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1. 发明授权

US06577329B1 Method and system for relevance feedback through gaze tracking and ticker interfaces 有权
标题翻译：通过凝视跟踪和行情界面进行相关反馈的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06577329B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-10
申请号：US09257200
申请日：1999-02-25
申请人： Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Qi Lu , Paul Philip Maglio , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto , Edwin Joseph Selker
发明人： Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Qi Lu , Paul Philip Maglio , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto , Edwin Joseph Selker
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06F3/013 , G06Q30/02
摘要： A system and method (and signal medium) for interactively displaying information, include a ticker display for displaying items having different views, a tracker for tracking a user's eye movements while observing a first view of information on the ticker display, and a mechanism, based on an output form the tracker, for determining whether a current view has relevance to the user.
摘要翻译：用于交互地显示信息的系统和方法（和信号介质）包括用于显示具有不同视图的项目的行走时间显示器，用于跟踪用户眼动的跟踪器，同时观察行情显示器上的信息的第一视图，以及基于在输出形式的跟踪器上，用于确定当前视图是否与用户相关。

2. 发明授权

US06282553B1 Gaze-based secure keypad entry system 有权
标题翻译：基于注视的安全键盘输入系统
公开(公告)号：US06282553B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09185546
申请日：1998-11-04
申请人： Myron Dale Flickner , Qi Lu , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
发明人： Myron Dale Flickner , Qi Lu , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
IPC分类号： G06F300
CPC分类号： G06F3/013 , G07F7/10 , G07F19/20 , G07F19/201 , G07F19/205 , H04M1/23 , H04M1/56
摘要： A system for secure data entry, includes a virtual keypad having a plurality of keys, a mechanism for determining to which virtual key of the keypad a user is looking, and an actuator, operable by the user, for confirming key selection. Another system for secure data entry, includes a virtual keypad having a plurality of keys, an eye tracker for tracking eye movement of a user, and for receiving a coded input from an eye movement of the user gazing upon at least a selected one of the keys of the virtual keypad, and an actuator for being selectively actuated by the user upon confirmation of the coded input by the user.
摘要翻译：一种用于安全数据输入的系统，包括具有多个键的虚拟键盘，用于确定用户正在查看的键盘的哪个虚拟键的机构以及用户可操作的用于确认键选择的致动器。用于安全数据输入的另一系统包括具有多个键的虚拟键盘，用于跟踪用户的眼睛运动的眼睛跟踪器，以及用于从用户的眼睛运动中接收编码的输入，注视至少一个所选择的一个虚拟键盘的键，以及用户在确认用户的编码输入时由用户选择性地致动的致动器。

3. 发明授权

US06539100B1 Method and apparatus for associating pupils with subjects 失效
标题翻译：将学生与受试者联系起来的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06539100B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09238979
申请日：1999-01-27
申请人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
发明人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06F3/011 , G06K9/00268 , G06K9/00597 , G06K9/00778 , G06T7/70 , G06T2207/30201
摘要： A method and apparatus analyzes a scene to determine which pupils correspond to which subjects. First, a machine-readable representation of the scene, such as a camera image, is generated. Although more detail may be provided, this representation minimally depicts certain visually perceivable characteristics of multiple pupil candidates corresponding to multiple subjects in the scene. A machine such as a computer then examines various features of the pupil candidates. The features under analysis include (1) visually perceivable characteristics of the pupil candidates at one given time (“spatial cues”), and (2) changes in visually perceivable characteristics of the pupil candidates over a sampling period (“temporal cues”). The spatial and temporal cues may be used to identify associated pupil pairs. Some exemplary spatial cues include interocular distance, shape, height, and color of potentially paired pupils. In addition to features of the pupils themselves, spatial cues may also include nearby facial features such as presence of a nose/mouth/eyebrows in predetermined relationship to potentially paired pupils, a similarly colored iris surrounding each of two pupils, skin of similar color nearby, etc. Some exemplary temporal cues include motion or blinking of paired pupils together, etc. With the foregoing examination, each pupil candidate can be associated with a subject in the scene.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置分析场景以确定哪些学生对应于哪个学科。首先，生成场景的机器可读表示，例如相机图像。尽管可以提供更多的细节，但是该表示最低限度地描绘了与场景中的多个被摄体相对应的多个瞳孔候选者的某些视觉上可感知的特征。然后，诸如计算机的机器检查学生候选人的各种特征。分析的特征包括（1）在一个给定时间（“空间提示”）的瞳孔候选者的视觉上可感知的特征，以及（2）在采样周期（“时间提示”）上的瞳孔候选者的视觉可感知特征的变化。空间和时间线索可用于识别相关联的瞳孔对。一些示例性的空间线索包括可能配对的瞳孔的眼间距离，形状，高度和颜色。除了学生本身的特征之外，空间线索还可以包括附近的面部特征，例如与潜在配对的瞳孔具有预定关系的鼻/嘴/眉毛的存在，围绕两个瞳孔中的每一个的类似彩色的虹膜，附近有相似颜色的皮肤等等。一些示例性的时间提示包括一起运动或眨眼配对的瞳孔等。通过上述检查，每个瞳孔候选者可以与场景中的被摄体相关联。

