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1. 发明授权

US4372754A Ignition system for coal gasifier 失效
标题翻译：煤气化炉点火系统
公开(公告)号：US4372754A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-08
申请号：US97593
申请日：1979-11-26
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wilhelm Danguillier , Karl Peter , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl , Peter Schnitzler
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wilhelm Danguillier , Karl Peter , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl , Peter Schnitzler
IPC分类号： C10J3/48 , F23Q9/04 , C10J3/68
CPC分类号： F23Q9/04 , C10J3/46 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/506 , C10J3/526 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/845 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , Y10S48/02
摘要： An ignition burner and a pilot burner form part of an ignition system for a fluidized stream of finely-divided coal particles in a pressurized gasifier housing having a slag overflow pipe coupled to a discharge vessel. A fuel supply pipe delivers fuel for combustion by the ignition burner and the pilot burner. A sparkplug or hot wire is used to ignite the fuel delivered to the ignition burner. The flame produced by the ignition burner is widened by a baffle so that ignition by the pilot burner occurs to produce a flame which is monitored through a thermocouple. The parts forming the ignition system are carried by a pair of levers with pivots on the inner wall of a slag overflow pipe for movement between an operative position wherein the ignition burner is situated near the slag-receiving opening of the overflow pipe and an inoperative position wherein the ignition burner is protected from contact by slag and radiation heating. The ignition burner moves within substantially only one plane extending through the centerline of said slag overflow pipe.
摘要翻译：点火燃烧器和引燃燃烧器形成了一个点火系统的一部分，用于在加压气化器壳体中的细碎煤颗粒的流化物流，其具有联接到放电容器的炉渣溢流管。燃料供应管通过点火燃烧器和引燃燃烧器输送用于燃烧的燃料。火花塞或热丝用于点燃输送到点火燃烧器的燃料。由点火燃烧器产生的火焰被挡板加宽，使得引燃燃烧器发生点火，产生通过热电偶监测的火焰。形成点火系统的部件由在炉渣溢流管的内壁上具有枢轴的一对杆承载，用于在点火式燃烧器位于溢流管的炉渣接收开口附近的操作位置和不工作位置之间移动其中点火燃烧器被防止熔渣和辐射加热接触。点火燃烧器基本上仅在延伸穿过炉渣溢流管的中心线的一个平面内移动。

2. 发明授权

US4049570A Method and apparatus for removing vapors and aerosols from gases produced in a gasification plant 失效
标题翻译：用于从气化设备中产生的气体中除去蒸汽和气溶胶的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US4049570A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-20
申请号：US601266
申请日：1975-08-04
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl , Wilhelm Danguillier
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl , Wilhelm Danguillier
IPC分类号： C10J3/02 , B01D50/00 , B01D51/00 , B01D51/10 , B01D53/04 , B01D53/34 , B01D53/81 , C01B3/00 , C01B3/56 , C10G9/00 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/00 , C10K1/02 , C10K1/04 , C01B2/02 , C10B49/14
CPC分类号： C10K1/00 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0969 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , Y02E60/324 , Y02P20/129
摘要： The high temperature gasification of solid fuel or mixtures of solid and liquid fuels is carried out by a method and apparatus wherein the gasified product from a high temperature gasification chamber having a slag bath therein is fed into a first dust collector. Gases, including vapors or aerosols, are fed from the dust collector into a waste heat boiler to reduce the temperature of the gases down to about 250.degree. C. The solids which essentially include flue coke are discharged from the dust collector into a separate heat exchanger wherein the temperature of the solids is reduced down to about 200.degree. C. The cooled solids and the cooled gases are fed into an absorption chamber wherein for a period of 1 to 10 seconds, the aerosols are absorbed into the flue coke. The absorption chamber is connected to a second dust collector that separates the gases from the flue coke having the absorbed aerosols. The purified gases are then discharged from the second dust collector and the flue coke with the absorbed aerosols is returned to the slag bath in the gasification chamber.
摘要翻译：固体燃料或固体和液体燃料的混合物的高温气化通过一种方法和装置进行，其中将来自其中具有炉渣浴的高温气化室的气化产物进料到第一集尘器中。包括蒸汽或气溶胶在内的气体从集尘器进料到废热锅炉中以将气体的温度降低至约250℃。基本上包括烟道焦炭的固体从集尘器排出到单独的热交换器其中固体的温度降低至约200℃。将冷却的固体和冷却的气体进料到吸收室中，其中持续1至10秒的时间，气溶胶被吸收到烟道焦炭中。吸收室连接到第二集尘器，其将具有吸收的气溶胶的烟道焦炭的气体分离。净化后的气体从第二集尘器排出，烟气焦炭与吸收的气溶胶一起返回到气化室中的渣槽。

