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1. 发明授权

US4615775A Electrolysis cell and method of generating halogen 失效
标题翻译：电解槽和卤素的生成方法
公开(公告)号：US4615775A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-07
申请号：US490515
申请日：1983-05-02
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Gian N. Martelli
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Gian N. Martelli
IPC分类号： C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/10 , C25B1/26
CPC分类号： C25B9/08 , C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/10
摘要： Halogen is produced by electrolyzing an aqueous halide in a specially designed cell. The cell comprises an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber separated by a permeable membrane or diaphragm, notably an ion exchange (generally cation exchange) polymer. At least one electrode comprises at least two sections. One section comprises a gas and electrolyte permeable layer, sheet or mat having a catalytic surface, i.e. one having a low overvoltage, (low hydrogen overvoltage if the cathode and low halogen overvoltage if the anode). This layer is spaced from the membrane by a second portion comprising an electroconductive resiliently compressible layer or mat, which is in contact with the membrane on one side thereof, the other side thereof being in contact with the main cathode.This second or spacer section advantageously has an electrode surface having a higher overvoltage than the first electrode surface. Preferably the cathode has the above construction.Upon electrolysis of alkali metal chloride or other halide in such a cell and with a cathode of the type described above, a low voltage is obtained even at high current densities and the cathode efficiency is high.
摘要翻译：卤素通过在专门设计的电池中电解卤化物水溶液而产生。电池包括由可渗透膜或隔膜分开的阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室，特别是离子交换（通常为阳离子交换）聚合物。至少一个电极包括至少两个部分。一个部分包括气体和电解质可渗透层，具有催化表面的片材或垫，即具有低过电压的片材或垫片（如果阴极和低卤素过电压（如果阳极，则为低氢过电压））。该层与膜间隔开第二部分，该第二部分包括导电弹性可压缩层或垫，该导电弹性可压缩层或垫在其一侧与膜接触，其另一侧与主阴极接触。该第二或间隔部分有利地具有比第一电极表面更高的过电压的电极表面。阴极优选具有上述结构。在这种电池中和碱金属氯化物或其他卤化物电解时，即使在高电流密度下也能获得低电压，阴极效率高。

2. 发明授权

US4468311A Electrolysis cell 失效
标题翻译：电解池
公开(公告)号：US4468311A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-28
申请号：US382691
申请日：1982-05-27
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Gian N. Martelli
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Gian N. Martelli
IPC分类号： C25B9/00 , C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/10 , C25B11/02 , C25B13/08 , C25B11/03 , C25B11/12 , C25B15/08
CPC分类号： C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/08
摘要： A cell is provided having an anode and cathode separated by an ion permeable membrane or diaphragm wherein an electrode layer is bonded to or otherwise embedded in on at least one and usually to both sides of the membrane. Polarity is imparted to a bonded or embedded electrode by pressing a crinkled resiliently compressible fabric against the membrane carrying the electrode layer. This fabric is substantially coextensive with the electrode layer and is constructed so that when compressed it exerts a substantially uniform elastic reaction pressure against the membrane carrying the electrode layer or a pliable foraminous sheet, i.e. screen, interposed between the membrane carrying the electrode layer and the resiliently compressible fabric. The resiliently compressible fabric has the ability of also transmitting pressure laterally so that pressure applied may distribute across the entire area of the layer and tendency to have local areas of too low of too high pressure is minimized or reduced.Chlorine or other halogen is produced by feeding an aqueous alkali metal halide or aqueous hydrogen halide to the anode chamber. Alkali is produced in the cathode chamber and withdrawn.
摘要翻译：提供具有由离子可渗透膜或隔膜隔开的阳极和阴极的电池，其中电极层与膜的至少一个并且通常到两侧结合或以其它方式嵌入在膜的至少一个并且通常到两侧。通过将皱缩的弹性可压缩织物压靠在承载电极层的膜上而将粘合或嵌入电极赋予极性。该织物与电极层基本上共同延伸，并且被构造成使得当被压缩时，其对承载电极层的膜或柔性多孔片（即屏幕）施加基本上均匀的弹性反应压力，所述膜介于带有电极层的膜和弹性可压缩织物。弹性可压缩织物具有横向传递压力的能力，使得施加的压力可以分布在层的整个区域上，并且具有太低压力的局部区域的最小化或减小的趋势。氯或其它卤素通过将碱金属卤化物水溶液或卤水水溶液加入到阳极室来制备。碱在阴极室中产生并被抽出。

