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1. 发明授权

US5802062A Preventing conflicts in distributed systems 失效
标题翻译：防止分布式系统中的冲突
公开(公告)号：US5802062A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US666772
申请日：1996-06-19
申请人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F17/30 , H04L29/06 , G06F13/376
CPC分类号： G06F17/30362 , H04L29/06 , H04L67/42 , Y10S707/99952
摘要： A token-based protocol used to prevent conflicts between copies of the same data items residing in different servers of a replicated distributed system is provided. The servers in the system with database replicas are provided with token pointers that are each associated with a token. Token pointers are used to track the current possessor of the token. Whenever a server receives or transfers a token, its corresponding token pointer is updated to reflect which server possesses the token. The use of token pointers advantageously eliminates the need for global cooperation by the servers to regenerate a lost token.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于防止驻留在复制分布式系统的不同服务器中的相同数据项的副本之间的冲突的基于令牌的协议。具有数据库副本的系统中的服务器提供有与令牌相关联的令牌指针。令牌指针用于跟踪令牌的当前拥有者。每当服务器接收或传输令牌时，其相应的令牌指针被更新以反映哪个服务器拥有令牌。令牌指针的使用有利地消除了服务器进行全局协作来重新产生丢失令牌的需要。

2. 发明授权

US6098078A Maintaining consistency of database replicas 失效
标题翻译：维护数据库副本的一致性
公开(公告)号：US6098078A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US771908
申请日：1996-12-23
申请人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/959 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A method and apparatus for maintaining consistency in databases among data processors of a computer network involves an improved epidemic protocol involving the generation of database version vectors for database replicas. Overhead of the protocol grows linearly with the number of data items being copied during an update propagation, not with the number of data items as in typical epidemic protocols. Since this number is less than the total number of data items in the database, the present protocol promises significant reduction in overhead. A log record is generated including at least the name of the updated data item. The log record has an associated time stamp for the updated data item name in one embodiment or an associated version vector value in another. In the event of out-of-bound copying, an auxiliary log record is maintained.
摘要翻译：用于在计算机网络的数据处理器之间保持数据库的一致性的方法和装置涉及改进的流行协议，涉及为数据库副本生成数据库版本向量。协议的开销与更新传播期间复制的数据项数量呈线性增长，而不是像典型的流行协议中的数据项数。由于这个数字小于数据库中的数据项的总数，所以本协议将大大降低开销。生成包括至少更新的数据项的名称的日志记录。在一个实施例中，日志记录具有用于更新的数据项目名称的关联时间戳，或者在另一个实施例中相关联的版本向量值。在超出复制的情况下，维护辅助日志记录。

3. 发明授权

US5765171A Maintaining consistency of database replicas 失效
标题翻译：维护数据库副本的一致性
公开(公告)号：US5765171A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US580954
申请日：1995-12-29
申请人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Narain H. Gehani , Alex Kononov , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A replication protocol which includes associating a database version vector with each copy of the database in the system is provided. Each database version vector keeps track of the total number of updates to any data items in its respective database replica and from which server those updates were originally performed. During replication between two replicas, the database version vectors of the replicas are compared to efficiently determine if update replication is necessary. If the database version vectors are not identical, the server possessing the more recent version of the data items propagates those data items to the server whose replica is older using conventional update propagation techniques. Identical database version vectors indicate that update propagation is not necessary. As such, the protocol avoids examining every data item in the database in order to determine the necessity of update propagation, which is required in conventional replication protocols.
摘要翻译：提供了一种复制协议，其包括将数据库版本向量与系统中的数据库的每个副本相关联。每个数据库版本向量跟踪其相应数据库副本中的任何数据项的更新总数，以及最初执行哪些更新的服务器。在两个副本之间的复制期间，比较副本的数据库版本向量，以有效地确定是否需要更新复制。如果数据库版本向量不相同，则拥有更新版本的数据项的服务器将这些数据项传播到使用常规更新传播技术的副本较旧的服务器。相同的数据库版本向量表示不需要更新传播。因此，协议避免检查数据库中的每个数据项，以便确定在传统复制协议中需要的更新传播的必要性。

4. 发明授权

US08649382B2 Methods and systems for content access and distribution 有权
标题翻译：内容访问和分发的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08649382B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-11
申请号：US12575016
申请日：2009-10-07
申请人： Kadangode Ramakrishnan , William Fenner , Michael Rabinovich , Divesh Srivastava , Yin Zhang
发明人： Kadangode Ramakrishnan , William Fenner , Michael Rabinovich , Divesh Srivastava , Yin Zhang
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L67/02 , H04L67/104 , H04L67/1097 , H04L67/12
摘要： Distribution of content between publishers and consumers is accomplished using an overlay network that may make use of XML language to facilitate content identification. The overlay network includes a plurality of routers that may be in communication with each other and the publishers and consumers on the Internet. Content and queries are identified by content descriptors that are routed from the originator to a nearest router in the overlay network. The nearest router, for each unique content descriptor, generates a hash identification of the content descriptor which is used by remaining routers in the overlay network to provide the appropriate functions with respect to the content descriptor. In particular, this allows all routers in the overlay network except the nearest router to properly route content without processing every content descriptor.
摘要翻译：发布商和消费者之间的内容分发是通过覆盖网络实现的，该网络可以利用XML语言来促进内容识别。覆盖网络包括可以彼此通信的多个路由器以及因特网上的发布者和消费者。内容和查询由从发起者路由到覆盖网络中最近的路由器的内容描述符来标识。对于每个唯一的内容描述符，最近的路由器生成内容描述符的散列标识符，该标识由覆盖网络中的剩余路由器使用以提供关于内容描述符的适当的功能。特别地，这允许除了最近的路由器之外的覆盖网络中的所有路由器正确路由内容而不处理每个内容描述符。

