通过分析关于用户动作，程序状态和单词的信息来计算替代用户的意图，目标或信息需求的概率。智能用户界面系统监视用户与软件应用程序的交互，并应用概率推理来感知用户可能需要协助使用特定功能或完成特定任务。智能用户界面还接受用户请求帮助的自由文本查询，并将用户操作和程序状态的推理分析与自由文本查询的推理分析相结合。推理系统访问丰富的，可更新的用户配置文件系统，以持续检查基于用户能力给出的能力和更改帮助。

6. 发明授权

US5715374A Method and system for case-based reasoning utilizing a belief network 失效
标题翻译：使用信念网络的案例推理的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5715374A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-03
申请号：US267798
申请日：1994-06-29
申请人： David E. Heckerman , Gregory L. Shaw , John S. Breese
发明人： David E. Heckerman , Gregory L. Shaw , John S. Breese
IPC分类号： G06N5/02 , G06F15/18
CPC分类号： G06N5/025
摘要： An improved method and system for performing case-based reasoning is provided. A belief network is utilized by the preferred case-based reasoning system for assisting a user in problem resolution. After resolving a problem of a user, the preferred embodiment of the present invention updates the probabilities in the belief network so as to provide for a more accurate problem resolution upon the next invocation of the preferred embodiment. The belief network of the preferred embodiment contains six data types relating to a problem resolution scenario. The data types utilized by the belief network of the preferred embodiment include: issues, causes, resolutions, symptoms, terms, and alternates.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于执行基于案例推理的改进方法和系统。信仰网络被优选的基于情况的推理系统用于帮助用户解决问题。在解决用户的问题之后，本发明的优选实施例更新信念网络中的概率，以便在下一次优选实施例的调用时提供更准确的问题解决。优选实施例的信念网络包含与问题解决方案相关的六种数据类型。由优选实施例的信念网络使用的数据类型包括：问题，原因，解决方案，症状，术语和替代。

7. 发明授权

US5704017A Collaborative filtering utilizing a belief network 失效
标题翻译：利用信念网络进行协同过滤
公开(公告)号：US5704017A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-30
申请号：US602238
申请日：1996-02-16
申请人： David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese , Eric Horvitz , David Maxwell Chickering
发明人： David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese , Eric Horvitz , David Maxwell Chickering
IPC分类号： G06Q30/02 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： H04N21/252 , G06Q30/02
摘要： The disclosed system provides an improved collaborative filtering system by utilizing a belief network, which is sometimes known as a Bayesian network. The disclosed system learns a belief network using both prior knowledge obtained from an expert in a given field of decision making and a database containing empirical data obtained from many people. The empirical data contains attributes of users as well as their preferences in the field of decision making. After initially learning the belief network, the belief network is relearned at various intervals when additional attributes are identified as having a causal effect on the preferences and data for these additional attributes can be gathered. This relearning allows the belief network to improve its accuracy at predicting preferences of a user. Upon each iteration of relearning, a cluster model is automatically generated that best predicts the data in the database. After relearning the belief network a number of times, the belief network is used to predict the preferences of a user using probabilistic inference. In performing probabilistic inference, the known attributes of a user are received and the belief network is accessed to determine the probability of the unknown preferences of the user given the known attributes. Based on these probabilities, the preference most likely to be desired by the user can be predicted.
摘要翻译：所公开的系统通过利用有时被称为贝叶斯网络的置信网络来提供改进的协同过滤系统。所公开的系统使用从给定的决策领域的专家获得的现有知识和包含从许多人获得的经验数据的数据库来学习信念网络。实证数据包含用户的属性以及决策领域的偏好。在最初学习信念网络之后，当附加属性被识别为对偏好具有因果影响并且可以收集这些附加属性的数据时，信念网络以不同的间隔被重新学习。这种再学习允许信念网络在预测用户的偏好时提高其准确性。在重新学习的每次迭代之后，自动生成最能预测数据库中的数据的集群模型。在重新学习信念网络多次之后，信念网络用于使用概率推理来预测用户的偏好。在执行概率推理时，接收用户的已知属性，并且访问置信网络以确定给定已知属性的用户的未知偏好的概率。基于这些概率，可以预测用户最可能希望的偏好。

