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1. 发明授权

US5592553A Authentication system using one-time passwords 失效
公开(公告)号：US5592553A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-07
申请号：US597376
申请日：1996-02-08
申请人： Richard H. Guski , Raymond C. Larson , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Donald B. Johnson , Don Coppersmith
发明人： Richard H. Guski , Raymond C. Larson , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Donald B. Johnson , Don Coppersmith
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , G06F1/00 , G06F21/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L12/22 , H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L63/0838 , G06F21/31 , H04L12/22 , H04L63/0846 , H04L9/0822 , H04L9/088 , H04L9/0894 , H04L9/3228 , H04L2209/20
摘要： A system for authenticating a user located at a requesting node to a resource such as a host application located at an authenticating node using one-time passwords that change pseudorandomly with each request for authentication. At the requesting node a non-time-dependent value is generated from nonsecret information identifying the user and the host application, using a secret encryption key shared with the authenticating node. The non-time-dependent value is combined with a time-dependent value to generate a composite value that is encrypted to produce an authentication parameter. The authentication parameter is reversibly transformed into an alphanumeric character string that is transmitted as a one-time password to the authenticating node. At the authenticating node the received password is transformed back into the corresponding authentication parameter, which is decrypted to regenerate the composite value. The non-time-dependent value is replicated at the authenticating node using the same nonsecret information and encryption key shared with the requesting node. The locally generated non-time-dependent value is combined with the regenerated composite value to regenerate the time-dependent value. The user is authenticated if the regenerated time-dependent value is within a predetermined range of a time-dependent value that is locally generated at the authenticating node.

2. 发明授权

US06301362B1 Method and apparatus for cryptographically transforming an input block into an output block 失效
标题翻译：用于将输入块加密地变换成输出块的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06301362B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US09096615
申请日：1998-06-12
申请人： Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Don Coppersmith , Donald B. Johnson
发明人： Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Don Coppersmith , Donald B. Johnson
IPC分类号： H04L906
CPC分类号： H04L9/002 , H04L9/0625 , H04L2209/24
摘要： A method and apparatus for cryptographically transforming an input block into an output block. The input block has a first block size and is partitionable into a plurality of input subblocks having a second block size that is a submultiple of the first block size. To encrypt or decrypt, the input subblocks are passed through respective first substitution functions controlled by one or more keys to generate a first plurality of modified subblocks. The first plurality of modified subblocks are then passed through a mixing function to generate a second plurality of modified subblocks, each of which depends on each of the first plurality of modified subblocks. Finally, the second plurality of modified subblocks are passed through respective second substitution functions controlled by one or more keys to generate a plurality of output subblocks that are combinable into an output block.
摘要翻译：一种用于将输入块密码变换为输出块的方法和装置。输入块具有第一块大小并且可分割成具有第二块大小的多个输入子块，该第二块大小是第一块大小的次数。为了加密或解密，输入子块通过由一个或多个键控制的相应的第一替换函数，以产生第一多个修改的子块。第一多个经修改的子块然后被传递通过混合功能以产生第二多个修改的子块，每个子块依赖于第一多个修改子块中的每一个。最后，第二多个经修改的子块通过由一个或多个密钥控制的相应的第二替换函数，以产生可组合成输出块的多个输出子块。

3. 发明授权

US06192129B1 Method and apparatus for advanced byte-oriented symmetric key block cipher with variable length key and block 失效
标题翻译：用于具有可变长度密钥和块的高级字节对称密钥块密码的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06192129B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-20
申请号：US09018630
申请日：1998-02-04
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
IPC分类号： H04L906
CPC分类号： H04L9/0625 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/24
摘要： A method and apparatus for an advanced byte-oriented symmetric key cipher for encryption and decryption, using a block cipher algorithm. Different block sizes and key sizes are supported, and a different sub-key is used in each round. Encryption is computed using a variable number of rounds of mixing, permutation, and key-dependent substitution. Decryption uses a variable number of rounds of key-dependent inverse substitution, inverse permutation, and inverse mixing. The variable length sub-keys are data-independent, and can be precomputed.
摘要翻译：一种用于加密和解密的高级字节取向对称密钥密码的方法和装置，使用块密码算法。支持不同的块大小和密钥大小，每轮中使用不同的子密钥。使用可变数量的混合，置换和密钥依赖替换来计算加密。解密使用可变数量的密钥依赖逆替换，逆置换和反向混合。可变长度子密钥与数据无关，可以预先计算。

