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1. 发明授权

US4943650A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
标题翻译：腈类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4943650A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-24
申请号：US304055
申请日：1989-01-30
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Mark J. Andrecovich , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Mark J. Andrecovich , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： B01J23/18 , B01J19/00 , B01J23/28 , B01J23/825 , B01J23/835 , C07B61/00 , C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07C255/08 , C07D301/08 , C07D303/04
CPC分类号： C07C253/34 , B01J19/002 , C07C253/24 , C07C253/26 , C07D301/08 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles and oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, and ammonia where a nitrile is desired, in the presence of a suitable catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The pressure of the gaseous effluent from the quench tower is raised and it is introduced into an absorber/stripper unit to form a recycle stream containing unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount of oxygen, typically 1-2 percent by volume, and a waste stream comprising the remainder of the quench tower gaseous phase. The recycle stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the oxygen therefrom and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. Flammability of the quench tower gaseous effluent and the waste stream from the absorber/stripper is minimized by assuring that the nonflammability index (NFI) thereof is within certain limits. The desired NFI is related to the total hydrocarbon content of the stream and may be achieved, if required, by the addition thereto of a gaseous flame suppresor. The gaseous flame suppressor is removed with the absorber/stripper unit waste stream which may advantageously be combusted to provide energy for the process. A PSA unit may be utilized to remove excess hydrogen from the dehydrogenator effluent. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator.

2. 发明授权

US4849537A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
公开(公告)号：US4849537A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-18
申请号：US215859
申请日：1988-07-06
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07D301/22 , C07B43/08 , C07C253/24 , C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07C255/08 , C07D301/08 , C07D303/04
CPC分类号： C07C253/34 , C07C253/26 , C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or gas-enriched in relative to an air, and ammonia, in the presence of an ammoxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a multistage dehydrogenator. The product stream is withdrawn from a reactor in the dehydrogenator other than the first and the last reactor and introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a pressure swing adsorption unit to form a gas stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount of oxygen. The gas stream, which may or may not contain hydrogen depending on the absorbent in the pressure swing adsorption unit, is introduced into the reactor in the dehydrogenator following that from which the product stream was withdrawn. The effluent from the last reactor in the dehydrogenator is introduced into: the first reactor; an intermediate reactor wherein the alkene concentration closely approximates the effluent or the ammoxidation reactor. The subject process is particularly efficient utilizing oxygen-enriched air in the reactor feed. A particularly preferred pressure swing adsorption system for use in the subject process comprises two parallel pressure swing adsorption units containing different adsorbents such that the gas stream formed in one contains all of the hydrogen in the gas phase from the quench tower. The feed to the pressure swing adsorption units is divided disproportionately so that the conbined pressure swing adsorption effluent recycle streams contain the optimum concentration of hydrogen for the dehydrogenator.

3. 发明授权

US4849538A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
标题翻译：腈类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4849538A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-18
申请号：US215858
申请日：1988-07-06
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07D301/08 , C07B61/00 , C07C253/24 , C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07C255/08
CPC分类号： C07C253/26
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, and ammonia in the presence of an ammoxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a PSA unit to form a gas stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, i.e. less than about 1 percent by volume, of oxygen and nitrogen, if present in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor. The gas stream, which may or may not contain hydrogen depending on the absorbent in the PSA unit, is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. Hydrogen may be introduced into or removed from the PSA effluent, depending on the function of the adsorbent therein, to obtain an optimum concentration for introduction into the dehydrogenator. A particularly preferred PSA system for use in the subject process comprises two parallel PSA units containing different adsorbents such that the gas stream formed in one contains all of the hydrogen in the gas phase from the quench tower. The feed to the PSA units is divided disproportionately so that the combined PSA effluent recycle streams contain the optimum concentration of hydrogen for the dehydrogenator.

4. 发明授权

US5043461A Process for the production of oxides 失效
标题翻译：氧化物生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5043461A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US518377
申请日：1990-05-03
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Mark J. Andrecovich , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Mark J. Andrecovich , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08
CPC分类号： B01J19/002 , C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process for the production of oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, in the presence of a suitable catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an oxidation reactor. Product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The pressure of the gaseous effluent from the quench tower is raised and it is introduced into an absorber/stripper unit to form a recycle stream containing unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount of oxygen, typically 1-2 percent by volume, and a waste stream comprising the remainder of the quench tower gaseous phase. The recycle stream enters a selective oxidation unit wherein oxygen is removed, and the product recycled to the dehydrogenator. Flammability of the quench tower gaseous effluent and the waste stream from the absorber/stripper is minimized by assuring that the nonflammability index (NFI) thereof is within certain limits. Desired NFI, related to the total hydrocarbon content, may be achieved by the addition thereto of a gaseous flame suppressor. The gaseous flame suppressor, removed with the absorber/stripper unit waste stream, may advantageously be combusted to provide energy. A PSA unit may remove excess hydrogen from the dehydrogenator effluent. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator.
摘要翻译：在合适的催化剂存在下，通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体（优选后者）反应从烃生产氧化物的改进方法。烷烃，例如丙烷转化为催化脱氢剂中的烯烃。将产物流引入氧化反应器中。在其中形成的产物在常规骤冷塔中回收。来自骤冷塔的气态流出物的压力升高，并将其引入吸收器/汽提器单元以形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃以及少量氧气（通常为1-2体积％）的再循环料流，以及包括骤冷塔气相的剩余部分的废物流。再循环流进入选择性氧化单元，其中除去氧，产物再循环到脱氢器中。通过确保其不可燃性指数（NFI）在一定限度内，骤冷塔气态流出物和来自吸收器/汽提塔的废物流的易燃性被最小化。与总碳氢化合物含量有关的所需NFI可以通过添加气态阻燃剂来实现。用吸收器/汽提器单元废物流除去的气体火焰抑制器可以有利地被燃烧以提供能量。 PSA单元可以从脱氢器流出物中除去过量的氢。脱氢剂可以是多级脱氢剂。

