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    • 9. 发明授权
    • Mixed-valence complex electrodes for a rechargeable electrical energy
storage device
    • 用于可充电电能存储装置的混合复数电极
    • US5383089A
    • 1995-01-17
    • US58849
    • 1993-05-10
    • Melanie WilliamsJames L. Davis
    • Melanie WilliamsJames L. Davis
    • H01G9/00H01G9/155H01M4/36H01M10/36
    • H01G9/155H01M10/36H01M4/36Y02E60/13
    • An electrode for a rechargeable electrical energy storage device has a substrate and an electrochemically active material deposited on the substrate. The electrochemically active material provides electron transfer between itself and an electrolyte. The electrochemically active material is a mixed-valence complex containing at least two metal atoms and at least one ligand attached to the metal atoms, and has metal-to-metal bonds where the metals exist in multiple oxidation states such that electron transfer between the metal atoms in the complex or between discrete complexes occurs. A rechargeable electrical energy storage device (20) has two electrodes (28, 36) constructed from a mixed-valence complex (30), and the electrodes are electrically connected by an ion carrying electrolyte (32). The electrodes are also physically separated from each other by a barrier (34) that will pass ions but not electrons.
    • 用于可再充电电能存储装置的电极具有沉积在衬底上的衬底和电化学活性材料。 电化学活性材料在其自身和电解质之间提供电子转移。 电化学活性材料是含有至少两个金属原子和至少一个与金属原子连接的配位体的混合价络合物,并且具有金属 - 金属键,其中金属以多种氧化态存在,使得金属间的电子转移 复合物中的原子或离散复合体之间发生原子。 可再充电电能存储装置(20)具有由混合络合物(30)构成的两个电极(28,36),并且电极通过离子载体电解质(32)电连接。 电极也通过将通过离子而不是电子的屏障(34)在物理上彼此分离。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Method of cleaning printed circuit boards using formic acid
    • 使用甲酸清洗印刷电路板的方法
    • US5122200A
    • 1992-06-16
    • US583630
    • 1990-09-17
    • James L. DavisRobert W. PennisiFadia NounouRobert J. MulliganBobby D. Landreth
    • James L. DavisRobert W. PennisiFadia NounouRobert J. MulliganBobby D. Landreth
    • B23K35/36C23G1/10H05K3/26H05K3/34
    • B23K35/36B23K35/3618C23G1/103H05K3/26H05K2203/0789H05K2203/122H05K3/3484
    • Solder pastes having vehicles including formic acid-soluble organic acids as fluxing agents are described. Fluxing agents may be compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is an electron withdrawing group. In one embodiment, R is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. Other suitable formic-acid fluxing agents include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, methacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The compounds clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilize leaving a residue to be cleaned away. The cleaning step involves rinsing with formic acid. No undesired residue remains indicating that the organic acids of the invention are effective in cleaning boards. Such acid fluxing agents can be used mixed with typical solder components, such as lead/tin solder pastes, or applied topically to solders, such as solder balls; both techniques permit the assembly of PCBs more easily with high quality bonds, and with little or no residue. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent. The formic acid cleaning step may be followed by a water rinse.
    • 描述了具有包含甲酸可溶性有机酸作为助熔剂的载体的焊膏。 助焊剂可以是下式的化合物:其中R是吸电子基团。 在一个实施方案中,R选自氟,氯,溴,碘,硫,羟基,腈和苄基。 其它合适的甲酸助熔剂包括但不限于己二酸,丙烯酸,聚丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸。 这些化合物在组装时清除印刷电路板(PCB)的氧化物,然后挥发,留下残留物进行清除。 清洁步骤包括用甲酸冲洗。 没有不需要的残留物表明本发明的有机酸在清洁板中是有效的。 这种酸助熔剂可以与典型的焊料组分(例如铅/锡焊膏)混合使用,或局部施用于焊料如焊料球; 这两种技术允许更容易地组装PCBs,具有高质量的键,并且几乎没有或没有残留物。 苹果酸是优选的有机酸助熔剂。 甲酸清洗步骤之后可以进行水冲洗。