4. 发明授权

US06189095B1 Symmetric block cipher using multiple stages with modified type-1 and type-3 feistel networks 失效
标题翻译：对称分组密码，使用多个修改类型1和3型网络的阶段
公开(公告)号：US06189095B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-13
申请号：US09092125
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
IPC分类号： H04L900
CPC分类号： H04L9/0625 , H04L9/002 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/24
摘要： The present invention provides a technique, system, and computer program for a symmetric key block cipher. This cipher uses multiple stages with a modified Type-3 Feistel network, and a modified Unbalanced Type-1 Feistel network in an expansion box forward function. The cipher allows the block size, key size, number of rounds of expansion, and number of stages of ciphering to vary. The modified Type-3 cipher modifies the word used as input to the expansion box in certain rounds, to speed the diffusion properties of the ciphering. The modified Type-3 and Type-1 ciphers are interleaved, and provide excellent resistance to both linear and differential attacks. The variable-length subkeys and the S-box can be precomputed. A minimal amount of computer storage is required to implement this cipher, which can be implemented equally well in hardware or software (or some combination thereof).
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于对称密钥块密码的技术，系统和计算机程序。该密码在扩展箱前向功能中使用具有修改的Type-3 Feistel网络和修改的不平衡类型1 Feistel网络的多个阶段。密码允许块大小，密钥大小，扩展次数和加密阶段数量的变化。修改后的Type-3密码在某些回合中修改了用作扩展箱输入的字，以加快加密的扩散性能。修改后的Type-3和Type-1密码是交错的，并且对线性和差分攻击提供出色的阻力。可以预先计算可变长度子项和S盒。需要最少量的计算机存储来实现该密码，这可以在硬件或软件（或其某种组合）中同样良好地实现。

5. 发明授权

US06185679B2 Method and apparatus for a symmetric block cipher using multiple stages with type-1 and type-3 feistel networks 失效
标题翻译：用于使用具有1型和3型feistel网络的多级的对称块密码的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06185679B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09027769
申请日：1998-02-23
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
IPC分类号： H04L900
CPC分类号： H04L9/002 , H04L9/0625 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/12 , H04L2209/24
摘要： The present invention provides a technique, system, and computer program for a symmetric key block cipher. Variable block sizes and key sizes are supported, as well as a variable number of rounds. The cipher uses multiple stages of processing, where the stages have different structures and different subround functions, to provide excellent resistance to both linear and differential attacks. Feistel Type-1 and Type-3 are both used, each during different stages. The number of rounds may vary among stages. Subkeys are used in some, but not all, stages. The variable-length keys can be precomputed. A novel manner of using data-dependent rotation in a cipher is defined.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于对称密钥块密码的技术，系统和计算机程序。支持可变块大小和密钥大小，以及可变数目的轮次。密码器使用多个处理阶段，其中阶段具有不同的结构和不同的子区域功能，以提供对线性和差分攻击的极好抵抗。两种不同阶段都使用1型和3型Feistel。轮次数可能会有所不同。子项在某些（但不是全部）阶段中使用。可变长度键可以预先计算。定义了在密码中使用数据相关旋转的新颖方式。

