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1. 发明授权

US06487354B1 Design of low insertion loss, single-mode polymeric waveguides 有权
标题翻译：低插入损耗单模聚合物波导的设计
公开(公告)号：US06487354B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09846699
申请日：2001-05-01
申请人： Paul M. Ferm , Kevin Battell , Lawrence W. Shacklette
发明人： Paul M. Ferm , Kevin Battell , Lawrence W. Shacklette
IPC分类号： G02B610
CPC分类号： G02B6/1221 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12107
摘要： The invention provides organic optical waveguide devices which are lithographically formed and employ polymeric materials having low propagation loss. An optical waveguide has a substrate; a polymeric buffer layer on a surface of the substrate; a thin, polymeric undercladding layer on a surface of the buffer layer; a pattern of a light-transmissive, polymeric core on the surface of the undercladding layer; and a polymeric overcladding layer on a top surface of the core and on sidewalls of the core and on a portion of the undercladding layer; the undercladding layer having a thickness of from about 10 percent to about 50 percent a thickness of the core. The core has an index of refraction nc which is greater than an index of refraction of the overcladding layer no and also greater than an index of refraction of the undercladding layer nu; wherein &Dgr;n=nc−no, and wherein the difference between nc and the index of refraction of the buffer nb is at least about 1.5 times &Dgr;n.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了光刻形成的有机光波导器件，并且使用具有低传播损耗的聚合材料。光波导具有基板; 在所述基底的表面上的聚合物缓冲层; 在缓冲层的表面上的薄的聚合物底层; 在下包层的表面上的透光聚合物芯的图案; 以及在所述芯的顶表面和所述芯的侧壁上和所述下包层的一部分上的聚合物外包层; 所述下包层具有芯的厚度的约10％至约50％的厚度。芯的折射率nc大于外包层no的折射率，并且大于下包层nu的折射率; 其中DELTAn = nc-no，并且其中nc和缓冲器nb的折射率之间的差异是DELTAn的至少约1.5倍。

2. 发明授权

US07011932B2 Polymer waveguide fabrication process 失效
公开(公告)号：US07011932B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-14
申请号：US09846697
申请日：2001-05-01
申请人： Paul M. Ferm , Kevin Battell , Karl W. Beeson , Macrae Maxfield , Deepti Pant , Lawrence W. Shacklette
发明人： Paul M. Ferm , Kevin Battell , Karl W. Beeson , Macrae Maxfield , Deepti Pant , Lawrence W. Shacklette
IPC分类号： G02B6/10
CPC分类号： G02B6/1221 , G02B6/13
摘要： The invention relates to a process a process for forming single-mode, organic waveguides employing organic polymeric materials. The process reduces dissolved and gaseous oxygen content to very low quantities, resulting in production of waveguides having superior properties and manufacturability. Also provided is a process for preventing loss of light due to cores having flared ends. A waveguide is produced by sequentially a layer of a liquid, photosensitive buffer and clad composition to a surface of a substrate; deoxygenating under vacuum; overall exposing under an inert gas actinic radiation to partially polymerize the compositions below a full curing. Coating a photosensitive core composition to the clad composition; deoxygenating under vacuum, covering with an inert gas atmosphere; positioning a photomask above, but not in contact with the core layer; imagewise exposing the core through a photomask pattern to actinic radiation to partially polymerize the core composition; developing core; coating a photosensitive overclad composition over the image areas of the core composition; deoxygenating under vacuum; overall exposing the overclad composition, under inert gas to actinic radiation to substantially fully cure the optional buffer composition, the underclad composition, the core composition and the clad composition.

3. 发明授权

US5462700A Process for making an array of tapered photopolymerized waveguides 失效
标题翻译：制造锥形光聚合波导阵列的方法
公开(公告)号：US5462700A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US148794
申请日：1993-11-08
申请人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm , Michael J. McFarland
发明人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm , Michael J. McFarland
IPC分类号： G03F7/028 , B29D11/00 , G02B5/04 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/13 , G03B21/62 , G03F7/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/1221 , B29D11/00663 , G02B5/045 , G02B6/10 , G03B21/625 , G03F7/00 , G02B2006/12195
摘要： The present invention is directed to a process for making an array of tapered photopolymerized waveguides. A photomask having opaque and transparent regions is placed in substantial contact with a substrate having a substantially uniform thickness of photopolymerizable mixture thereon. The photopolymerizable mixture is then exposed through the transparent regions of the photomask to substantially collimated actinic radiation for a time sufficient to form an array of tapered photopolymerized waveguides. The photomask and photopolymerizable mixture which was not substantially polymerized by the substantially collimated actinic radiation are then removed from the substrate. The tapered waveguides are useful as a display means in direct view devices and projection display devices.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种制造锥形光聚合波导阵列的方法。将具有不透明和透明区域的光掩模放置成与其上具有基本上均匀厚度的可光聚合混合物的基底基本接触。然后将可光聚合的混合物通过光掩模的透明区域暴露于基本准直的光化辐射一段足以形成锥形光聚合波导阵列的时间。然后将基本上准直的光化辐射基本上不聚合的光掩模和可光聚合的混合物从基材上除去。锥形波导可用作直视设备和投影显示设备中的显示装置。