3. 发明授权

US4548697A Low oxygen overvoltage lead anodes 失效
公开(公告)号：US4548697A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-22
申请号：US568766
申请日：1984-01-06
申请人： Antonio Nidola , Oronzio de Nora
发明人： Antonio Nidola , Oronzio de Nora
IPC分类号： C25B11/04 , C25B11/06 , C25C7/02 , C25B11/00
CPC分类号： C25C7/02 , C25B11/04
摘要： Anodes made of lead or lead alloys, used for the evolution of oxygen from sulphuric acid solutions, particularly in metal electrowinning processes, are made more catalytic by treating them in an oxidizing bath of hydrated molten salts, in particular comprising highly oxidizing persalts or nitrates, of cobalt, iron and nickel.After treatment, the anodes exhibit an extraordinary low oxygen overvoltage and allow a considerable saving of energy in comparison with untreated anodes.

4. 发明授权

US5344530A Metal anodes for electrolytic acid solutions containing fluorides or fluoroanionic complexes 失效
标题翻译：含有氟化物或氟代阴离子络合物的电解酸溶液的金属阳极
公开(公告)号：US5344530A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US55210
申请日：1993-04-29
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Carlo Traini , Ulderico Nevosi
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Carlo Traini , Ulderico Nevosi
IPC分类号： C25C1/18 , C25C7/02 , C25C1/00 , C25C1/10 , C25C1/14
CPC分类号： C25C1/18 , C25C7/02
摘要： The present invention relates to metal anodes for oxygen evolution from solutions containing fluorides or artionic fluorocomplexes such as tetrafluoroborates and hexafluorosilicates, the anodes having a metal substrate or matrix selected in the group comprising nickel-copper alloys with a copper content in the range of 2.5 and 30% by weight, tungsten or tantalum, niobium or titanium, combinations thereof or alloys of the same with palladium, nickel or yttrium. The anodes further comprise electrocatalytic compounds for oxygen evolution dispersed in the metal matrix. In the case of nickel- copper alloys, useful electrocatalytic compounds are cerium or tin dioxides, with suitable additives, while for tungsten, cobalt added with nickel, iron, copper or palladium may be used. The same electrocatalytic compounds may be advantageously applied to said metal substrate or matrix in the form of a coating using the conventional technique of thermal decomposition of paints containing suitable precursors or by thermal deposition such as plasma-spray.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及从含有氟化物或挥发性氟化合物如四氟硼酸盐和六氟硅酸盐的溶液中产生的用于产生氧的金属阳极，所述阳极具有选自铜含量在2.5的镍 - 铜合金中的金属基体或基体， 30重量％的钨或钽，铌或钛，它们的组合或其与钯，镍或钇的合金。阳极还包含用于分散在金属基质中的析氧的电催化化合物。在镍铜合金的情况下，有用的电催化化合物是铈或锡二氧化物，具有合适的添加剂，而对于钨，可以使用添加有镍，铁，铜或钯的钴。使用常规的含有合适前体的涂料的热分解技术或通过热沉积如等离子体喷涂，可以将相同的电催化化合物有利地以涂层形式施加到所述金属基材或基质上。

