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1. 发明授权

US07762310B2 Cladding superplastic alloys 有权
标题翻译：包覆超塑性合金
公开(公告)号：US07762310B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-27
申请号：US11786840
申请日：2007-04-12
申请人： Michael J. Bull , David J. Lloyd , Phil Morris , Paul A. Wycliffe , Robert Bruce Wagstaff , Alok K. Gupta , Gijsbertus Langelaan
发明人： Michael J. Bull , David J. Lloyd , Phil Morris , Paul A. Wycliffe , Robert Bruce Wagstaff , Alok K. Gupta , Gijsbertus Langelaan
IPC分类号： B22D11/00 , B22D7/02 , B22D19/16
CPC分类号： B22D11/007 , B32B15/016 , C22C21/06 , C22C21/08 , Y10T428/12764
摘要： A method of producing a clad sheet article having superplastic properties, and the resulting clad sheet article. The method involves producing a cladding layer onto at least one rolling face of a core ingot made of a metal having superplastic properties, preferably by co-casting, to form a clad ingot and then rolling said clad ingot to produce a sheet article. The core ingot includes an element that diffuses from an interior of the ingot to a surface at superplastic forming temperatures thereby deteriorating surface properties of the ingot. The cladding layer is provided with an element (dopant) that reacts with the element of the core to reduce the ability of the element to diffuse through the cladding layer.
摘要翻译：一种制造具有超塑性的复合板制品的方法，以及所得的包覆板制品。该方法包括在由具有超塑性的金属制成的芯锭的至少一个滚动面上产生包覆层，优选通过共铸铸造，以形成包层锭，然后轧制所述包覆锭以制造片材制品。芯锭包括从超晶格形成温度从锭的内部扩散到表面的元素，从而劣化锭的表面性质。包覆层设置有与芯的元件反应的元素（掺杂剂），以降低元件扩散通过包覆层的能力。

2. 发明授权

US5616189A Aluminum alloys and process for making aluminum alloy sheet 失效
标题翻译：铝合金和制造铝合金板的工艺
公开(公告)号：US5616189A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-01
申请号：US279214
申请日：1994-07-22
申请人： Iljoon Jin , John Fitzsimon , Michael J. Bull , Pierre H. Marois , Alok K. Gupta , David J. Lloyd
发明人： Iljoon Jin , John Fitzsimon , Michael J. Bull , Pierre H. Marois , Alok K. Gupta , David J. Lloyd
IPC分类号： B22D11/00 , B22D11/06 , C22C21/02 , C22C21/06 , C22C21/08 , C22C21/14 , C22C21/16 , C22F1/00 , C22F1/043 , C22F1/05 , C22F1/057 , C22F1/04
CPC分类号： C22C21/16 , C22C21/02 , C22C21/08 , C22C21/14 , C22F1/043 , C22F1/05 , C22F1/057
摘要： An alloy of aluminum containing magnesium, silicon and optionally copper in amounts in percent by weight falling within one of the following ranges:(1) 0.4.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.0.8, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5, 0.3.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.3.5;(2) 0.8.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.1.4, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5, Cu.ltoreq.2.5; and(3) 0.4.ltoreq.Mg.ltoreq.1.0, 0.2.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.1.4, Cu.ltoreq.2.0; said alloyhaving been formed into a sheet having properties suitable for automotive applications. The alloy may also contain at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of Fe in an amount of 0.4 percent by weight or less, Mn in an amount of 0.4 percent by weight or less, Zn in an amount of 0.3 percent by weight or less and a small amount of at least one other element, such as Cr, Ti, Zr and V. The alloy may be fabricated into sheet material suitable for automotive panels by, in a belt casting machine, producing alloy sheet by casting the alloy while extracting heat from the alloy at a rate that avoids both shell distortion of the sheet and excessive surface segregation, at least until said alloy freezes; solution heat treating the sheet to re-dissolve precipitated particles; and cooling the sheet at a rate that produces a T4 temper and a potential T8X temper suitable for automotive panels. By such means, panels suitable for automotive use can be produced efficiently and economically.
摘要翻译：含有镁，硅和任选铜的铝的合金，其重量百分比在下列范围之内：（1）0.4