3. 发明授权

US4159447A System for detecting faults in the wall of a high-temperature pressure vessel 失效
标题翻译：用于检测高温压力容器壁内故障的系统
公开(公告)号：US4159447A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US835945
申请日：1977-09-22
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/48 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , G01R31/02 , B01J3/00 , G01K11/06
CPC分类号： C10J3/78 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/08 , C10J3/20 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/86 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1823
摘要： A system for detecting faults in the wall of a high-temperature pressure vessel, such as a fuel gasifier. The wall comprises an outer metallic shell having an inner refractory lining, together with cooling tubes extending along the refractory lining. In order to detect a fault, such as a rupture in a cooling tube and resultant melting of the refractory in the vicinity of the fault, one or more electrical conductors are embedded in the refractory and connected at their opposite ends to an external energizing circuit such that when the refractory melts, so also will the conductor, thereby breaking the circuit to indicate the existence of the fault.
摘要翻译：一种用于检测诸如燃料气化器的高温压力容器的壁中的故障的系统。该壁包括具有内部耐火衬里的外部金属壳，以及沿着耐火衬里延伸的冷却管。为了检测故障，例如冷却管中的断裂和故障附近的耐火材料的熔化，一个或多个电导体嵌入耐火材料中并在其相对端连接到外部通电电路当耐火材料熔化时，导体也会因此断开电路，以指示故障的存在。

4. 发明授权

US4098324A Water-cooled, high-temperature gasifier and method for its operation 失效
标题翻译：水冷式高温气化炉及其运行方法
公开(公告)号：US4098324A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US746400
申请日：1976-12-01
申请人： Joachim Kummel , Heinz Dressen , Wilhelm Danguillier , Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Joachim Kummel , Heinz Dressen , Wilhelm Danguillier , Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/76 , F22B1/00
CPC分类号： F28D7/0041 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/76 , C10J3/78 , F28D15/00 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , F28F2265/10 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A system for cooling high-temperature gasifiers and method for its operation wherein cooling conduits extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected at their ends to a closed-water circulation system which incorporates heat exchangers for removing heat from the system. Boiling in the system is prevented, and good heat transfer characteristics are achieved, by maintaining a high pressure system, at least 40 bar, coupled with a flow velocity of between 5 and 7 meters per second at a maximum internal diameter of the cooling conduits of 51 millimeters. Means are provided for maintaining the temperature of the water exiting from the cooling conduits at least 10.degree. C below the boiling point at the pressure and flow rate of the system.The cooling tubes in the walls of the gasifier are covered by a ramming compound of refractory material held in place by expanded metal or mesh which curves around each tube but is spaced therefrom and welded to webs interconnecting the tubes in a gas-tight wall. The expanded metal supports the ramming compound but at the same time does not come into direct contact with the tube walls and thus eliminates points of maximum thermal loading where boiling might occur.
摘要翻译：一种用于冷却高温气化器的系统及其操作方法，其中冷却管道垂直延伸穿过气化器的壁并且在其端部连接到闭合水循环系统，所述闭合水循环系统包括用于从系统移除热量的热交换器。通过保持至少40巴的高压系统与每秒钟5至7米之间的流速相连，在该冷却管道的最大内径处，可以防止系统中的沸腾，并实现良好的传热特性 51毫米。提供的装置用于在系统的压力和流速下将从冷却导管排出的水的温度保持在沸点以下至少10℃。