5. 发明授权

US4604173A Low oxygen overvoltage lead anodes 失效
标题翻译：低氧过电压铅阳极
公开(公告)号：US4604173A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-05
申请号：US763384
申请日：1985-08-07
申请人： Antonio Nidola , Oronzio de Nora
发明人： Antonio Nidola , Oronzio de Nora
IPC分类号： C25B11/04 , C25B11/06 , C25C7/02 , C25C1/00 , C25B1/02
CPC分类号： C25C7/02 , C25B11/04
摘要： Anodes made of lead or lead alloys, used for the evolution of oxygen from sulphuric acid solutions, particularly in metal electrowinning processes, are made more catalytic by treating them in an oxidizing bath of hydrated molten salts, in particular comprising highly oxidizing persalts or nitrates, of cobalt, iron and nickel.After treatment, the anodes exhibit an extraordinary low oxygen overvoltage and allow a considerable saving of energy in comparison with untreated anodes.
摘要翻译：特别是在金属电解提取工艺中，用于从硫酸溶液中逸出氧的铅或铅合金阳极通过在水合熔融盐的氧化浴中处理它们，特别是包括高度氧化的渗透或硝酸盐而被更加催化，的钴，铁和镍。处理后，阳极表现出非凡的低氧过电压，并且与未处理的阳极相比，能够显着节省能量。

6. 发明授权

US5464507A Process for the electrolytic deposition of metals 失效
标题翻译：金属电解沉积工艺
公开(公告)号：US5464507A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US296090
申请日：1994-08-25
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Ulderico Nevosi , Carlo Traini
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola , Ulderico Nevosi , Carlo Traini
IPC分类号： C25B11/06 , C25B1/02 , C25B1/24 , C25C1/18 , C25C7/02 , C25C1/22 , C25C1/14
CPC分类号： C25C1/18 , C25C7/02
摘要： A process for the electrolytic recovery of metals from solutions containing metal ions and fluorides and/or anionic flurocomplexes in diaphragmless cells wherein the deposition of the metals at the cathodes and the oxygen evolution at the anodes is effected, the improvement comprising the use of insoluble anodes made of sintered powders of doped tin dioxide optionally provided with coating of zirconyl phosphate and metal oxides which prevents the deposition of metal oxides on the anode surface and catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction.
摘要翻译：一种用于在无隔膜电池中从含有金属离子和氟化物和/或阴离子氟络合物的溶液中回收金属的方法，其中阴极沉积金属和在阳极处析出氧，其改进包括使用不溶性阳极由掺杂的二氧化锡的烧结粉末制成，其任选地具有磷酸氧锆和金属氧化物的涂层，其防止金属氧化物沉积在阳极表面上并催化析氧反应。

7. 发明授权

US4869799A Membrane cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride and process thereof 失效
标题翻译：用于电解碱金属氯化物的膜电池及其工艺
公开(公告)号：US4869799A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US60548
申请日：1987-06-11
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Antonio Nidola
IPC分类号： C25B9/10
CPC分类号： C25B9/10
摘要： In a process for the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride conducted in a cell comprising a porous, gas and liquid permeable anode and a porous, gas and liquid permeable cathode separated by an ion exchange polymeric membrane impervious to the hydrodynamic flow, wherein the electrodes are in contact or in any way close to the membrane surface in order to reduce the interelectrodic gap, the insertion of a thin porous sheet, fluid permeable and highly hydrophilic, between the membrane and the cathode surfaces, allows for the considerable reduction of the cell voltage.
摘要翻译：在包括多孔，气体和液体可渗透阳极的细胞中电解碱金属氯化物的电解过程以及由不能透过流体动力学流动的离子交换聚合物膜隔开的多孔，气体和液体可渗透的阴极，其中电极处于接触或以任何方式接近膜表面，以便减少电极间间隙，在膜和阴极表面之间插入薄的多孔片，可渗透和高度亲水的，允许电池电压显着降低。

8. 发明授权

US4834851A Permanent anode 失效
标题翻译：永久阳极
公开(公告)号：US4834851A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-30
申请号：US82807
申请日：1987-08-06
申请人： Antonio Nidola , Renato Schira , Oronzio de Nora
发明人： Antonio Nidola , Renato Schira , Oronzio de Nora
IPC分类号： H01M10/54 , C25B11/04 , C25C1/18 , C25C7/02
CPC分类号： C25C7/02 , C25B11/0484 , C25C1/18 , Y02W30/84
摘要： An anode comprising an electroconductive substrate, whose external surface at least is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, alloys of said metals with each other and alloys of said metals with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals of groups IIIB and IV of the Periodic Table, lanthanides, actinides, the external surface having a corrosion resistant electrocatalytic coating of at least one member of the group consisting of noble metals and alloys thereof, noble metal oxides and non-noble metal oxieds, characterized in that the coating also contains at least one compound of an element selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin, for metal recovery from acid solutions based on fluodide-containing complex anions and an electrochemical cell.