4. 发明授权

US5696865A Optical waveguide having two or more refractive indices and method of manufacturing same 失效
$Optical waveguide having two or more refractive indices and method of manufacturing same$
标题翻译：具有两个或更多个折射率的光波导及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5696865A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US713978
申请日：1996-09-13
申请人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm
发明人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/13 , G02B27/09 , G03G5/00
CPC分类号： G02B27/0994 , G02B6/0281 , G02B6/03611 , G02B6/1221 , G02B6/1228 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12095 , G02B2006/12173 , G02B2006/12195 , Y10S385/901
摘要： An optical tapered waveguide for use as a single device or in optical arrays is described. The optical waveguide contains at least one inclusive structure. The inclusion may possess an abrupt refractive index interface within the body of the tapered optical waveguide or it may consist of a graded refractive index region within the tapered optical waveguide. Light travels through the entire waveguide structure via total internal reflection. The inclusion provides for a more uniform light distribution output and increases the definition of the image plane by altering the direction of the light rays passing through the waveguide.
摘要翻译：描述了用作单个装置或光学阵列的光学锥形波导。光波导包含至少一个包含的结构。夹杂物可以在锥形光波导的主体内具有突然的折射率界面，或者它可以由锥形光波导内的渐变折射率区域组成。光通过全内反射穿过整个波导结构。该夹杂物提供了更均匀的光分布输出，并且通过改变通过波导的光线的方向来增加图像平面的清晰度。

5. 发明授权

US5481385A Direct view display device with array of tapered waveguide on viewer side 失效
标题翻译：在观察器侧具有锥形波导阵列的直视显示装置
公开(公告)号：US5481385A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-02
申请号：US86414
申请日：1993-07-01
申请人： Scott M. Zimmerman , Karl W. Beeson , Michael J. McFarland , James T. Yardley , Paul M. Ferm
发明人： Scott M. Zimmerman , Karl W. Beeson , Michael J. McFarland , James T. Yardley , Paul M. Ferm
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335
CPC分类号： G02F1/133524
摘要： A direct view display including a light generating means for generating light, a modulating means for modulating light from said light generating means to form an image, and an image display means for displaying said image from said modulating means positioned adjacent to the light output surface of said modulating means, said display means comprising an array of tapered optical waveguides on a planar substrate the tapered end of each of said waveguides extending outward from said substrate and having a light input surface adjacent said substrate and a light output surface distal from said light input surface. The area of the light input surface of each waveguide is greater than the area of its light output surface, and the center-to-center distance between the light input surfaces of adjacent waveguides in said array is equal to the center-to-center distance between the light output surfaces thereof, so that the angular distribution of light emerging from the output surfaces of the waveguides is larger than the angular distribution of light entering the waveguides. Also, the waveguides in said array are separated by interstitial regions with a lower refractive index than the refractive index of said waveguides.
摘要翻译：一种包括用于产生光的发光装置的直视图显示器，用于调制来自所述光产生装置的光以形成图像的调制装置，以及用于显示所述图像从所述调制装置显示所述图像的图像显示装置，所述调制装置邻近所述光输出表面所述调制装置，所述显示装置包括在平面基板上的锥形光波导阵列，每个所述波导的锥形端从所述基板向外延伸并且具有与所述基板相邻的光输入表面和远离所述光输入的光输出表面表面。每个波导的光输入表面的面积大于其光输出表面的面积，并且所述阵列中相邻波导的光输入表面之间的中心到中心距离等于中心到中心距离在其光输出表面之间，使得从波导的输出表面出射的光的角分布大于进入波导的光的角分布。此外，所述阵列中的波导通过具有比所述波导的折射率更低的折射率的间隙区域分开。