5. 发明授权

US4013427A Slag bath generator 失效
标题翻译：炉渣发电机
公开(公告)号：US4013427A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-22
申请号：US642899
申请日：1975-12-22
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Siegfried Pohl , Wilhelm Danguillier , Wolfgang Grams
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Siegfried Pohl , Wilhelm Danguillier , Wolfgang Grams
IPC分类号： C04B5/00 , C10J3/57 , C21B3/06 , C21B3/08 , F27D15/00 , C10J3/46 , C10J3/48
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/86 , C21B3/06 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0976 , Y02P20/129 , Y02W30/543 , Y10S48/02
摘要： A method and apparatus for gasifying fine-grained fuel, e.g., coal and a gasifying medium, e.g., oxygen in a slag bath generator. The fine-grained fuel and gasifying medium are injected at a downwardly-inclined angle to tangentially impinge with a turbulent rotary motion upon a slag bath in the lower end of a vertically-extending reactor shaft within a pressure vessel. A desired slag bath level is maintained in the bottom of the vessel by using an overflow to discharge slag from the bath through the bottom of the vessel. A first treatment zone for the high temperature gasification of the fuel is formed between the slag bath and a circular constriction to the reactor shaft. A second treatment zone for the final gasification of the fuel at a lower temperature as compared with the temperature in the first treatment zone extends above the circumferential constriction along the reactor shaft. Fuel and gases passing through the circumferential constriction are essentially free of a turbulent rotary motion. A third treatment zone for cooling the fuel and gases discharged from the top end of the reactor shaft is formed by a cupola. Solids are separated in a hot cyclone from the gases discharged from the cupola. The solids are injected together with additional fine-grained fuel into the first treatment zone. A cooling medium is injected into the cupola to facilitate the cooling process therein.
摘要翻译：气化微细燃料的方法和装置，例如煤和气化介质，例如渣槽发生器中的氧气。细粒度燃料和气化介质以向下倾斜的角度注入，以在压力容器内的垂直延伸的反应器轴的下端中的渣槽上以湍流旋转运动切向冲击。通过使用溢流将期望的炉渣水平保持在容器的底部，以通过容器的底部从熔池排出炉渣。用于燃料高温气化的第一处理区在炉渣槽和反应器轴的圆形收缩之间形成。与第一处理区域的温度相比，用于在较低温度下燃料的最终气化的第二处理区域沿着反应器轴延伸到周向收缩部之上。通过周向收缩的燃料和气体基本上没有紊流旋转运动。用于冷却从反应器轴的顶端排出的燃料和气体的第三处理区域由冲天炉形成。固体在热旋风分离器中与从圆屋顶排出的气体分离。将固体与另外的细粒燃料一起注入第一处理区。将冷却介质注入到冲天炉中以便于其中的冷却过程。

6. 发明授权

US4157244A Gas-cooling method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：气体冷却方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4157244A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-05
申请号：US884677
申请日：1978-03-08
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/46 , C10J3/20 , B01J3/00
CPC分类号： C10J3/20 , C10J3/30 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/86 , C10J2200/152 , C10J2300/093
摘要： A stream of hot primary gas rising from the gasification region in a slag bath generator passes through an after-gasification region and thence into a cooling region. The stream of hot gas is cooled in the cooling region by injecting purified and cooled primary gas through tangentially-arranged nozzles at an outlet velocity of between 1 and 8 meters per second. Below the tangentially-arranged nozzles, other gas-cooling nozzles inject cooled and purified primary gas into the hot gas stream upwardly at an angle within 10.degree.-60.degree. , preferably at 45.degree. and at an outlet velocity of between 10 and 160 meters per second. The upwardly-inclined gas injection nozzles are carried by the inner wall of an annular duct. The inner wall extends between a lining of cooling tubes surrounding the vertical gas flow space.
摘要翻译：从渣槽发生器中的气化区域上升的热一次气流通过后气化区域，从而进入冷却区域。通过以1到8米/秒的出口速度通过切向排列的喷嘴注入纯化和冷却的初级气体，在冷却区域中冷却热气流。在切向排列的喷嘴下面，其他气体冷却喷嘴将冷却和纯化的初级气体以10°-60°，优选45°和10至160m之间的出口速度向上倾斜到热气流中第二。向上倾斜的气体注入喷嘴由环形管道的内壁承载。内壁在围绕垂直气流空间的冷却管的内衬之间延伸。