5. 发明授权

US08649377B2 Methods and systems to store state used to forward multicast traffic 失效
标题翻译：存储用于转发组播流量的状态的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08649377B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-11
申请号：US13277865
申请日：2011-10-20
申请人： Kadangode Ramakrishnan , Divesh Srivastava , Tae W. Cho , Yin Zhang , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Kadangode Ramakrishnan , Divesh Srivastava , Tae W. Cho , Yin Zhang , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/1886 , H04L45/16 , H04L45/48
摘要： A method and system are described to multicast with an adaptive dual state. The system receives multicast traffic over a membership tree including a first plurality of nodes connected in a first topology destined for a plurality of multicast members of a first multicast group. Next, the system determines a rate of multicast traffic that exceeds a predetermined threshold based on the receiving the multicast traffic. Next, the system generates a dissemination tree including a second plurality of nodes connected in a second topology to reduce a number of hops to communicate the multicast traffic to the plurality of multicast members of the first multicast group. Finally, the system forwards the multicast traffic to the plurality of multicast members of the first multicast group over the dissemination tree.
摘要翻译：一种方法和系统被描述为具有自适应双状态的多播。系统通过隶属树接收组播流量，该成员树包括连接在第一个拓扑中的第一个多个节点，目的地是第一组播组的多个组播成员。接下来，系统基于接收到多播业务来确定超过预定阈值的多播业务速率。接下来，系统生成包括在第二拓扑中连接的第二多个节点的传播树，以减少将多播流量传送到第一多播组的多个多播成员的跳数。最后，系统通过传播树将组播流量转发给第一组播组的多个组播成员。

6. 发明申请

US20110153941A1 Multi-Autonomous System Anycast Content Delivery Network 有权
标题翻译：多自治系统任播内容交付网络
公开(公告)号：US20110153941A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-23
申请号：US12645000
申请日：2009-12-22
申请人： Oliver Spatscheck , Zakaria Al-Qudah , Seungjoon Lee , Michael Rabinovich , Jacobus Van der Merwe
发明人： Oliver Spatscheck , Zakaria Al-Qudah , Seungjoon Lee , Michael Rabinovich , Jacobus Van der Merwe
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F9/5083 , H04L67/1004 , H04L67/1008 , H04L67/1031
摘要： A content delivery network includes first and second sets of cache servers, a domain name server, and an anycast island controller. The first set of cache servers is hosted by a first autonomous system and the second set of cache servers is hosted by a second autonomous system. The cache servers are configured to respond to an anycast address for the content delivery network, to receive a request for content from a client system, and provide the content to the client system. The first and second autonomous systems are configured to balance the load across the first and second sets of cache servers, respectively. The domain name server is configured to receive a request from a requestor for a cache server address, and provide the anycast address to the requestor in response to the request. The anycast island controller is configured to receive load information from each of the cache servers, determine an amount of requests to transfer from the first autonomous system to the second autonomous system; send an instruction to the first autonomous system to transfer the amount of requests to the second autonomous system.
摘要翻译：内容传送网络包括第一和第二组缓存服务器，域名服务器和任播岛控制器。第一组缓存服务器由第一自主系统托管，第二组缓存服务器由第二自主系统托管。缓存服务器被配置为响应内容传送网络的任播地址，从客户端系统接收对内容的请求，并将内容提供给客户端系统。第一和第二自治系统被配置为分别平衡跨越第一组和第二组缓存服务器的负载。域名服务器被配置为从缓存服务器地址的请求者接收请求，并且响应于请求向请求者提供任播地址。所述任播岛控制器被配置为从每个所述高速缓存服务器接收负载信息，确定从所述第一自治系统转移到所述第二自治系统的请求量; 向第一自治系统发送指令以将请求量传送到第二自治系统。