5. 发明授权

US5008414A Process for the production of oxides 失效
标题翻译：氧化物生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5008414A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US410435
申请日：1989-09-21
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr. , Virginia A. Malik
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr. , Virginia A. Malik
IPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08
CPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a separator to produce an adsorbed stream, an oxygen-enriched stream, a waste stream and, if desired, a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-enriched stream may be recycled to the oxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The adsorbed stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainder of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the oxidation reactor.

6. 发明授权

US5008412A Process for the production of oxides 失效
标题翻译：氧化物生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5008412A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US376331
申请日：1989-07-06
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08
CPC分类号： C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from alkanes by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to an air in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a multistage dehydrogenator. The product stream is withdrawn from an intermediate reactor in the dehydrogenator, other than the first and the last reactor, and introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed in the oxidation reactor is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit to form a gaseous stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, i.e. less than about 2 percent by volume, of oxygen and nitrogen, if present in the feed to the oxidation reactor. The gaseous stream, which may or may not contain hydrogen depending on the adsorbent in the PSA unit, is introduced into the reactor in the dehydrogenator following the intermediate reactor. The effluent from the last reactor in the dehydrogenator is introduced into either: (i) the first reactor; (ii) a reactor other than said first reactor wherein the alkene concentration closely approximates the effluent of the oxidation reactor. The subject process is particularly efficient utilizing oxygen-enriched air in the reactor feed. A preferred PSA system for use in the subject process comprises two parallel PSA units containing different adsorbents such that the gaseous phase formed in one contains all of the hydrogen in the gas phase from the quench tower. The feed to the PSA units is divided disproportionately so that the combined PSA effluent recycle streams contain the optimum concentration of hydrogen for the dehydrogenator.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法，用于在氧化催化剂存在下，通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体反应从烷烃生成氧化物。烷烃，例如丙烷转化为多级脱氢剂中的烯烃。将产物流从除了第一和最后一个反应器之外的脱氢器中的中间反应器中取出，并引入氧化反应器中。在常规的淬火塔中回收在氧化反应器中形成的产物。来自淬火塔的气态流出物在变压吸附（PSA）单元中进行处理以形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃以及少量（即小于约2体积％）氧和氮的气流，如果存在于氧化反应器的进料中。根据PSA单元中的吸附剂，可能含有或不含氢的气流在中间反应器之后的脱氢器中被引入反应器中。将脱氢器中最后一个反应器的流出物引入：（i）第一反应器; （ii）除所述第一反应器之外的反应器，其中烯烃浓度与氧化反应器的流出物密切相近。本方法在反应器进料中利用富氧空气特别有效。用于本发明方法的优选PSA系统包括两个平行的PSA单元，其含有不同的吸附剂，使得形成在其中的气相含有来自骤冷塔的气相中的全部氢气。 PSA单元的进料不成比例地分配，使得组合的PSA流出物循环流含有用于脱氢剂的最佳氢浓度。

7. 发明授权

US4870201A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
标题翻译：腈类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4870201A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US281581
申请日：1988-12-08
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Virginia A. Malik , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Virginia A. Malik , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07D301/08 , C07B61/00 , C07C253/26 , C07C255/08 , C07D303/04
CPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/24 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, and ammonia in the presence of an ammoxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g., propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a PSA unit comprising at least two pairs of adsorptive beds. The first bed forms a gas stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, typically 1-2 percent by volume, of oxygen and a vent stream containing oxygen, nitrogen if present, and hydrogen. The vent stream is introduced into the second adsorptive bed to thereby form an oxygen-containing stream which also contains, nitrogen, if present, and a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-containing stream may be recycled to the ammoxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The alkene/alkane stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainer of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the admmoxidation/oxidation reactor.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法，用于通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体（优选后者）和氨在氨氧化催化剂存在下反应从烃生产腈。烷烃例如丙烷在催化脱氢剂中转化为烯烃。将产物流引入氨氧化反应器中。其中形成的产品在常规的骤冷塔中回收。来自骤冷塔的气态流出物在包含至少两对吸附床的PSA单元中进行处理。第一床形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃的气流以及通常为1-2体积％的少量氧气和含有氧气，氮气（如果存在的话）和氢气的排放流。将排出物流引入第二吸附床中，从而形成含有氮气（如果存在）和富氢物流的含氧物流。含氧气流可以根据其含氮量再循环到氨氧化反应器中。加入至少一部分氢气流的烯烃/烷烃流被引入选择性氧化装置以除去剩余的氧气，然后再循环到脱氢器中。富含氢的物流的剩余物（如果有的话）可以作为产物或通风。脱氢剂可以是多级脱氢器，其中产物流从除第一和最后反应器之外的反应器中排出，将再循环流引入下一个顺序反应器中，将来自最后一个反应器的流出物引入第一反应器，反应器具有类似的烷烃组成或直接进入氧化/氧化反应器。

