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1. 发明授权

US06374264B1 Method and apparatus for detecting and recovering from data corruption of a database via read prechecking and deferred maintenance of codewords 有权
标题翻译：用于通过读取预检和代码字的延迟维护来检测和恢复数据库的数据损坏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06374264B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-16
申请号：US09207926
申请日：1998-12-09
申请人： Philip L. Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Philip L. Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1474 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method of detecting and recovering from data corruption of a database is characterized by the step of protecting data of the database with codewords, one codeword for each region of the database; and verifying that a codeword matches associated data before the data is read from the database to prevent transaction-carried corruption. A deferred maintenance scheme is recommended for the codewords protecting the database such that the method of detecting and recovering from data corruption of a database may comprise the steps of protecting data of the database with codewords, one codeword for each region of the database; and asynchronously maintaining the codewords to improve concurrency of the database. Moreover, the database may be audited by using the codewords and noting them in a table and protecting regions of the database with latches. Once codeword values are computed and checked against noted values in memory, a flush can cause codewords from outstanding log records to be applied to the stored codeword table.
摘要翻译：一种从数据库的数据损坏中检测和恢复的方法的特征在于利用码字保护数据库的数据的步骤，数据库的每个区域的一个码字; 并且在从数据库读取数据之前验证码字匹配相关联的数据以防止交易携带的损坏。对于保护数据库的代码字，建议使用延迟维护方案，以便检测和恢复数据库的数据损坏的方法可以包括以下代码字来保护数据库的数据的步骤，数据库的每个区域的一个代码字; 并且异步地维护码字以改善数据库的并发性。此外，可以通过使用码字来审核数据库，并在表中注明数据库，并用锁存器保护数据库的区域。一旦根据存储器中的标记值计算和检查码字值，则刷新可以使来自未完成的日志记录的码字被应用于存储的码字表。

2. 发明授权

US6122645A System and method for physically versioning data in a main memory database 失效
标题翻译：在主内存数据库中物理版本化数据的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US6122645A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US2635
申请日：1998-01-05
申请人： Philip L. Bohannon , Dennis W. Leinbaugh , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Philip L. Bohannon , Dennis W. Leinbaugh , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30309 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： For use with a database of data records organized into components, the database stored in a memory, a processing system for, and method of, physically versioning the database. In one embodiment, the processing system includes: (1) a component copier that creates a physical copy of an original component to be affected by an update transaction to be applied to the database, and that causes pointers in nodes of the physical copy to point to other nodes in the physical copy, (2) a data updater, associated with the component copier, that applies the update transaction to the physical copy to create therefrom a new physical version, the original component remaining unaffected by the update transaction and (3) a pointer updater, associated with the data updated, that employs an atomic word write to revise a component pointer, associated with the database, to cause the pointer to point to the new physical version.
摘要翻译：为了与组织成组件的数据记录的数据库一起使用，存储在内存中的数据库，处理系统以及对数据库进行物理版本化的方法。在一个实施例中，处理系统包括：（1）组件复印机，其创建将要被应用于数据库的更新事务影响的原始组件的物理副本，并且使物理副本的节点中的指针指向到物理副本中的其他节点，（2）与组件复印机相关联的数据更新器，将更新事务应用于物理副本以从其创建新的物理版本，原始组件不受更新事务的影响，（3 ）与更新的数据相关联的指针更新器，其使用原子字写入来修改与数据库相关联的组件指针，以使指针指向新的物理版本。