3. 发明授权

US5306362A Aluminum alloy and method of making 失效
标题翻译：铝合金及其制作方法
公开(公告)号：US5306362A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-26
申请号：US950423
申请日：1992-09-23
申请人： Alok K. Gupta , David J. Lloyd , Pierre H. Marois
发明人： Alok K. Gupta , David J. Lloyd , Pierre H. Marois
IPC分类号： C22C21/12 , C22C21/16 , C22F1/057 , C22F1/04
CPC分类号： C22F1/057 , C22C21/16
摘要： The invention provides an aluminum alloy material consisting essentially of, by weight percent, 1% to 1.8% Cu, 0.8% to 1.4% Mg, 0.2% to 0.39% Si, 0.5% to 0.4% Fe, 0.05% to 0.40% Mn, with the balance aluminum with normal impurities. The alloy forms two precipitation phases during heat treatment and age hardening: a beta phase of Mg.sub.2 Si and an S' phase of Al.sub.2 CuMg. The alloy has improved formability without significant sacrifice of strength, and is particularly suited to be formed into automobile sheet metal parts such as hood lids, trunks lids, and fenders.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种铝合金材料，其基本上由以重量％计含量为1％至1.8％的Cu，0.8％至1.4％的Mg，0.2％至0.39％的Si，0.5％至0.4％的Fe，0.05％至0.40％的Mn，余量为铝与正常杂质。该合金在热处理和时效硬化期间形成两个析出相：Mg2Si的β相和Al2CuMg的S'相。该合金具有改善的成形性，而没有显着的强度牺牲，并且特别适合于形成汽车钣金零件如罩盖，树干盖和挡泥板。

4. 发明授权

US4180042A Fuel-air mixture regulator for internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于内燃机的燃油混合调节器
公开(公告)号：US4180042A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-25
申请号：US903881
申请日：1978-05-08
申请人： David J. Lloyd
发明人： David J. Lloyd
IPC分类号： F02B75/02 , F02M29/04 , F02M29/00
CPC分类号： F02M29/04 , F02B2075/027 , Y10T137/7839 , Y10T137/7892
摘要： A fuel-air mixture regulator for multiple cylinder four-cycle internal combustion engines is positioned between the carburetor and the intake manifold whereby the fuel and air mixture flowing from the carburetor passes through the fuel-air mixture regulator and undergoes an increase in velocity and turbulence enroute to the cylinders for better combustion. The mixture regulator includes a housing having a plurality ports. A thin, resilient, flexible reed for each port is adapted to seat thereover when the engine is not operating and moves away from the port to variably open same for flow of fuel-air mixture therethrough in response to pressure differentials on the reeds during engine operation. The size of the port opening is reduced at lower engine speeds and assures optimum fuel-air mixing and high velocity air flow even at such lower speed.
摘要翻译：用于多缸四冲程内燃机的燃料 - 空气混合调节器位于化油器和进气歧管之间，由此从化油器流出的燃料和空气混合物通过燃料 - 空气混合调节器并且经历速度和湍流的增加通向气缸以更好地燃烧。混合调节器包括具有多个端口的壳体。当发动机不工作时，用于每个端口的薄而弹性好的弹性簧片适于在发动机不工作时位于其上，并响应于在发动机运行期间的簧片上的压力差而离开端口可变地打开相同的燃料 - 空气混合物流。在较低的发动机转速下，开口尺寸减小，即使在较低的速度下也能保证最佳的燃油混合和高速气流。