4. 发明授权

US06393136B1 Method and apparatus for determining eye contact 有权
标题翻译：用于确定眼睛接触的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06393136B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09225476
申请日：1999-01-04
申请人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto , Shumin Zhai
发明人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto , Shumin Zhai
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06F3/011 , G06T7/70
摘要： A method and apparatus determine when a subject is looking at a specific target area by estimating a divergence angle between (1) the direction in which the subject is looking and (2) the direction from the subject directly to the target area. This technique accesses whether the subject is looking at a particular area. The invention may further condition this determination according to the subject's distance from the target area, because there is less tolerance for divergent angles when the subject is farther away. In one embodiment, the divergence angle is estimated using the position of a glint of light in the subject's pupil. The glint is created by a light source located in the target area. If the glint is sufficiently central to the pupil, with the camera and light source being near the target area, the subject is looking at the target area. At long distances, when the glint is not sufficiently discernable from the pupil, another technique may be employed to estimate divergence angle. Namely, the plane of the subject's face is computed, and analyzed with respect to a vector between the subject's face and the target area. If the plane is substantially normal to the vector, the subject is looking at the target area.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置通过估计（1）被摄体正在观察的方向和（2）从被摄体直接到目标区域的方向之间的发散角度来确定被摄体何时观察特定目标区域。该技术访问主体是否正在查看特定区域。本发明还可以根据被摄体距离目标区域的距离来进一步调节该确定，因为当被摄体越远时，对于发散角具有较小的公差。在一个实施例中，使用受试者瞳孔内的闪光的位置来估计发散角。闪光由位于目标区域的光源创建。如果闪光对于瞳孔是足够中心的，相机和光源靠近目标区域，则被摄物体正在观察目标区域。在长距离处，当闪烁不能从瞳孔中辨别出来时，可以采用另一种技术来估计发散角。即，计算被检者的脸的平面，并且相对于被检者的面部和目标区域之间的矢量进行分析。如果平面与矢量基本正交，则对象正在观察目标区域。

5. 发明授权

US06659611B2 System and method for eye gaze tracking using corneal image mapping 有权
标题翻译：使用角膜图像映射的眼睛注视跟踪的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06659611B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US10034524
申请日：2001-12-28
申请人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
发明人： Arnon Amir , Myron Dale Flickner , David Bruce Koons , Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto
IPC分类号： A61B314
CPC分类号： A61B3/113 , G06K9/00604
摘要： A system and method for eye gaze tracking without calibrated cameras, direct measurements of specific users' eye geometries, or requiring the user to visually track a cursor traversing a known trajectory. The preferred embodiment includes two uncalibrated cameras imaging the user's eye and haying on-axis lighting. The cameras capture images of a test pattern in real space as reflected from the user's cornea, which is essentially a convex spherical mirror. The invention then extracts parameters required to define a mathematical mapping between real space and image space, including spherical and perspective transformations. The invention processes subsequent images of objects reflected from the user's eye through the inverse of the mathematical mapping to determine a gaze vector and a point of regard. Alternately, a single calibrated camera may be employed with means for estimating the eye-to-camera distance. A head-mounted embodiment that may include a laser pointer is also described.
摘要翻译：用于没有校准相机的眼睛注视跟踪的系统和方法，直接测量特定用户的眼睛几何形状，或要求用户可视地跟踪穿过已知轨迹的光标。优选实施例包括两个未校准的照相机成像用户的眼睛并且照亮轴上照明。摄像机从用户的角膜（其本质上是凸球面镜）反射的实际空间捕获测试图案的图像。然后，本发明提取在实际空间和图像空间之间定义数学映射所需的参数，包括球面和透视变换。本发明通过数学映射的倒数来处理从用户的眼睛反射的物体的后续图像，以确定注视向量和关注点。或者，可以使用具有用于估计眼睛对照相机距离的装置的单个校准的相机。还描述了可以包括激光指示器的头戴式实施例。

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