8. 发明授权

US5694559A On-line help method and system utilizing free text query 失效
标题翻译：在线帮助方法和系统利用自由文本查询
公开(公告)号：US5694559A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-02
申请号：US400797
申请日：1995-03-07
申请人： Samuel D. Hobson , Eric Horvitz , David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese , Erich-S.o slashed.ren Finkelstein , Gregory L. Shaw , James R. Flynn , Karen Jensen
发明人： Samuel D. Hobson , Eric Horvitz , David E. Heckerman , John S. Breese , Erich-S.o slashed.ren Finkelstein , Gregory L. Shaw , James R. Flynn , Karen Jensen
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F17/30 , G06F17/28
CPC分类号： G06F17/30672 , G06F17/30687 , G06F9/4446 , G06F9/4448 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： An improved free text query method and system is provided as part of an improved on-line help system. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the on-line help system provides a free text query system that performs partial analysis. The partial analysis performed by the preferred embodiment includes identifying keywords within input provided by the user, performing disambiguation analysis, performing definiteness analysis, performing capitalization analysis, and generating a ranked list of candidates according to a probability associated with each candidate. In addition, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is internationalizable. That is, the present invention is easily ported between different languages.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的自由文本查询方法和系统，作为改进的在线帮助系统的一部分。在本发明的优选实施例中，在线帮助系统提供执行部分分析的自由文本查询系统。由优选实施例执行的部分分析包括识别由用户提供的输入内的关键字，执行消歧分析，执行确定性分析，执行大小写分析，以及根据与每个候选相关联的概率生成候选排序列表。此外，本发明的优选实施例是可国际化的。也就是说，本发明容易地在不同语言之间移植。

9. 发明授权

US6006218A Methods and apparatus for retrieving and/or processing retrieved information as a function of a user's estimated knowledge 失效
标题翻译：用于根据用户的估计知识检索和/或处理检索到的信息的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6006218A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US807566
申请日：1997-02-28
申请人： John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Eric Horvitz , Carl Kadie , Keiji Kanazawa
发明人： John S. Breese , David E. Heckerman , Eric Horvitz , Carl Kadie , Keiji Kanazawa
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30864 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： Information retrieval methods and apparatus which involve: 1) the generation of estimates regarding the probability that items included in search results are already known to the user and 2) the use of such knowledge probability estimates to influence the ranking of search results, are described. By discounting the ranking, or adjusting ranking values generated by a known search engine as a function of the knowledge probability estimates, the present invention reduces or eliminates the risk of locating known information near the top of a list of search results. This is advantageous since known information is generally of little interest to a user. In various embodiments the popularity of an item is used to estimate the probability that the item is already known to a user. In addition, in various embodiments one or more user controllable parameters are used in the generation of the knowledge probability estimates and/or the ranking of the search results to give the user an opportunity to have the ranking of the search results accurately reflect the user's knowledge. The present invention is particularly well suited to collaborative filtering based search systems. This is because collaborative filters make recommendations to a user based on historical information relating to, e.g., the popularity of items being considered for recommendation. This same popularity information can be used to estimate a users knowledge of a database item. Such items may include television shows, music, Internet sites, etc.
摘要翻译：信息检索方法和装置，其涉及：1）生成关于搜索结果中包含的项目对于用户已知的概率的估计，以及2）使用这种知识概率估计来影响搜索结果的排名。通过对排名进行折扣或者根据知识概率估计来调整由已知搜索引擎产生的排名值，本发明减少或消除了在搜索结果列表顶部附近定位已知信息的风险。这是有利的，因为已知的信息通常对用户没有兴趣。在各种实施例中，使用项目的流行度来估计项目已经被用户知道的概率。此外，在各种实施例中，一个或多个用户可控参数用于产生知识概率估计和/或搜索结果的排名以给予用户机会使搜索结果的排名准确地反映用户的知识。本发明特别适合于基于协作过滤的搜索系统。这是因为协作过滤器基于与例如被考虑用于推荐的项目的受欢迎程度有关的历史信息向用户提出建议。可以使用相同的流行度信息来估计用户对数据库项目的了解。这些物品可能包括电视节目，音乐，互联网站点等。

10. 发明授权

US08605089B1 Data visualization using association networks 有权
标题翻译：使用关联网络的数据可视化
公开(公告)号：US08605089B1
公开(公告)日：2013-12-10
申请号：US09781727
申请日：2001-02-12
申请人： David E. Heckerman , Christopher A. Meek
发明人： David E. Heckerman , Christopher A. Meek
IPC分类号： G06T11/20 , G06T11/40 , G09G5/20
CPC分类号： G06T11/206 , G06F17/30994 , G06T11/203 , G06T11/40 , G09G5/20
摘要： A system and method are employed to construct an association network to visualize relationships between variables of a data set. The relationships characterized by the association network may include symmetric or asymmetric measures of association between variables learned from the data. The association network includes nodes, which represent variables, and edges, which represent associations between variables. As a result, the association network helps a user to visualize useful information from data according to the determined measure of association.
摘要翻译：采用系统和方法来构建关联网络以可视化数据集的变量之间的关系。由关联网络表征的关系可以包括从数据中学习的变量之间的关联的对称或非对称度量。关联网络包括表示变量的节点和表示变量之间的关联的边。结果，关联网络帮助用户根据确定的关联度量可视化数据中的有用信息。

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