5. 发明授权

US5028392A Melt process for the production of metal-matrix composite materials with enhanced particle/matrix wetting 失效
标题翻译：用于生产具有增强的颗粒/基质润湿性的金属基复合材料的熔融过程
公开(公告)号：US5028392A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-02
申请号：US538225
申请日：1990-06-14
申请人： David J. Lloyd , Alan D. McLeod , Philip L. Morris , Iljoon Jin
发明人： David J. Lloyd , Alan D. McLeod , Philip L. Morris , Iljoon Jin
IPC分类号： B22D1/00 , C22C1/10 , C22C21/00 , C22C32/00
CPC分类号： B22D1/00 , C22C1/1036 , C22C32/0036 , Y10T428/12486
摘要： A metal matrix composite material containing discontinuous particles in a metallic matrix is prepared by forming a mixture of the molten alloy and the particles in a closed reactor, removing oxygen from the interior of the reactor, statically pressurizing the interior of the reactor with nitrogen gas, mixing the mixture of the molten alloy and particles in the presence of the static nitrogen gas to wet the molten matrix to the particles, and evacuating the interior of the reactor in a stepwise manner. The nitrogen gas aids in wetting the metallic alloy to the particles by forming aluminum nitride at the particle-molten matrix interface, so that a lower contact angle of the alloy to the particle results. Oxygen that may be present in the sealed reactor is gettered by the aluminum, and the nitrogen is removed by stepwise evacuation, thereby minimizing the introduction of gas into, and retention of gas within, the melt.
摘要翻译：通过在密闭反应器中形成熔融合金和颗粒的混合物来制备金属基体中含有不连续颗粒的金属基质复合材料，从反应器内部除去氧气，用氮气静置加压反应器内部，在静态氮气存在下将熔融合金和颗粒的混合物混合，将熔融基体润湿颗粒，并逐步排空反应器内部。氮气有助于通过在颗粒 - 熔融基质界面处形成氮化铝将金属合金润湿到颗粒中，从而导致合金与颗粒的较低接触角。可能存在于密封反应器中的氧气被铝吸收，并且通过逐步排空除去氮气，从而最小化气体进入和保持熔体内的气体。

6. 发明授权

US4878338A Grass cutting machine 失效
标题翻译：割草机
公开(公告)号：US4878338A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US143850
申请日：1988-01-19
申请人： Edward J. Aldred , David J. Lloyd
发明人： Edward J. Aldred , David J. Lloyd
IPC分类号： A01D34/42 , A01D34/43 , A01D34/44 , A01D34/62
CPC分类号： A01D34/44 , A01D34/42 , A01D34/43 , A01D2101/00 , Y10S56/15
摘要： A grass cutting machine has two forward cutting units (24) and one rear central unit (46). The mechanism at, for example, the margin of a golf green, provides a time delay between lifting or lowering of the front (24) and rear cutting units (46) which is determined by the distance travelled by the machine. In this way it is ensured that all unites start and stop cutting at the same reference point on the ground.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB87 / 00341 Sec。 371日期1988年1月19日 102（e）1988年1月19日PCT PCT 1987年5月18日PCT公布。出版物WO87 / 06792 日期：1987年11月19日。草切割机具有两个前切割单元（24）和一个后中央单元（46）。在例如高尔夫球绿的边缘处的机构提供了由机器行进的距离确定的前（24）和后切割单元（46）的提升或降低之间的时间延迟。以这种方式，确保所有单位在地面上的相同参考点开始和停止切割。

7. 发明授权

US5523050A Method of preparing improved eutectic or hyper-eutectic alloys and composites based thereon 失效
标题翻译：基于此制备改良的共晶或超共晶合金及其复合材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5523050A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-04
申请号：US032437
申请日：1993-03-15
申请人： David J. Lloyd , Iljoon Jin
发明人： David J. Lloyd , Iljoon Jin
IPC分类号： C22C1/02 , C22C1/10 , C22C21/04 , C22C32/00 , C22C21/00 , C22C1/00
CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 , C22C32/00 , Y10T428/12535 , Y10T428/12576 , Y10T428/12611
摘要： A method is described for preparing a refined or reinforced eutectic or hyper-eutectic metal alloy, comprising: melting the eutectic or hyper-eutectic metal alloy, adding particles of non-metallic refractory material to the molten metal matrix, mixing together the molten metal alloy and the particles of refractory material, and casting the resulting mixture under conditions causing precipitation of at least one intermetallic phase from the molten metal matrix during solidification thereof such that the intermetallics formed during solidification wet and engulf said refractory particles. The added particles may be very small and serve only to refine the precipitating intermetallics in the alloy or they may be larger and serve as reinforcing particles in a composite with the alloy. The products obtained are also novel.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于制备精炼或增强的共晶或超共晶金属合金的方法，包括：熔化共晶或超共晶金属合金，将非金属耐火材料的颗粒添加到熔融金属基体中，将熔融金属合金和耐火材料颗粒，并在所述混合物的凝固期间从熔融金属基体中引起至少一种金属间化合物析出的条件下浇铸所得混合物，使得在固化期间形成的金属间化合物湿润并吞噬所述耐火材料颗粒。添加的颗粒可能非常小，仅用于细化合金中的沉淀金属间化合物，或者它们可以更大并且用作与合金的复合材料中的增强颗粒。所获得的产品也是新颖的。

