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1. 发明授权

US06456133B1 Duty cycle control loop 失效
标题翻译：占空比控制回路
公开(公告)号：US06456133B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-24
申请号：US09752250
申请日：2000-12-28
申请人： Rajendran Nair , Chantal Wright , Stephen Mooney , Siva G. Narendra
发明人： Rajendran Nair , Chantal Wright , Stephen Mooney , Siva G. Narendra
IPC分类号： H03K3017
CPC分类号： H03K5/1565
摘要： An output circuit generates an output signal. The output signal has a duty cycle from an input signal. A level extractor couple to the output circuit to extract a direct current (DC) level from the output signal. The DC level is a representative of the duty cycle. An integrator couple to the level extractor to integrate the DC level. The integrator generates a current control signal to adjust the duty cycle.
摘要翻译：输出电路产生输出信号。输出信号具有来自输入信号的占空比。电平提取器耦合到输出电路以从输出信号提取直流（DC）电平。直流电平是占空比的代表。积分器耦合到级别提取器以集成直流电平。积分器产生电流控制信号以调整占空比。

2. 发明授权

US06448840B2 Adaptive body biasing circuit and method 失效
标题翻译：自适应体偏置电路及方法
公开(公告)号：US06448840B2
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09452080
申请日：1999-11-30
申请人： James T. Kao , Vivek K. De , Siva G. Narendra , Rajendran Nair
发明人： James T. Kao , Vivek K. De , Siva G. Narendra , Rajendran Nair
IPC分类号： H03K301
CPC分类号： H01L27/0222 , H03K17/145 , H03K2217/0018
摘要： An adaptive body bias circuit forward or reverse biases bodies of transistors within a compensated circuit as a result of measured parameters of an integrated circuit. The adaptive body bias circuit includes a matched circuit that includes a replica of a signal path within the compensated circuit. The phase of a clock signal at the input to the matched circuit is compared to a phase of a delayed clock signal at the output of the matched circuit. When the delay through the matched circuit varies about one period of the clock signal, a non-zero error value is produced. A bias voltage is generated as a function of the error value, and the bias voltage is applied to the compensated circuit as well as the matched circuit. Integrated circuits can include many adaptive body bias circuits. Bias values can be stored in memories for later use, and bias values within memories can be updated periodically to compensate the circuit over time.
摘要翻译：作为集成电路的测量参数的结果，自适应体偏置电路正向或反向偏置补偿电路内的晶体管本体。自适应体偏置电路包括匹配电路，其包括补偿电路内的信号路径的副本。将匹配电路的输入端的时钟信号的相位与匹配电路输出端的延迟时钟信号的相位进行比较。当通过匹配电路的延迟在时钟信号的一个周期上变化时，产生非零误差值。产生偏置电压作为误差值的函数，并且偏置电压被施加到补偿电路以及匹配电路。集成电路可以包括许多自适应体偏置电路。偏置值可以存储在存储器中以供以后使用，并且周期性地更新存储器内的偏置值以补偿电路随时间变化。

3. 发明授权

US06229357B1 Frequency divider and method 有权
标题翻译：分频器和方法
公开(公告)号：US06229357B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09388562
申请日：1999-09-02
申请人： Rajendran Nair , Siva G. Narendra
发明人： Rajendran Nair , Siva G. Narendra
IPC分类号： H03B1900
CPC分类号： H03K3/037
摘要： A frequency divider includes a pulse generator, a latch with differential outputs, and switches responsive to the state of the latch. The latch changes logical state in response to signal pulses produced by the pulse generator. The signal pulses are produced by the pulse generator in response to rising edges of an input signal applied to the pulse generator. A first output alignment circuit provides additional drive strength to a first of the differential outputs when it is transitioning high. A second output alignment circuit provides additional drive strength to a second of the differential outputs when it is transitioning high.
摘要翻译：分频器包括脉冲发生器，具有差分输出的锁存器和响应于锁存器状态的开关。锁存器响应脉冲发生器产生的信号脉冲改变逻辑状态。响应于施加到脉冲发生器的输入信号的上升沿，由脉冲发生器产生信号脉冲。当第一输出对准电路转变为高电平时，第一差分输出端提供额外的驱动强度。当第二输出对准电路转变为高电平时，向第二差分输出端提供额外的驱动强度。

