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1. 发明授权

US6114044A Method of drying passivated micromachines by dewetting from a liquid-based process 失效
标题翻译：通过从基于液体的方法脱水干燥钝化微机械的方法
公开(公告)号：US6114044A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US866833
申请日：1997-05-30
申请人： Michael R. Houston , Roger T. Howe , Roya Maboudian , Uthara Srinivasan
发明人： Michael R. Houston , Roger T. Howe , Roya Maboudian , Uthara Srinivasan
IPC分类号： B81B3/00 , B32B9/04
CPC分类号： B81B3/0005 , B81C1/00928 , B81C2201/112 , B82Y30/00
摘要： A method of fabricating a micromachine includes the step of constructing a low surface energy film on the micromachine. The micromachine is then rinsed with a rinse liquid that has a high surface energy, relative to the low surface energy film, to produce a contact angle of greater than 90.degree. between the low surface energy film and the rinse liquid. This relatively large contact angle causes any rinse liquid on the micromachine to be displaced from the micromachine when the micromachine is removed from the rinse liquid. In other words, the micromachine is dried by dewetting from a liquid-based process. Thus, a separate evaporative drying step is not required, as the micromachine is removed from the liquid-based process in a dry state. The relatively large contact angle also operates to prevent attractive capillary forces between micromachine components, thereby preventing contact and adhesion between adjacent microstructure surfaces. The low surface energy film may be constructed with a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer film. The processing of the invention avoids the use of environmentally harmful, health-hazardous chemicals.
摘要翻译：制造微机械的方法包括在微机械上构造低表面能膜的步骤。然后用相对于低表面能膜的表面能高的漂洗液冲洗微机械，在低表面能膜和冲洗液之间产生大于90°的接触角。当微冲洗液从冲洗液中移出时，这种相对大的接触角使微机械上的任何漂洗液体从微机械移位。换句话说，微机器通过从基于液体的方法去除而被干燥。因此，不需要单独的蒸发干燥步骤，因为微机器在干燥状态下从基于液体的方法中去除。相对较大的接触角也用于防止微机械部件之间的有吸引力的毛细作用力，从而防止相邻微结构表面之间的接触和粘附。低表面能膜可以由氟化的自组装单层膜构成。本发明的加工避免使用对环境有害的健康危害的化学品。

2. 发明授权

US06617364B2 Method for synthesizing thermo-expandable polymeric microspheres 失效
标题翻译：用于合成热发泡聚合物微球的方法
公开(公告)号：US06617364B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US10235367
申请日：2002-09-05
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
IPC分类号： C08J916
CPC分类号： B01J13/02 , B01J13/04 , B01J13/20 , C08J9/232 , C08J9/32 , C08J2203/22
摘要： The present invention is directed to thermo-expandable microspheres and to the expanded microballoons, microcellular foam or foamed composite material that results upon heating the microspheres. The thermo-expandable microsphere of the present invention is characterized by having a polymeric wall surrounding one or more pockets or particles of blowing agent or propellant within the microsphere. The polymeric wall may have reactive functional groups on its surface to give a fusible microsphere. When the microspheres are heated, they expand to form microballoons comprising polymeric shells surrounding one or more internal gaseous voids, and when the microspheres are expanded while in contact with each other, a microcellular foam may be formed. The foam consists of a plurality of microballoons fused together, optionally aided by functional groups present on the surface of the heated microspheres that act to crosslink the material. When microspheres are mixed with a matrix, which can optionally react with functional groups on the microsphere surface, and the resulting combination is heated, the microspheres expand to give a foamed composite material in which the microballoons may be fused or chemically crosslinked to the matrix.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及热膨胀性微球和膨胀微球，微孔泡沫或泡沫复合材料，其导致加热微球体。本发明的热膨胀性微球的特征在于，在微球内具有包围发泡剂或推进剂的一个或多个口袋或颗粒的聚合物壁。聚合物壁在其表面上可以具有反应性官能团以得到易熔微球。当微球被加热时，它们膨胀以形成包含围绕一个或多个内部气体空隙的聚合物壳的微球，并且当微球在彼此接触的同时膨胀时，可以形成微孔泡沫。泡沫由多个融合在一起的微球组成，任选地由存在于用于交联材料的加热微球表面上的官能团辅助。当微球体与可以任选地与微球表面上的官能团反应的基质混合，并且所得到的组合物被加热时，微球体膨胀以产生发泡复合材料，其中微球可以熔融或化学交联到基质上。