7. 发明授权

US4073628A Control system for apparatus to gasify fine-grain fuels in a reactor 失效
标题翻译：用于在反应器中气化细粒燃料的装置的控制系统
公开(公告)号：US4073628A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-14
申请号：US746245
申请日：1976-12-01
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/46 , B01J19/00 , C10J3/50 , B01J3/00
CPC分类号： C10J3/723 , C10J3/50 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , Y10S48/02 , Y10S48/04
摘要： Fine-grain fuel is delivered from pressure vessels with a vehicle gas as a fluidized flow into a reactor for gasification at an elevated pressure. A gaseous gasification agent is also fed into the reactor. A control system for the fine-grain fuel and gasification agent includes detectors to provide an electrical signal which varies during feeding of fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor. Controllers produce a fuel rate control signal corresponding to a comparison between the electrical signal from the detectors and a predetermined reference value corresponding to the desired fuel supply rate. Control valves respond to the fuel rate control signal to adjust the supply of vehicle gas to transfer fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor. When a plurality of pressure vessels is used, then separate detectors, controllers and control valves form part of a control system which further includes computing means to provide a summation signal corresponding to the output signals from the various detectors. The summation signal is used by the various controllers for adjusting the control valves associated with each pressure vessel. A further controller produces a gasification agent control signal in response to a comparison between the summation signal and a predetermined reference value corresponding to a desired supply rate of gasification agent into the reactor. A control valve is operated in response to the gasification agent control signal. The control system further includes a gas analyzer responsive to the gaseous product from the reactor to monitor the supply of gasification agent into the reactor and adjust the supply thereof to the reactor.
摘要翻译：细粒燃料从压力容器输送，车辆气体作为流化流进入反应器，以在升高的压力下气化。还将气态气化剂进料到反应器中。用于细粒燃料和气化剂的控制系统包括检测器，用于提供在从压力容器进入反应器的燃料供给期间变化的电信号。控制器产生对应于来自检测器的电信号与对应于期望燃料供应速率的预定参考值之间的比较的燃料速率控制信号。控制阀响应于燃料速率控制信号以调节车辆气体的供应以将燃料从压力容器传送到反应器中。当使用多个压力容器时，分离的检测器，控制器和控制阀构成控制系统的一部分，该控制系统还包括计算装置，以提供对应于来自各种检测器的输出信号的求和信号。求和信号由各种控制器用于调节与每个压力容器相关联的控制阀。响应于加和信号与对应于进入反应器的气化剂的期望供应速率的预定参考值之间的比较，另一个控制器产生气化剂控制信号。响应于气化剂控制信号操作控制阀。控制系统还包括气体分析仪，其响应来自反应器的气态产物，以监测气化剂供应到反应器中并调节其供应到反应器。

8. 发明授权

US4043766A Slag bath generator 失效
标题翻译：炉渣发电机
公开(公告)号：US4043766A
公开(公告)日：1977-08-23
申请号：US735180
申请日：1976-10-26
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C21B3/08 , C10J3/57 , F27D15/00 , C10J3/30
CPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , C10J2200/152 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , Y10S48/02
摘要： Nozzles introduce jet streams of fine-grain fuel and a gasification medium downwardly toward the surface of a slag bath at the bottom of a cylindrical reactor shaft within a vessel to impinge upon the surface of liquid slag which is discharged through a centrally-arranged overflow in the bottom of the vessel. The nozzles are arranged at an angle within a range of 35.degree. to 40.degree. with respect to the horizontal and positioned so that the jet streams impinge upon the surface of the slag at points defined by a plurality of concentric circles with respect to the overflow to circulate and produce a resulting movement of the liquid slag toward the overflow while maintaining a high temperature and homogeneous slag bath. The nozzles are further positioned so that an angle of about 10.degree. is defined between each jet stream and a vertical tangential plane to the concentric circle at the point where the jet stream impinges. A pressure of about 25 atmospheres is maintained within the reactor and the exit velocity of the jet stream from the nozzles is between 20 and 50 meters per second, preferably 40 meters per second.
摘要翻译：喷嘴将细粒燃料和气化介质的喷射流向容器内的圆柱形反应器轴的底部的炉渣槽的表面向下引入，以撞击通过中心布置的溢流排出的液体渣的表面船底。喷嘴相对于水平面以35°至40°的角度布置，并且定位成使得喷射流相对于溢流器由多个同心圆限定的点撞击在炉渣的表面上在保持高温和均匀的渣槽的同时循环并产生液态炉渣向溢流器的移动。这些喷嘴被进一步定位成使得在每个喷射流和在射流撞击的点处的同心圆的垂直切向平面之间限定约10°的角度。在反应器内保持约25个大气压，并且来自喷嘴的喷射流的出口速度为20至50米/秒，优选为40米/秒。