4. 发明授权

US06849909B1 Method and apparatus for weak inversion mode MOS decoupling capacitor 失效
标题翻译：弱反转模式MOS去耦电容器的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06849909B1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-01
申请号：US09677698
申请日：2000-09-28
申请人： Rajendran Nair , Siva G. Narendra , Tanay Karnik , Vivek K. De
发明人： Rajendran Nair , Siva G. Narendra , Tanay Karnik , Vivek K. De
IPC分类号： H01L27/08 , H01L31/119 , H01L29/088 , H01L29/90
CPC分类号： H01L27/0811 , Y10S257/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for providing a weak inversion mode metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) decoupling capacitor is described. In one embodiment, an enhancement-mode p-channel MOS (PMOS) transistor is constructed with a gate material whose work function differs from that commonly used. In one exemplary embodiment, platinum silicate (PtSi) is used. In alternate embodiments, the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor may be changed by modifying the dopant levels of the substrate. In either embodiment the flat band magnitude of the transistor is shifted by the change in materials used to construct the transistor. When such a transistor is connected with the gate lead connected to the positive supply voltage and the other leads connected to the negative (ground) supply voltage, an improved decoupling capacitor results.
摘要翻译：描述了用于提供弱反型模式金属氧化物半导体（MOS）去耦电容器的方法和装置。在一个实施例中，增强型p沟道MOS（PMOS）晶体管由其功能与常用功能不同的栅极材料构成。在一个示例性实施方案中，使用铂硅酸盐（PtSi）。在替代实施例中，可以通过修改衬底的掺杂剂水平来改变PMOS晶体管的阈值电压。在任一实施例中，晶体管的平带幅度偏移用于构造晶体管的材料的变化。当这种晶体管与连接到正电源电压的栅极引线连接，而其他引线连接到负（接地）电源电压时，会产生改进的去耦电容。

5. 发明授权

US09741027B2 Memory card based contactless devices 有权
公开(公告)号：US09741027B2
公开(公告)日：2017-08-22
申请号：US12002317
申请日：2007-12-14
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Prabhakar Tadepalli , Thomas N. Spitzer
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Prabhakar Tadepalli , Thomas N. Spitzer
IPC分类号： H05K1/14 , G06Q20/32 , G06Q20/34 , G06Q40/02
CPC分类号： G06Q20/32 , G06Q20/353 , G06Q40/02
摘要： A memory card compatible token includes a host interface, radio circuits to transmit signals and a controller to determine if the memory card access commands are for contactless devices attached to the memory card slot or general memory. User payment account information is stored in the contactless chip as part of the contactless devices. The radio circuits can be activated and deactivated by the user for signal transmission using the controller through a mobile computing device.

6. 发明申请

US20140122293A1 SECURE COMMERCE WITHIN ELECTRONIC BANKING 审中-公开
标题翻译：电子银行安全商业
公开(公告)号：US20140122293A1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-01
申请号：US14150773
申请日：2014-01-09
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Donald Allen Bloodworth , Todd Raymond Nuzum , Prabhakar Tadepalli
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Donald Allen Bloodworth , Todd Raymond Nuzum , Prabhakar Tadepalli
IPC分类号： G06Q20/38 , G06Q20/12
CPC分类号： G06Q20/382 , G06Q20/12 , G06Q30/0239 , G06Q30/06 , G06Q40/02
摘要： Users perform in-application purchases when logged in to an electronic financial application. User funds are transferred into an intermediate account at the user's financial institution, and merchants are paid from a guaranteed account at a separate financial institution. Non-real-time settlement is performed between the intermediate account and the guaranteed account.
摘要翻译：登录电子金融应用程序时，用户执行应用程序内购买。用户资金转入用户金融机构的中间账户，商户从单独金融机构的担保账户支付。非实时结算在中间账户和担保账户之间执行。

7. 发明授权

US08410936B2 Contactless card that receives power from host device 有权
标题翻译：从主机设备接收电源的非接触式卡
公开(公告)号：US08410936B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-02
申请号：US13311247
申请日：2011-12-05
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty , Prabhakar Tadepalli
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty , Prabhakar Tadepalli
IPC分类号： G08B13/14
CPC分类号： G06K19/0723 , G06K19/0701 , G06K19/07732 , G06K19/07769 , G06Q20/204 , H04Q3/0025
摘要： A memory card compatible RFID card includes a smartcard controller that receives power from a host device. The RFID card also includes a small inductive device capable of inductive coupling with an RFID reader. The small inductive device is small enough to fit in the form factor of a memory card. Commands may be sent to the RFID card to keep the RFID card powered.
摘要翻译：存储卡兼容的RFID卡包括从主机设备接收电力的智能卡控制器。 RFID卡还包括能够与RFID读取器进行感应耦合的小型感应装置。小型感应装置足够小以适应存储卡的形状。可以将命令发送到RFID卡以保持RFID卡供电。