3. 发明授权

US06221486B1 Expandable polymeric fibers and their method of production 失效
标题翻译：可膨胀聚合纤维及其生产方法
公开(公告)号：US06221486B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-24
申请号：US09458220
申请日：1999-12-09
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
IPC分类号： D01F600
CPC分类号： D01D5/247 , C08J9/04 , C08J2201/03 , D01F1/08 , Y10T428/249921 , Y10T428/249962 , Y10T428/249971 , Y10T428/249972 , Y10T428/2913 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T428/2935 , Y10T428/2975
摘要： The present invention is directed to thermo-expandable fibers and to the expanded hollow fibers or microtubes, microcellular foam or foamed composite material that results upon heating the expandable fibers. The thermo-expandable fiber of the present invention is characterized by having a polymeric wall surrounding one or more pockets or particles of blowing agent or propellant within the fiber. The polymeric wall may have reactive functional groups on its surface to give a fusible fiber. When the expandable fibers are heated, they expand to form hollow fibers or microtubes comprising polymeric shells surrounding one or more internal gaseous voids, and when the fibers are expanded while in contact with each other, a microcellular foam may be formed. The foam consists of a plurality of hollow fibers fused together, optionally aided by functional groups present on the surface of the heated fibers that act to crosslink the material. When expandable microspheres are mixed with a matrix, which can optionally react with functional groups on the fiber surface, and the resulting combination is heated, the fibers expand to give a foamed composite material in which the hollow fibers or microtubes may optionally be fused or chemically crosslinked to the matrix.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及热膨胀纤维和膨胀的中空纤维或微管，微孔泡沫或泡沫复合材料，其导致加热可膨胀纤维。本发明的热膨胀性纤维的特征在于，在纤维内具有包围发泡剂或推进剂的一个或多个口袋或颗粒的聚合物壁。聚合物壁在其表面上可以具有反应性官能团以得到可熔纤维。当可膨胀纤维被加热时，它们膨胀以形成包含围绕一个或多个内部气体空隙的聚合物壳的中空纤维或微管，并且当纤维在彼此接触时膨胀时，可以形成微孔泡沫。泡沫由多个融合在一起的中空纤维组成，任选由加热纤维表面上存在的用于交联材料的官能团辅助。当可膨胀微球与可以任选地与纤维表面上的官能团反应的基质混合，并且所得到的组合被加热时，纤维膨胀以产生泡沫复合材料，其中中空纤维或微管可任选地被熔化或化学与基质交联。