6. 发明授权

US4908861A Data authentication using modification detection codes based on a public one way encryption function 失效
标题翻译：基于公共单向加密功能的修改检测码进行数据认证
公开(公告)号：US4908861A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-13
申请号：US90633
申请日：1987-08-28
申请人： Bruno O. Brachtl , Don Coppersmith , Myrna M. Hyden , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Carl H. W. Meyer , Jonathan Oseas , Shaiy Pilpel , Michael Schilling
发明人： Bruno O. Brachtl , Don Coppersmith , Myrna M. Hyden , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Carl H. W. Meyer , Jonathan Oseas , Shaiy Pilpel , Michael Schilling
IPC分类号： H04L9/32
CPC分类号： H04L9/3239 , H04L9/002 , H04L9/0643 , H04L9/0825 , H04L2209/04 , H04L2209/56
摘要： A cryptographic method and apparatus are disclosed which transform a message or arbitrary length into a block of fixed length (128 bits) defined modification detection code (MDC). Although there are a large number of messages which result in the same MDC, because the MDC is a many-to-one function of the input, it is required that it is practically not feasible for an opponent to find them. In analyzing the methods, a distinction is made between two types of attacks, i.e., insiders (who have access to the system) and outsiders (who do not). The first method employs four encryption steps per DEA block and provides the higher degree of security. Coupling between the different DEA operations is provided by using the input keys also as data in two of the four encryption steps. In addition, there is cross coupling by interchanging half of the internal keys. Although this second coupling operation does not add to security in this scheme, it is mandatory in the second method, which employs only two encryption steps per DEA block to trade off security for performance. By providing key cross coupling in both schemes, an identical kernel is established for both methods. This has an implementation advantage since the first method can be achieved by applying the second method twice. The MDC, when loaded into a secure device, authorizes one and only one data set to be authenticated by the MDC, whereas methods based on message authentication codes or digital signatures involving a public key algorithm authorize a plurality of data sets to be authenticated. The MDC therefore provides for greater security control.
摘要翻译：公开了将消息或任意长度变换为固定长度（128位）定义的修改检测码（MDC）的块的密码方法和装置。虽然有大量的消息导致相同的MDC，因为MDC是一个多对一的输入功能，但要求对方找到它们实际上是不可行的。在分析方法时，区分了两种类型的攻击，即内部人员（谁可以访问系统）和外部人员（谁没有）。第一种方法对每个DEA块采用四个加密步骤，并提供更高的安全性。通过在四个加密步骤中的两个中也使用输入键作为数据来提供不同DEA操作之间的耦合。另外，通过交换一半的内部键来存在交叉耦合。尽管这种第二个耦合操作并不增加该方案的安全性，但是在第二种方法中，强制性的是，每个DEA块仅使用两个加密步骤来对性能进行权衡。通过在两种方案中提供关键交叉耦合，为这两种方法建立了相同的内核。这具有实现优点，因为可以通过应用第二种方法两次来实现第一种方法。当MDC被加载到安全设备中时，授权一个且仅一个数据集由MDC认证，而基于消息认证码或涉及公开密钥算法的数字签名的方法授权多个数据集进行认证。因此，MDC提供更大的安全控制。

7. 发明授权

US06243470B1 Method and apparatus for advanced symmetric key block cipher with variable length key and block 失效
标题翻译：具有可变长度密钥和块的高级对称密钥块密码的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06243470B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09018707
申请日：1998-02-04
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
IPC分类号： H04L906
CPC分类号： H04L9/0625 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/24
摘要： A method and apparatus for an advanced symmetric key cipher for encryption and decryption, using a block cipher algorithm. Different block sizes and key sizes are supported, and a different sub-key is used in each round. Encryption is computed using a variable number of rounds of mixing, permutation, and key-dependent substitution. Decryption uses a variable number of rounds of key-dependent inverse substitution, inverse permutation and inverse mixing. The variable length sub-keys are data-independent, and can be precomputed.
摘要翻译：一种用于加密和解密的高级对称密钥密码的方法和装置，使用块密码算法。支持不同的块大小和密钥大小，每轮中使用不同的子密钥。使用可变数量的混合，置换和密钥依赖替换来计算加密。解密使用可变数量的密钥相关逆替换，逆置换和反相混合。可变长度子密钥与数据无关，可以预先计算。

8. 发明授权

US06185304B2 Method and apparatus for a symmetric block cipher using multiple stages 失效
标题翻译：使用多个阶段的对称块密码的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06185304B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09027765
申请日：1998-02-23
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Rosario Gennaro , Shai Halevi , Charanjit S. Jutla , Stephen M. Matyas, Jr. , Luke James O'Connor , Mohammed Peyravian , David Robert Safford , Nevenko Zunic
IPC分类号： H04K100
CPC分类号： H04L9/002 , H04L9/0625 , H04L2209/24
摘要： The present invention provides a technique, system, and computer program for a symmetric key block cipher. Variable block sizes and key sizes are supported, as well as a variable number of rounds. The cipher uses multiple stages of processing, where the stages have different structures and different subround functions, to provide excellent resistance to both linear and differential attacks. Feistel Type-3 networks are used, with different networks during different stages. The number of rounds may vary among stages. Subkeys are used in some, but not all, stages. The variable-length keys can be precomputed. A novel manner of using multiplication in a cipher is defined.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于对称密钥块密码的技术，系统和计算机程序。支持可变块大小和密钥大小，以及可变数目的轮次。密码器使用多个处理阶段，其中阶段具有不同的结构和不同的子区域功能，以提供对线性和差分攻击的极好抵抗。使用Feistel Type-3网络，在不同阶段使用不同的网络。轮次数可能会有所不同。子项在某些（但不是全部）阶段中使用。可变长度键可以预先计算。定义了在密码中使用乘法的新颖方式。