7. 发明申请

US20090052448A1 METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO STORE STATE USED TO FORWARD MULTICAST TRAFFIC 有权
标题翻译：存储状态用于前向多媒体业务的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20090052448A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US12060709
申请日：2008-04-01
申请人： Kadangode K. Ramakrishnan , Divesh Srivastava , Tae Won Cho , Yin Zhang , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Kadangode K. Ramakrishnan , Divesh Srivastava , Tae Won Cho , Yin Zhang , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/1886 , H04L45/16 , H04L45/48
摘要： Methods and systems are described to store state used to forward multicast traffic. The system includes a receiving module to receive request to add a first node to a membership tree. The membership tree includes a first plurality of nodes associated with a multicast group. The system further includes a processing module to identify a second node in the first plurality of nodes and to communicate a node identifier that identifies the first node over a network to the second node. The node identifier is to be stored at the second node to add the first node to the membership tree. The node identifier is further to be stored in the membership tree exclusively at the second node to enable the second node to forward the multicast traffic to the first node.
摘要翻译：描述了用于存储用于转发组播流量的状态的方法和系统。该系统包括接收模块，用于接收向成员树添加第一个节点的请求。隶属树包括与多播组相关联的第一多个节点。所述系统还包括处理模块，用于识别所述第一多个节点中的第二节点，并将通过网络识别所述第一节点的节点标识符传送到所述第二节点。节点标识符将存储在第二个节点，以将第一个节点添加到成员树中。节点标识符进一步被存储在专属于第二节点的成员树中，以使得第二节点能够将多播业务转发到第一节点。

8. 发明授权

US07496451B2 Real time data quality control and determination of formation angles from multicomponent induction measurements using neural networks 有权
标题翻译：使用神经网络的多组分感应测量的实时数据质量控制和形成角度的确定
公开(公告)号：US07496451B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-24
申请号：US11368906
申请日：2006-03-06
申请人： Sheng Fang , Leonty Tabarovsky , Michael Rabinovich , Liming Yu
发明人： Sheng Fang , Leonty Tabarovsky , Michael Rabinovich , Liming Yu
IPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V3/18
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： Neural networks may be used to determine and predict formation dip angles and perform quality assurance assessments from data collected with a multi-component induction tool used for well logging. The neural networks make use of corrected, rotated and normalized data to provide the predictions and assessments. Synthetic data using various models is used to train the neural networks. The teachings herein provide for real-time determinations with a substantial degree of accuracy in the results.
摘要翻译：可以使用神经网络来确定和预测地层倾角，并通过用于测井的多组分感应工具收集的数据进行质量保证评估。神经网络使用校正，旋转和归一化的数据来提供预测和评估。使用各种模型的合成数据用于训练神经网络。本文的教导提供了在结果中具有相当程度的准确性的实时确定。

9. 发明申请

US20080144621A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PEER TO PEER VIDEO STREAMING 有权
标题翻译：用于同行视频流的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080144621A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US11610994
申请日：2006-12-14
申请人： Yennun Huang , Yih-Farn Chen , Rittwik Jana , Amy Reibman , Bin Wei , Zhen Xiao , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Yennun Huang , Yih-Farn Chen , Rittwik Jana , Amy Reibman , Bin Wei , Zhen Xiao , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L65/4076 , H04L67/104 , H04L67/1072
摘要： In an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) system, an IPTV server is configured to receive a request from an IPTV content storage device (CSD) to view a video stream. The IPTV server selects a set of peers for the IPTV CSD, and transmits the set of peers to the IPTV CSD. In the system, a capacity of a fiber to the node (FTTN) switch in a down linking direction is greater than or equal to a sum of a number of simultaneous viewers supported by the FTTN switch plus a number of viewers that receive video streams from peers in the same community.
摘要翻译：在互联网协议电视（IPTV）系统中，IPTV服务器被配置为从IPTV内容存储设备（CSD）接收查看视频流的请求。 IPTV服务器为IPTV CSD选择一组对等体，并将该对等体发送到IPTV CSD。在系统中，光纤到节点（FTTN）的向下交换方向的容量大于或等于由FTTN交换机支持的多个同时观看者的总和加上接收来自同行在同一社区。

10. 发明申请

US20070267192A1 Method and Apparatus for Correcting Underestimation of Formation Anisotropy Ratio 有权
标题翻译：校正各向异性比低估的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20070267192A1
公开(公告)日：2007-11-22
申请号：US11740376
申请日：2007-04-26
申请人： Tsili Wang , Alexandre Bespalov , Bill Corley , Daniel Georgi , Michael Rabinovich
发明人： Tsili Wang , Alexandre Bespalov , Bill Corley , Daniel Georgi , Michael Rabinovich
IPC分类号： E21B47/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B47/026
摘要： Multicomponent induction measurements may underestimate the anisotropy in formations where the bedding changes with distance from the borehole. The measurements may still be used to determine horizontal and vertical resistivity, and to identify complicated bedding structure such as that associated with channel sands and turbidite deposits. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b)
摘要翻译：多组分感应测量可能会低估地层的各向异性，其中床垫随距离井眼的距离变化。测量结果仍然可用于确定水平和垂直电阻率，并且确定复杂的层状结构，例如与通道砂和浊度沉积物相关的结构。要强调的是，该摘要被提供以符合要求摘要的规则，这将允许搜索者或其他读者快速确定技术公开的主题。提交它的理解是，它不会用于解释或限制权利要求的范围或含义。 37 CFR 1.72（b）

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