4. 发明授权

US06746632B2 Morphology trapping and materials suitable for use therewith 失效
标题翻译：形态捕获和适合使用的材料
公开(公告)号：US06746632B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-08
申请号：US10190208
申请日：2002-07-05
申请人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
发明人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： C08F287/00 , C08F265/04 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/28 , Y10S525/903 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31786 , Y10T428/31826 , Y10T428/31855
摘要： This invention is directed to a process for the rapid in-situ curing of polymerizable materials to provide macromolecular networks and articles of manufacture that are “morphology-trapped”; that is, they exhibit a fixed phase morphology and/or molecular orientation that is locked in by the curing step. The process includes the steps of mixing together a dead polymer, a reactive plasticizer and an initiator to give a polymerizable composition; further processing the mixture in order to achieve a desired phase morphology and/or molecular orientation of the polymeric constituents; shaping the polymerizable composition into a desired geometry; and exposing the polymerizable composition to a source of polymerizing energy, without mixing, to give a final product with the desired phase morphology and/or molecular orientation locked in place. The phase morphology and molecular orientation present just prior to cure of the polymerizable composition is subsequently trapped or locked in place by the curing step so that further changes in morphology are hindered or prevented.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种快速原位固化可聚合材料以提供“形态学被捕”的大分子网络和制品的方法。也就是说，它们表现出通过固化步骤锁定的固定相形态和/或分子取向。该方法包括将死聚合物，活性增塑剂和引发剂混合在一起以产生可聚合组合物的步骤; 进一步处理混合物以实现聚合物组分的期望相形态和/或分子取向; 将可聚合组合物成型为所需的几何形状; 并将可聚合组合物暴露于聚合能源，而不混合，得到具有所需相形态和/或分子取向锁定在适当位置的最终产物。在固化可聚合组合物之前存在的相态和分子取向随后通过固化步骤被捕获或锁定在适当位置，从而妨碍或防止形态的进一步变化。

5. 发明授权

US06570714B2 Precision composite article 失效
公开(公告)号：US06570714B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US10004455
申请日：2001-12-05
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
IPC分类号： G02B2500
CPC分类号： B32B27/00 , G02B1/04 , G02B1/041 , Y10T428/31616 , Y10T428/31645 , Y10T428/31855 , Y10T428/31909 , Y10T428/31935
摘要： The invention is directed to a method for making composite articles, including optical lenses, which includes the steps of obtaining a substrate; placing a semi-solid-like polymerizable composition in contact with at least one of the front or back surface of the substrate; compressing or heating the resulting semi-solid/substrate sandwich between two mold halves, where the mold contacting the semi-solid polymerizable material has a desired surface geometry; and exposing the semi-solid/substrate sandwich to a source of polymerizing energy. The resulting composite article has the desirable characteristics of the substrate but is also easily fabricated as a result of the semi-solid molding process. Also included within the present invention is a composite article comprising a substrate portion and at least one layer of a cured resin bonded to the substrate portion, the cured resin comprising an interpenetrating crosslinked polymer network of reactive plasticizer within a dead polymer. In one embodiment, the reactive plasticizer polymer network is further crosslinked to the dead polymer. The composite article exhibits dimensional stability and high-fidelity replication of an internal mold cavity.

6. 发明授权

US06387492B2 Hollow polymeric fibers 失效
标题翻译：中空聚合纤维
公开(公告)号：US06387492B2
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09840317
申请日：2001-04-23
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston
IPC分类号： D01F600
CPC分类号： D01D5/247 , C08J9/04 , C08J2201/03 , D01F1/08 , Y10T428/249921 , Y10T428/249962 , Y10T428/249971 , Y10T428/249972 , Y10T428/2913 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T428/2935 , Y10T428/2975
摘要： The present invention is directed to thermo-expandable fibers and to the expanded hollow fibers or microtubes, microcellular foam or foamed composite material that results upon heating the expandable fibers. The thermo-expandable fiber of the present invention is characterized by having a polymeric wall surrounding one or more pockets or particles of blowing agent or propellant within the fiber. The polymeric wall may have reactive functional groups on its surface to give a fusible fiber. When the expandable fibers are heated, they expand to form hollow fibers or microtubes comprising polymeric shells surrounding one or more internal gaseous voids, and when the fibers are expanded while in contact with each other, a microcellular foam may be formed. The foam consists of a plurality of hollow fibers fused together, optionally aided by functional groups present on the surface of the heated fibers that act to crosslink the material. When expandable microspheres are mixed with a matrix, which can optionally react with functional groups on the fiber surface, and the resulting combination is heated, the fibers expand to give a foamed composite material in which the hollow fibers or microtubes may optionally be fused or chemically crosslinked to the matrix.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及热膨胀纤维和膨胀的中空纤维或微管，微孔泡沫或泡沫复合材料，其导致加热可膨胀纤维。本发明的热膨胀性纤维的特征在于，在纤维内具有包围发泡剂或推进剂的一个或多个口袋或颗粒的聚合物壁。聚合物壁在其表面上可以具有反应性官能团以得到可熔纤维。当可膨胀纤维被加热时，它们膨胀以形成包含围绕一个或多个内部气体空隙的聚合物壳的中空纤维或微管，并且当纤维在彼此接触时膨胀时，可以形成微孔泡沫。泡沫由多个融合在一起的中空纤维组成，任选由加热纤维表面上存在的用于交联材料的官能团辅助。当可膨胀微球与可以任选地与纤维表面上的官能团反应的基质混合，并且所得到的组合被加热时，纤维膨胀以产生泡沫复合材料，其中中空纤维或微管可以任选地熔融或化学与基质交联。