3. 发明授权

US6125371A System and method for aging versions of data in a main memory database 失效
标题翻译：主内存数据库中数据老化版本的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US6125371A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-26
申请号：US914744
申请日：1997-08-19
申请人： Philip L. Bohannon , Dennis W. Leinbaugh , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Philip L. Bohannon , Dennis W. Leinbaugh , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30309 , G06F2216/09 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： For use with a database of data records stored in a memory, a system and method for increasing a memory capacity and a memory database employing the system or the method. The system includes: (1) a time stamping controller that assigns a time stamp to transactions to be performed on the database, the time stamp operates to preserve an order of the transactions, (2) a versioning controller that creates multiple versions of ones of the data records affected by the transactions that are update transactions and (3) an aging controller, which is associated with each of the time stamping and versioning controllers, that monitors a measurable characteristic of the memory and deletes ones of the multiple versions of the ones of the data records in response to the time stamp and the measurable characteristic thereby to increase memory capacity.
摘要翻译：用于存储在存储器中的数据记录的数据库，用于增加存储器容量的系统和方法以及采用该系统或方法的存储器数据库。该系统包括：（1）时间戳控制器，为在数据库上执行的事务分配时间戳，时间戳操作以保持事务的顺序，（2）版本控制器，其创建多个版本的由更新事务的事务影响的数据记录和（3）与每个时间戳和版本控制器相关联的老化控制器，其监视存储器的可测量特性并删除其中的一个版本的数据记录，以响应于时间戳和可测量的特性，从而增加存储器容量。

4. 发明授权

US06449623B1 Method and apparatus for detecting and recovering from data corruption of a database via read logging 有权
标题翻译：用于通过读取记录来检测和恢复数据库的数据损坏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06449623B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09207927
申请日：1998-12-09
申请人： Philip L. Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Philip L. Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F11/1474 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method of detecting and recovering from data corruption of a database is characterized by the step of logging information about reads of a database in memory to detect errors in data of the database, wherein said errors in data of said database arise from one of bad writes of data to the database, of erroneous input of data to the database by users and of logical errors in code of a transaction. The read logging method may be implemented in a plurality of database recovery models including a cache-recovery model, a prior state model a redo-transaction model and a delete transaction model. In the delete transaction model, it is assumed that logical information is not available to allow a redo of transactions after a possible error and the effects of transactions that read corrupted data are deleted from history and any data written by a transaction reading Ararat data is treated as corrupted.
摘要翻译：从数据库的数据损坏中检测和恢复的方法的特征在于记录关于数据库在存储器中的读取的信息的步骤，以检测数据库的数据中的错误，其中所述数据库的数据中的错误来自坏写入之一的数据，数据由用户错误地输入到数据库以及事务代码中的逻辑错误。读取记录方法可以在包括高速缓存恢复模型，先前状态模型，重做事务模型和删除事务模型的多个数据库恢复模型中实现。在删除事务模型中，假设逻辑信息不可用于允许在可能的错误之后重做事务，并且从历史中删除读取损坏的数据的事务的影响，并且处理由读取Ararat数据的事务写入的任何数据被处理被破坏。

5. 发明授权

US5864849A System and method for restoring a multiple checkpointed database in view of loss of volatile memory 失效
标题翻译：考虑到易失性存储器的丢失，还原多个检查点数据库的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5864849A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-26
申请号：US767048
申请日：1996-12-16
申请人： Philip Lewis Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Philip Lewis Bohannon , Rajeev Rastogi , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： For use with an active database stored in volatile memory for direct revision thereof, the active database having multiple checkpoints and a stable log, having a tail stored in the volatile memory, for tracking revisions to the active database to allow corresponding revisions to be made to the multiple checkpoints, the active database subject to corruption, a system for, and method of, restoring the active database and a computer system containing the same. The system includes: (1) a checkpoint determination controller that determines which of the multiple checkpoints is a most recently completed checkpoint and copies the most recently completed checkpoint to the volatile memory to serve as an unrevised database for reconstructing the active database and (2) a revision application controller that retrieves selected ones of the revisions from the stable log and the tail and applies the revisions to the unrevised database thereby to restore the active database. In an advantageous embodiment, the applied revisions include log records at an operation level (lower level of abstration than transactions), and the revision application controller, using memory locks while restoring the active database, releases ones of the memory locks as a function of applying ones of the log records.
摘要翻译：为了与存储在易失性存储器中的活动数据库一起用于其直接修订，活动数据库具有多个检查点和稳定的日志，其具有存储在易失性存储器中的尾部，用于跟踪活动数据库的修订以允许相应的修订多个检查点，活动数据库受到破坏，恢复活动数据库的系统和方法以及包含该活动数据库的计算机系统。该系统包括：（1）检查点确定控制器，其确定多个检查点中的哪一个是最近完成的检查点，并将最近完成的检查点复制到易失性存储器，以用作用于重建活动数据库的未修改的数据库;以及（2）修订应用程序控制器，从稳定日志和尾部检索选定的修订版本，并将修订版本应用到未修改的数据库，从而恢复活动数据库。在有利的实施例中，所应用的修订包括在操作级别（比交易更低级别）的日志记录，以及在恢复活动数据库时使用存储器锁定的修订应用程序控制器，释放作为应用的函数的存储器锁一些日志记录。