9. 发明授权

US4059495A Method of electrolyte feeding and recirculation in an electrolysis cell 失效
标题翻译：电解池中电解质进料和再循环的方法
公开(公告)号：US4059495A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-22
申请号：US695047
申请日：1976-06-11
申请人： Oronzio de Nora , Vittorio DE Nora
发明人： Oronzio de Nora , Vittorio DE Nora
IPC分类号： C25B9/20 , C25B15/08 , C25B1/26 , C25B1/16
CPC分类号： C25B9/206 , C25B15/08
摘要： Describes an electrolysis cell having metal anodes (preferably titanium) and metal cathodes connected together by a metal-to-metal contact. The anodes and cathodes are in wave form, intermeshed together, and the cell may be unipolar or bipolar with terminal positive and negative end unit cells and a plurality of intermediate cell units. The method of electrolyte feeding and recirculation is applicable to the electrolysis cell specifically described and to other electrolysis cells having vertically arranged anodes and cathodes.
摘要翻译：描述具有金属阳极（优选钛）的电解池和通过金属 - 金属接触连接在一起的金属阴极。阳极和阴极是波形，相互啮合在一起，并且电池可以是单极的或具有末端正负极单元电池和多个中间电池单元的双极。电解质进料和再循环的方法适用于具体描述的电解槽和具有垂直排列的阳极和阴极的其它电解槽。

10. 发明授权

US4792388A Electrolysis method of electrolyzing halides 失效
标题翻译：电解卤化物电解法
公开(公告)号：US4792388A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-20
申请号：US136192
申请日：1987-12-21
申请人： Oronzio de Nora
发明人： Oronzio de Nora
IPC分类号： C25B9/00 , C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/10 , C25B11/02 , C25B13/08 , C25B1/14
CPC分类号： C25B1/46 , C25B9/04 , C25B9/08
摘要： A cell is provided having an anode and cathode separated by an ion permeable membrane or diaphragm wherein an electrode layer is bonded to or otherwise embedded in on at least one and usually to both sides of the membrane. Polarity is imparted to a bonded or embedded electrode by pressing a crinkled resiliently compressible fabric against the membrane carrying the electrode layer. This fabric is substantially coextensive with the electrode layer and is constructed so that when compressed it exerts a substantially uniform elastic reaction pressure against the membrane carrying the electrode layer or a pliable foraminous sheet, i.e. screen, interposed between the membrane carrying the electrode layer and the resiliently compressible fabric. The resiliently compressible fabric has the ability of also transmitting pressure laterally so that pressure applied may distribute across the entire area of the layer and tendency to have local areas of too low of too high pressure is minimized or reduced.Chlorine or other halogen is produced by feeding an aqueous alkali metal halide or aqueous hydrogen halide to the anode chamber. Alkali is produced in the cathode chamber and withdrawn.
摘要翻译：提供具有由离子可渗透膜或隔膜隔开的阳极和阴极的电池，其中电极层与膜的至少一个并且通常到两侧结合或以其它方式嵌入在膜的至少一个并且通常到两侧。通过将皱缩的弹性可压缩织物压靠在承载电极层的膜上而将粘合或嵌入电极赋予极性。该织物与电极层基本上共同延伸，并且被构造成使得当被压缩时，其对承载电极层的膜或柔性多孔片（即屏幕）施加基本上均匀的弹性反应压力，所述膜介于带有电极层的膜和弹性可压缩织物。弹性可压缩织物具有横向传递压力的能力，使得施加的压力可以分布在层的整个区域上，并且具有太低压力的局部区域的最小化或减小的趋势。氯或其它卤素通过将碱金属卤化物水溶液或卤水水溶液加入到阳极室来制备。碱在阴极室中产生并被抽出。

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