8. 发明申请

US20130043317A1 MOBILE PAYMENT DEVICE WITH SMALL INDUCTIVE DEVICE POWERED BY A HOST DEVICE 有权
标题翻译：具有由主机装置供电的小电感装置的移动支付装置
公开(公告)号：US20130043317A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-21
申请号：US13657846
申请日：2012-10-22
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty , Prabhakar Tadepalli
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty , Prabhakar Tadepalli
IPC分类号： G06K19/067
CPC分类号： G06K19/0723 , G06K19/0701 , G06K19/07732 , G06K19/07769 , G06Q20/204 , H04Q3/0025
摘要： A memory card compatible RFID card includes a smartcard controller that receives power from a host device. The RFID card also includes a small inductive device capable of inductive coupling with an RFID reader. The small inductive device is small enough to fit in the form factor of a memory card. Commands may be sent to the RFID card to keep the RFID card powered.
摘要翻译：存储卡兼容的RFID卡包括从主机设备接收电力的智能卡控制器。 RFID卡还包括能够与RFID读取器进行感应耦合的小型感应装置。小型感应装置足够小以适应存储卡的形状。可以将命令发送到RFID卡以保持RFID卡供电。

9. 发明申请

US20120276963A1 COUPLING AREA ENHANCEMENT APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD 有权
标题翻译：耦合区域增强装置，系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20120276963A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-01
申请号：US13097167
申请日：2011-04-29
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Saurav Chakraborty
IPC分类号： H04W88/02 , H01P11/00 , H05K9/00
CPC分类号： H01Q1/526 , G06K7/10178 , H01Q1/48 , H01Q7/00 , H04B5/0081 , Y10T29/49016
摘要： A coupling area enhancement device includes a small coil and a large coil on opposing sides of a sheet of electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorptive material. The coupling area enhancement device may include one or more holes and may include adhesive material and sticker covers. Placement of the coupling area enhancement device may be accomplished by sticking the small coil to a host device near a contactless antenna. The large coil may also be stuck to a battery cover.
摘要翻译：耦合区域增强装置包括在一片电磁干扰（EMI）吸收材料的相对侧上的小线圈和大线圈。联接区域增强装置可以包括一个或多个孔，并且可以包括粘合剂材料和贴纸盖。耦合区域增强装置的放置可以通过将小线圈粘附到非接触天线附近的主机装置来实现。大的线圈也可能被卡在电池盖上。

10. 发明授权

US08231061B2 Contactless device with miniaturized antenna 有权
标题翻译：具有小型化天线的非接触式设备
公开(公告)号：US08231061B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-31
申请号：US12710560
申请日：2010-02-23
申请人： Siva G. Narendra , Prabhakar Tadepalli
发明人： Siva G. Narendra , Prabhakar Tadepalli
IPC分类号： G06K19/06
CPC分类号： G06K19/07749 , G06K19/07779 , G06K19/07783 , G06K19/07784 , H01Q1/2225 , H01Q1/243 , H01Q7/00
摘要： A contactless device includes a miniaturized antenna. The antenna includes an inductive coupling element that presents a field coupling surface area to couple to a magnetic field. The inductive element may be made of layers where conductive loops are formed parallel to the layers or perpendicular to the layers. When conductive loops are formed perpendicular to the layers, the effective field coupling surface area is increased. The inductive element is positioned on an outside edge of a memory card compatible device with the field coupling surface area perpendicular to the card.
摘要翻译：非接触式装置包括小型化天线。天线包括电感耦合元件，其呈现场耦合表面积以耦合到磁场。电感元件可以由其中导电环平行于层或垂直于层形成导电环的层制成。当垂直于层形成导电环时，有效场耦合表面积增加。电感元件位于存储卡兼容设备的外边缘，其中场耦合表面面积垂直于卡。

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