6. 发明授权

US06363403B1 Garbage collection in object oriented databases using transactional cyclic reference counting 有权
标题翻译：使用事务循环引用计数的面向对象数据库中的垃圾收集
公开(公告)号：US06363403B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09345826
申请日：1999-06-30
申请人： Prasan Roy , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
发明人： Prasan Roy , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz , Sundararajarao Sudarshan
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F12/0261 , G06F17/30362 , G06F17/30368 , Y10S707/99944 , Y10S707/99957
摘要： A reference counting a garbage collection process employs a reference counting technique in which only the “last” detected strong pointer is followed to an object. Moreover, no assumptions are made about the phase locking used in the transaction and strict WAL is not followed. Indeed, a relatively restricted local traversal of the object graph is employed which leads to higher efficiency. Furthermore, in a client-server arrangement, updates made by a transaction running at the client may be reflected at the server after the transaction ends, and the updates are not required to be forced to the server before the end of the transaction.
摘要翻译：对垃圾收集过程进行计数的参考采用一种引用计数技术，其中只有“最后”检测到的强指针被跟随到对象。此外，没有对事务中使用的锁相进行假设，并且不遵循严格的WAL。实际上，采用对象图的相对受限的局部遍历，这导致更高的效率。此外，在客户端 - 服务器安排中，在事务结束之后，在客户机上运行的事务进行的更新可以在服务器处反映，并且在事务结束之前不需要将更新强制到服务器。

7. 发明授权

US5845292A System and method for restoring a distributed checkpointed database 失效
标题翻译：用于恢复分布式检查点数据库的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5845292A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-01
申请号：US766096
申请日：1996-12-16
申请人： Philip L. Bohannon , James Allen Parker , Rajeev Rastogi , Abraham Silberschatz
发明人： Philip L. Bohannon , James Allen Parker , Rajeev Rastogi , Abraham Silberschatz
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1469 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： For use with a central database associated with a server of a network, the central database having distributed counterparts stored in volatile memories of clients of the network to allow operations to be performed locally thereon, the central database further having multiple checkpoints and a stable log stored in the server for tracking operations on the central database to allow corresponding operations to be made to the multiple checkpoints, the stable log having tails stored in the volatile memories to track operations on corresponding ones of the distributed counterparts, the distributed counterparts to corruption, a system for, and method of, restoring a distributed counterpart stored in one of the volatile memories. The system includes: (1) a checkpoint determination controller that determines which of the multiple checkpoints is a most recently completed checkpoint and copies the most recently completed checkpoint to the one of the volatile memories to serve as an unrevised database for reconstructing the distributed counterpart and (2) an operation application controller that retrieves selected ones of the operations from the stable log and a tail corresponding to the distributed counterpart and applies the operations to the unrevised database thereby to restore the distributed counterpart.
摘要翻译：为了与与网络的服务器相关联的中央数据库使用，中央数据库具有存储在网络的客户端的易失性存储器中的分布的对等体，以允许在本地执行操作，中央数据库还具有多个检查点和稳定的日志存储在服务器中用于在中央数据库上跟踪操作以允许对多个检查点进行相应的操作，稳定日志具有存储在易失性存储器中的尾部，以跟踪对应的分布对等体的操作，分布的对等体到腐败，系统和恢复存储在一个易失性存储器中的分布式对方的方法。该系统包括：（1）检查点确定控制器，其确定多个检查点中的哪一个是最近完成的检查点，并将最近完成的检查点复制到易失性存储器中的一个，以用作用于重建分布式对等体的未修复数据库，（2）操作应用程序控制器，其从稳定日志中检索所选择的操作和对应于分发对方的尾部，并将操作应用于未修改的数据库，从而恢复分布的对等体。