9. 发明授权

US5835597A Software-efficient pseudorandom function and the use thereof for decryption 失效
标题翻译：软件效率的伪随机函数及其解密的用途
公开(公告)号：US5835597A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US831463
申请日：1997-03-31
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Phillip W. Rogaway
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , G06F12/14 , G06F21/00 , G06F21/24 , H04L9/18 , H04L9/22 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/31 , G06F21/46 , G06F21/602 , G06F21/62 , G06F21/72 , G06F21/80 , G06F21/85 , H04L9/0656 , G06F2211/007 , H04L2209/046
摘要： A software-efficient pseudorandom function maps an index and an encryption key to a pseudorandom bit string useful for constructing a stream cipher. The method begins by preprocessing the encryption key into a table of pseudorandom values. The index and a set of values from the table is then used to generate a set of initial values for the registers. At least some of the register values are modified in part by taking a current value of a register and replacing the current value with a function of the current value and a value retrieved from the table, the latter value being determined by the values in one or more other registers. After modifying the register values in this fashion, the values are masked using other values from the table and the results then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification step is repeated and a new masked function of the register values is then concatenated into the pseudorandom bit string. The modification and concatenation steps are repeated to continue growing the pseudorandom bit string until the string reaches some desired length.
摘要翻译：软件效率的伪随机函数将索引和加密密钥映射到用于构建流密码的伪随机比特串。该方法开始于将加密密钥预处理成伪随机值的表。然后使用索引和表中的一组值来生成一组寄存器的初始值。至少一些寄存器值被部分修改，取当前的寄存器值，并用当前值的函数和从表中检索的值替换当前值，后一个值由一个或多个值中的值确定更多其他寄存器。以这种方式修改寄存器值后，使用表中的其他值对值进行掩码，然后将结果并入到伪随机位串中。修改步骤被重复，并且寄存器值的新的掩蔽函数然后被连接到伪随机位串中。重复修改和连接步骤以继续生长伪随机位串，直到字符串达到期望的长度。

10. 发明授权

US5796827A System and method for near-field human-body coupling for encrypted communication with identification cards 失效
标题翻译：用于与识别卡进行加密通信的近场人体耦合的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5796827A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US749865
申请日：1996-11-14
申请人： Don Coppersmith , Prabhakar Raghavan , Thomas G. Zimmerman
发明人： Don Coppersmith , Prabhakar Raghavan , Thomas G. Zimmerman
IPC分类号： G06K19/07 , B60R25/00 , G06K7/08 , G06K17/00 , G06K19/04 , G06K19/077 , G06K19/10 , G07C9/00 , H04B5/00 , H04B5/02 , H04B13/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0024 , A61B5/0028 , B60R25/2027 , G06K19/041 , G06K19/07749 , G06K19/07758 , G06K19/07788 , G06K7/10326 , G06Q20/4012 , G07C9/00111 , H04B13/005 , H04L9/3226 , H04L9/3297 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/805
摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于使用人体作为传输介质来将数据从发射机编码和传送到接收机的装置和方法。发射机包括电场发生器，通过调制电场操作的数据编码器，以及将电场耦合通过人体的电极。接收机包括与身体的一部分物理接触或接近的电极，用于检测通过身体携带的电场，以及用于从调制电场中提取数据的解调器。连接到接收器的认证器处理编码数据并验证传输的真实性。该装置和方法用于识别和授权发射机的拥有者。拥有者然后可以安全地访问和可以获得货物和服务的交付，例如货币分配，电话特权，建筑物访问和商品。加密提供了对发射机和多个类似的发射机的快速传输和认证，并且具有最小的假冒易损性。信号处理和数字通信组件适应发射机和接收机的位置和方向的变化，并提供具有长寿命和高可靠性的发射机。

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