6. 发明授权

US5396350A Backlighting apparatus employing an array of microprisms 失效
标题翻译：采用微棱镜阵列的背光装置
公开(公告)号：US5396350A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-07
申请号：US149219
申请日：1993-11-05
申请人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm
发明人： Karl W. Beeson , Scott M. Zimmerman , Paul M. Ferm
IPC分类号： F21V5/02 , F21V8/00 , G02B6/00 , G02F1/1335
CPC分类号： G02B6/0053 , F21V5/02 , F21Y2103/00
摘要： An improved backlighting apparatus comprising a slab waveguide that accepts light rays generated by a light source and transmits the light rays via total internal reflection. Attached on one face of the slab waveguide is an array of microprisms, with each microprism having an light input surface parallel to a light output surface and at least one sidewall tilted at an angle from the direction normal to the surface of the waveguide such that light rays escape from the slab waveguide, reflect off the tilted sidewall and emerge from the microprism as a light source substantially perpendicular to the light output surface. An array of microlenses may be positioned to accept the output of the microprisms so that the light exiting from the microlenses is substantially more perpendicular. The backlight apparatus is advantageously used as a backlighting means for flat panel electronic displays.
摘要翻译：一种改进的背光装置，包括平板波导，其接受由光源产生的光线并通过全内反射透射光线。连接在平板波导的一个面上的是微棱镜阵列，其中每个微棱镜具有平行于光输出表面的光输入表面和至少一个从垂直于波导表面方向倾斜的一个侧壁，使得光光线从平板波导中逃逸，反射出倾斜的侧壁并从微棱镜出射，作为基本垂直于光输出表面的光源。微透镜阵列可以被定位成接受微棱镜的输出，使得从微透镜出射的光基本上更垂直。背光装置有利地用作平板电子显示器的背光装置。

7. 发明授权

US06709755B2 Method of priming inorganic substrates with a silane-based primer composition 失效
标题翻译：用硅烷基底漆组合物引发无机基材的方法
公开(公告)号：US06709755B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-23
申请号：US10032838
申请日：2001-10-18
申请人： Paul M. Ferm , Robert R. Hancock, Jr. , Mark A. Lewis
发明人： Paul M. Ferm , Robert R. Hancock, Jr. , Mark A. Lewis
IPC分类号： B32B2520
CPC分类号： C08G77/20 , C09D4/00 , C09D183/08 , Y10T428/3154 , Y10T428/31612 , Y10T428/31663 , Y10T428/31667 , Y10T428/31855 , C08G77/26
摘要： The present invention is a surface treatment for inorganic substrates, using a primer solution to produce a thin film on a surface of an inorganic substrate thereby extending the shelf life of the inorganic coated substrate and enhancing bonding to a subsequently applied energy curable composition. The coated substrate can be used in a number of commercial applications, e.g., applying a polymer to the coated substrate.
摘要翻译：本发明是对无机基材进行表面处理，使用底漆溶液在无机基材的表面上制造薄膜，从而延长了无机涂布基材的保质期，并且增强了与随后施加的能量固化组合物的粘合。涂覆的基底可以用于许多商业应用中，例如将聚合物施加到涂覆的基底上。

8. 发明授权

US5598281A Backlight assembly for improved illumination employing tapered optical elements 失效
标题翻译：用于改进照明的背光组件采用锥形光学元件
公开(公告)号：US5598281A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-28
申请号：US203232
申请日：1993-11-19
申请人： Scott M. Zimmerman , Karl W. Beeson , Paul M. Ferm
发明人： Scott M. Zimmerman , Karl W. Beeson , Paul M. Ferm
IPC分类号： F21V8/00 , G02F1/1335 , G02F1/13357 , G09F9/00
CPC分类号： G02F1/133606 , G02F1/133524 , G02F2001/133607
摘要： An improved backlight assembly comprising an array of apertures in close proximity to a light source, an array of tapered optical elements that have a light input surface area smaller than the light output surface area. Light rays pass through the apertures and are directed to the optical elements which transmit the light rays via internal reflection to provide a partially collimated light source. The light rays then pass through an array of microlenses that transmit the light rays via refraction and provide a substantially more collimated light source for the display elements of a display. The backlight assembly is advantageously used as a backlighting means for electro-optical displays, especially those designed for military and avionics applications.
摘要翻译：一种改进的背光组件，包括靠近光源的孔阵列，具有小于光输出表面积的光输入表面积的锥形光学元件阵列。光线穿过孔并且被引导到通过内部反射透射光线的光学元件以提供部分准直的光源。然后光线穿过通过折射传输光线的微透镜阵列，并为显示器的显示元件提供基本上更准确的光源。背光组件有利地用作电光显示器的背光装置，特别是用于军事和航空电子应用的那些。

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