9. 发明授权

US4102674A Method for hardening iron ore pellets 失效
标题翻译：硬化铁矿石颗粒的方法
公开(公告)号：US4102674A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-25
申请号：US766262
申请日：1977-02-07
申请人： Kurt Osterloh , Karl Peter , Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Christian Hundeshagen , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Kurt Osterloh , Karl Peter , Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Christian Hundeshagen , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/57 , C22B1/24 , C22B1/14
CPC分类号： C22B1/2413 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/76 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/1253
摘要： Iron ore pellets on a grid in a treatment chamber are hardened by contact with a heat treated, low calorific gas. The gas is generated in the gasification chamber of a slag bath generator. The generator receives a gasification agent and solid fuel that preferably further includes sulfur-binding materials, such as dolomite for generating a stream of low calorific gas. Inclined water-cooled pipes at the upper end of the slag bath generator extract liquid slag from the gas stream. The slag drips from the pipes into the slag bath generator. A mixing chamber receives the gas at a temperature of about 1450.degree. C passed beyond the inclined water-cooled pipes together with an air supply for heat treating the gas to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. The heat treated gas is then passed into the treatment chamber for hardening the iron ore pellets contained therein.
摘要翻译：处理室中的格栅上的铁矿石颗粒通过与热处理的低热气体接触来硬化。在渣槽发生器的气化室中产生气体。发电机接收气化剂和固体燃料，其优选还包括硫结合材料，例如用于产生低热气流的白云石。渣槽发生器上端的倾斜水冷管道从气流中提取液体渣。渣从管道滴入炉渣发生器。混合室在温度约1450℃下接收超过倾斜水冷管道的气体，以及用于将气体热处理至约1100℃的空气供应源。然后将热处理气体通入处理室，用于硬化其中所含的铁矿石颗粒。

10. 发明授权

US4049394A Control system for a coal gasification plant 失效
标题翻译：煤气化设备控制系统
公开(公告)号：US4049394A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-20
申请号：US746244
申请日：1976-12-01
申请人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
发明人： Paul Gernhardt , Wolfgang Grams , Wilhelm Danguillier , Siegfried Pohl
IPC分类号： C10J3/54 , B01J4/00 , C09B29/36 , C10J3/50 , B01J3/00
CPC分类号： C10J3/723 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/57 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0959
摘要： A control system maintains a predetermined volumetric ratio between fine-particle fuel and a gasification agent which are fed separately into a reactor wherein the fuel is gasified under pressure. The control system includes a first measuring means responsive to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the fine-particle fuel in a fuel-feed line for producing a fuel-feed signal corresponding to the volumetric amount of fuel conducted by the line. A vehicle gas-feed signal is produced by a second measuring means in response to the volumetric amount of vehicle gas conducted by a line into the fuel-feed line for admixture with the fuel therein. Computing means is responsive to the fuel-feed signal and the vehicle gas-feed signal to produce a control signal according the expression:U.sub.1 . (U.sub.2 - U.sub.v)for all values of U.sub.2 greater than U.sub.v where U.sub.1 corresponds to the reciprocal of the fuel-feed signal, U.sub.2 corresponds to the vehicle gas-feed signal and U.sub.v is a predetermined comparison signal constant. Control valves respond to the control signal to vary the volumetric amount of fuel and gasification agent introduced into the reactor.
摘要翻译：控制系统将细颗粒燃料和气化剂之间的预定体积比维持在单独进料到反应器中，其中燃料在压力下气化。控制系统包括第一测量装置，其响应于燃料供给管线中的微粒燃料对电磁辐射的吸收，用于产生对应于由管线传导的燃料的体积量的燃料供给信号。车辆气体供给信号由第二测量装置响应于通过燃料供给管线进入燃料供给管线的车辆气体的体积量而与其中的燃料混合而产生。计算装置响应于燃料供给信号和车辆气体供给信号，以根据以下表达式产生控制信号：

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