8. 发明授权

US5179215A Process for the production of petrochemicals 失效
标题翻译：石油化工生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5179215A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US661794
申请日：1991-02-27
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean
IPC分类号： B01J27/198 , C07B33/00 , C07B61/00 , C07C17/152 , C07C21/06 , C07C21/073 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/265 , C07C253/24 , C07C255/08 , C07D301/08 , C07D301/10 , C07D303/04 , C07D307/60 , C07D307/89
CPC分类号： C07D301/10 , C07C17/152 , C07C255/08 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/265 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of a petrochemical by the vapor phase reaction of a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst to produce a flammable gaseous product stream comprising the desired petrochemical, unreacted hydrocarbon, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the improved process, a cooled or liquefied inert gas is injected as a quench fluid into the gaseous product stream exiting the hydrocarbon oxidation reactor, thereby cooling the stream to a temperature below the autoignition temperature of the flammable components of the stream, the petrochemical is recovered from the gaseous product and unreacted hydrocarbon is removed from the gaseous product and recycled to the reactor.

9. 发明授权

US5015756A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
标题翻译：腈类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5015756A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-14
申请号：US345916
申请日：1989-05-01
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Yagya Shukla , Donald L. MacLean
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Yagya Shukla , Donald L. MacLean
IPC分类号： C07C253/24 , B01J19/00 , C07B61/00 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/265 , C07C57/145 , C07C67/00 , C07C253/00 , C07C255/08 , C07D307/60
CPC分类号： B01J19/002 , C07C253/24 , C07C253/26 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/265 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas comprising oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air and ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In the process, a selective separator provides recycle of a substantial portion of the unreacted hydrocarbon as well as for a controlled amount of a gaseous flame suppressor in the system. The gaseous flame suppressor comprises a substantially unreactive hydrocarbon containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbon dioxide and nitrogen when present in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor. The use of air or oxygen-enriched air in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor is particularly advantageous from an economic view in combination with a pressure swing adsorption unit as the selective separator. The process is characterized by high selectivity to the formation of the product.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法，用于在合适的催化剂存在下，通过与包含氧气，空气或富氧相对于空气和氨气体的含氧气体与含碳气体反应生产腈。在该方法中，选择性分离器提供大部分未反应烃的再循环以及用于系统中受控量的气态阻燃剂的再循环。当存在于氨氧化反应器的进料中时，气态阻燃剂包含含有1至5个碳原子的基本上不活泼的烃，二氧化碳和氮。从作为选择性分离器的变压吸附装置的经济观点出发，使用空气或富氧空气进入氨氧化反应器的进料是特别有利的。该方法的特征在于对产物形成的高选择性。

10. 发明授权

US07303606B2 Oxy-fuel combustion process 失效
标题翻译：氧燃料燃烧过程
公开(公告)号：US07303606B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-04
申请号：US11092345
申请日：2005-03-29
申请人： Yongxian Zeng , Divyanshu R. Acharya , Satish S. Tamhankar , Narayanan Ramprasad , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Frank R. Fitch , Donald L. MacLean , Jerry Y. S. Lin , Richard H. Clarke
发明人： Yongxian Zeng , Divyanshu R. Acharya , Satish S. Tamhankar , Narayanan Ramprasad , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Frank R. Fitch , Donald L. MacLean , Jerry Y. S. Lin , Richard H. Clarke
IPC分类号： B01D53/04
CPC分类号： B01D53/04 , B01D53/047 , B01D2253/10 , B01D2256/12 , B01D2257/102 , B01D2259/40001 , C01B13/0259 , C01B2210/0046 , F23C9/00 , F23C2202/30 , F23L7/007 , F23L2900/07001 , Y02E20/322 , Y02E20/344 , Y02P20/124 , Y10S502/525
摘要： Production of oxygen-enriched gas streams is disclosed herein. Air streams contact an oxygen-selective mixed conductor particularly a perovskite material whereby oxygen is retained or adsorbed on the perovskite and can be employed in a variety of processes such as in combusting a fuel gas, heat recovery and boiler related operations.
摘要翻译：本文公开了富氧气流的生产。空气流接触氧选择性混合导体，特别是钙钛矿材料，由此氧气保留或吸附在钙钛矿上，可用于燃烧燃气，热回收和锅炉相关操作等各种工艺。

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