7. 发明授权

US06874885B2 Near-net-shape polymerization process and materials suitable for use therewith 失效
标题翻译：近网状聚合方法和适合与其一起使用的材料
公开(公告)号：US06874885B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-05
申请号：US10085410
申请日：2002-02-25
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
IPC分类号： C08F2/00 , C08F257/02 , C08F259/00 , C08F283/00 , C08F287/00 , C08F291/00 , C08L51/00 , C08L51/08 , G02C7/02
CPC分类号： C08F283/00 , C08F257/02 , C08F259/00 , C08F287/00 , C08F291/00 , C08L51/006 , C08L51/08
摘要： This invention is directed to a processing approach for the rapid and efficient in-situ polymerization of specially prepared precursor mixtures to achieve near-net-shape production of objects/articles with exact dimensions. The process relies on the use of polymerizable compositions comprised of a mixture of a dead polymer, a reactive plasticizer and, optionally, an initiator, which compositions are semi-solid-like prior to curing and induce low shrinkage upon curing as a result of their partially polymerized nature prior to processing. The partially polymerized nature of the precursor mixtures also allows extremely impact-resistant objects/articles to be fabricated. Other desirable engineering property attributes can similarly be achieved via the judicious blending of starting ingredients in formulating the polymerizable (curable) mixtures.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于快速和有效地原位聚合特殊制备的前体混合物以实现具有精确尺寸的物体/制品的近净形状的处理方法。该方法依赖于使用由固化聚合物，反应性增塑剂和任选的引发剂组成的可聚合组合物，该组合物在固化之前是半固体状的，并且由于它们的固化而在固化时诱导低收缩率在加工前部分聚合的性质。前体混合物的部分聚合性质还允许制造极其耐冲击的物体/制品。可以通过在配制可聚合（可固化）混合物中明智地混合起始成分来实现其它所需的工程特性属性。

8. 发明授权

US06749779B2 Precision integral articles 失效
公开(公告)号：US06749779B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-15
申请号：US09952661
申请日：2001-09-14
申请人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
发明人： David S. Soane , Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： C08L51/006 , C08F251/02 , C08F265/04 , C08F279/02 , C08F283/02 , C08F287/00 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/245 , C08J5/00 , C08J5/12 , C08L51/003 , C08L51/08 , G02B1/041 , G02B1/043 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31917 , Y10T428/3192 , Y10T428/31924 , Y10T428/31928 , Y10T428/31935
摘要： This disclosure describes a processing approach for the rapid and efficient in-situ polymerization of specially prepared precursor mixtures to achieve near-net-shape production of objects/articles with exact dimensions. The process relies on the use of polymerizable compositions comprised of a mixture of a reactive plasticizer and an initiator, optionally also including a dead polymer, which compositions are semi-solid-like and induce little shrinkage upon curing as a result of their partially polymerized nature prior to processing. The articles of the invention have a surface and an interior core, the composition of the surface material being distinct from the composition of the core material while at the same time the surface and the core are an integral, monolithic entity. In addition, the articles are dimensionally stable and exhibit high fidelity replication.