8. 发明授权

US06502095B2 Timestamp-based system and method for serializing lazy updates in a distributed database 失效
标题翻译：基于时间戳的系统和方法，用于在分布式数据库中序列化延迟更新
公开(公告)号：US06502095B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-31
申请号：US09391988
申请日：1999-09-09
申请人： Yuri J. Breitbart , Raghavan V. Komondoor , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
发明人： Yuri J. Breitbart , Raghavan V. Komondoor , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/966 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： A system for, and method of, ensuring serialization of lazy updates in a distributed database described by a directed acyclic copy graph. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a timestamp module that creates a unique timestamp for each of the lazy updates and (2) a propagation module, associated with the timestamp module, that employs edges of the directed acyclic copy graph to propagate the lazy updates among replicas in the distributed database according to said unique timestamp and ensure the serialization.
摘要翻译：一种用于确保在由有向非循环复制图描述的分布式数据库中对延迟更新进行序列化的系统和方法。在一个实施例中，系统包括：（1）时间戳模块，其为每个延迟更新创建唯一的时间戳，以及（2）与时间戳模块相关联的传播模块，其使用有向非循环复制图的边缘来传播根据所述唯一的时间戳，分布式数据库中的副本之间的懒惰更新，并确保序列化。

9. 发明授权

US06697338B1 Determination of physical topology of a communication network 失效
标题翻译：确定通信网络的物理拓扑
公开(公告)号：US06697338B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-24
申请号：US09428419
申请日：1999-10-28
申请人： Yuri Breitbart , Minos N. Garofalakis , Clifford Eric Martin , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
发明人： Yuri Breitbart , Minos N. Garofalakis , Clifford Eric Martin , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
IPC分类号： H04L1228
CPC分类号： H04L41/12
摘要： Physical connectivity is determined between elements such as switches and routers in a multiple subnet communication network. Each element has one or more interfaces each of which is physically linked with an interface of another network element. Address sets are generated for each interface of the network elements, wherein members of a given address set correspond to network elements that can be reached from the corresponding interface for which the given address set was generated. The members of first address sets generated for corresponding interfaces of a given network element, are compared with the members of second address sets generated for corresponding interfaces of network elements other than the given element. A set of candidate connections between an interface of the given network element and one or more interfaces of other network elements, are determined. If more than one candidate connection is determined, connections with network elements that are in the same subnet as the given network element are eliminated from the set.
摘要翻译：在多个子网通信网络中的诸如交换机和路由器的元件之间确定物理连接性。每个元件具有一个或多个接口，每个接口与另一个网络元件的接口物理连接。为网络元件的每个接口生成地址集，其中给定地址集合的成员对应于可以从生成给定地址集的相应接口到达的网络元素。将给定网元的相应接口生成的第一地址集的成员与为给定元素以外的网元的相应接口生成的第二地址集的成员进行比较。确定给定网络元件的接口与其他网络元件的一个或多个接口之间的一组候选连接。如果确定了多个候选连接，则与组中与网络元素位于与给定网络元素相同的子网中的连接被消除。

10. 发明授权

US06381609B1 System and method for serializing lazy updates in a distributed database without requiring timestamps 有权
标题翻译：用于在分布式数据库中序列化延迟更新而不需要时间戳的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06381609B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09346798
申请日：1999-07-02
申请人： Yuri J. Breitbart , Raghavan V. Komondoor , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
发明人： Yuri J. Breitbart , Raghavan V. Komondoor , Rajeev Rastogi , Srinivasan Seshadri , Abraham Silberschatz
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F17/30356 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99944 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： A system for, and method of, ensuring serialization of lazy updates in a distributed database described by a directed acyclic copy graph. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a forest construction module that creates a forest having trees and edges from the directed acyclic copy graph and (2) a propagation module, associated with the forest construction module, that employs the edges of the forest to propagate the lazy updates among replicas in the distributed database and ensure the serialization.
摘要翻译：一种用于确保在由有向非循环复制图描述的分布式数据库中对延迟更新进行序列化的系统和方法。在一个实施例中，系统包括：（1）森林建设模块，其从有向非循环复制图形创建具有树和边缘的森林，以及（2）与森林建设模块相关联的传播模块，其使用森林在分布式数据库中传播复制品中的懒惰更新，并确保序列化。

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