9. 发明授权

US06733700B2 Morphology trapping and materials suitable for use therewith 失效
标题翻译：形态捕获和适合使用的材料
公开(公告)号：US06733700B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-11
申请号：US10297700
申请日：2002-12-09
申请人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
发明人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： C08F287/00 , C08F265/04 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/28 , Y10S525/903 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31786 , Y10T428/31826 , Y10T428/31855
摘要： This invention is directed to a process for the rapid in-situ curing of polymerizable materials to provide macro-molecular networks and articles of manufacture that are “morphology-trapped”; that is, they exhibit a fixed phase morphology and/or molecular orientation that is locked in by the curing step. The process includes the steps of mixing together a dead polymer or a prepolymer, a reactive plasticizer or a diulent, and an initiator to give a polymerizable composition; further processing the mixture in order to achieve a desired phase morphology and/or moelcular orientation of the polymeric constitutents; shaping the polymerizable composition into a desired geometry; and exposing the polymerizable composition to a source of polymerizing energy, without mixing to give a final product with the desired phase morphology and/or moelcular orientation locked in place. The phase morphlogy and molecular orientation present just prior to cure of the polymerizable composition is subsequently trapped or locked in place by the curing step to that further changes in morphology are hindered or prevented.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于快速原位固化可聚合材料以提供“形态学被捕获”的大分子网络和制品的方法; 也就是说，它们表现出通过固化步骤锁定的固定相形态和/或分子取向。该方法包括以下步骤：将死聚合物或预聚物，反应性增塑剂或疏液剂和引发剂混合在一起，得到可聚合组合物; 进一步处理混合物以实现聚合物组分的期望的相形态和/或摩擦取向; 将可聚合组合物成型为所需的几何形状; 并将可聚合组合物暴露于聚合能量源，而不进行混合，得到具有所需相形态和/或摩擦取向锁定到位的最终产品。在固化可聚合组合物之前存在的相态和分子取向随后通过固化步骤被捕获或锁定在适当的位置，从而妨碍或防止形态的进一步变化。

10. 发明授权

US06419858B1 Morphology trapping and materials suitable for use therewith 失效
标题翻译：形态捕获和适合使用的材料
公开(公告)号：US06419858B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09592873
申请日：2000-06-13
申请人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
发明人： Michael R. Houston , Toshiaki Hino , David S. Soane
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： C08F287/00 , C08F265/04 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/28 , Y10S525/903 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31786 , Y10T428/31826 , Y10T428/31855
摘要： This invention is directed to a process for the rapid in-situ curing of polymerizable materials to provide macromolecular networks and articles of manufacture that are “morphology-trapped”; that is, they exhibit a fixed phase morphology and/or molecular orientation that is locked in by the curing step. The process includes the steps of mixing together a dead polymer, a reactive plasticizer and an initiator to give a polymerizable composition; further processing the mixture in order to achieve a desired phase morphology and/or molecular orientation of the polymeric constituents; shaping the polymerizable composition into a desired geometry; and exposing the polymerizable composition to a source of polymerizing energy, without mixing, to give a final product with the desired phase morphology and/or molecular orientation locked in place. The phase morphology and molecular orientation present just prior to cure of the polymerizable composition is subsequently trapped or locked in place by the curing step so that further changes in morphology are hindered or prevented.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种快速原位固化可聚合材料以提供“形态学被捕”的大分子网络和制品的方法。也就是说，它们表现出通过固化步骤锁定的固定相形态和/或分子取向。该方法包括将死聚合物，活性增塑剂和引发剂混合在一起以产生可聚合组合物的步骤; 进一步处理混合物以实现聚合物组分的期望相形态和/或分子取向; 将可聚合组合物成型为所需的几何形状; 并将可聚合组合物暴露于聚合能源，而不混合，得到具有所需相形态和/或分子取向锁定在适当位置的最终产物。在固化可聚合组合物之前存在的相态和分子取向随后通过固化步骤被捕获或锁定在适当位置，从而妨碍或防止形态的进一步变化。

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