8. 发明授权

US5246057A Cast composite materials having an Al-Mg matrix alloy 失效
标题翻译：具有AL-MG MATRIX合金的CAST复合材料
公开(公告)号：US5246057A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US839835
申请日：1992-02-21
申请人： Inge L. H. Hansson , David J. Lloyd , Iljoon Jin , Michael D. Skibo
发明人： Inge L. H. Hansson , David J. Lloyd , Iljoon Jin , Michael D. Skibo
IPC分类号： C22C1/10 , C22C21/00 , C22C21/06 , C22C32/00
CPC分类号： C22C32/00 , C22C1/1036 , C22C21/06 , C22C32/0036 , C22C2001/1047 , C22C2001/1052
摘要： A method for preparing a composite material comprises the steps of providing a first mixture of a molten aluminum-base matrix alloy having at least about 4 percent by weight magnesium, and a mass of discontinuous reinforcing particles that are not soluble in the molten matrix alloy, and mixing the first mixture to wet the matrix alloy to the particles and to distribute the particles throughout the volume of the molten matrix alloy. The first matrix alloy is diluted to reduce the magnesium content of the mixture to less than about 4 percent by weight magnesium, to produce a second mixture, and the second mixture is cast. The second mixture has at least about 5 volume percent particles, and preferably has about 5-25 volume percent particles.
摘要翻译：制备复合材料的方法包括以下步骤：提供具有至少约4重量％镁的熔融铝基基质合金和不溶于熔融基质合金的不连续增强颗粒的质量的第一混合物，并将第一混合物混合以将基质合金润湿至颗粒，并将颗粒分散在整个熔融基质合金的体积中。将第一种基质合金稀释以将混合物的镁含量降低至小于约4％（重量）的镁，以产生第二种混合物，并将第二种混合物浇铸。第二混合物具有至少约5体积％的颗粒，优选具有约5-25体积％的颗粒。

9. 发明授权

US06257312B1 Preparation of metal-matrix composite materials with high particulate loadings by concentration 失效
标题翻译：通过浓缩制备高颗粒负荷的金属基复合材料
公开(公告)号：US06257312B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-10
申请号：US09131131
申请日：1998-08-07
申请人： Don Doutre , Gary Hay , Iljoon Jin , Peter Wales , David J. Lloyd
发明人： Don Doutre , Gary Hay , Iljoon Jin , Peter Wales , David J. Lloyd
IPC分类号： B22D1914
CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 , C22C1/1094 , C22C2001/1047 , H01L23/15 , H01L23/3733 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A composite material having less than about 25 volume percent refractory particles in a metal matrix is concentrated to have about 37-45 volume percent refractory particles. The concentrating is accomplished by heating the composite material to melt the matrix, and then contacting the molten composite material to a porous element having an average pore size greater than that of the average particle size. A small pressure differential, on the order of about one atmosphere, is applied across the porous element, so that metal matrix material separates from the composite material and flows through the porous element. The particulate volume fraction in the composite material gradually increases. When the particulate volume fraction exceeds about 37 volume percent, the mass of composite material becomes semi-solid and freestanding. The resulting composite material may be further processed, as by forming to a useful shape or diluting with another matrix material.
摘要翻译：在金属基质中具有少于约25体积％的难熔颗粒的复合材料被浓缩以具有约37-45体积％的耐火颗粒。浓缩通过加热复合材料以熔化基质，然后使熔融的复合材料与平均孔径大于平均粒径的多孔元件接触来实现。大约一个大气压的小压差施加在多孔元件上，使得金属基质材料与复合材料分离并流过多孔元件。复合材料中的颗粒体积分数逐渐增加。当颗粒体积分数超过约37体积％时，复合材料的质量变成半固体和独立的。所得到的复合材料可以进一步加工，如通过形成有用的形状或用另一种基质材料稀释。

10. 发明授权

US6015528A Apparatus and process for casting metal matrix composite materials 失效
标题翻译：铸造金属基复合材料的设备和工艺
公开(公告)号：US6015528A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-18
申请号：US610671
申请日：1996-03-04
申请人： Richard S. Bruski , Larry G. Hudson , Iljoon Jin , David J. Lloyd , Michael D. Skibo
发明人： Richard S. Bruski , Larry G. Hudson , Iljoon Jin , David J. Lloyd , Michael D. Skibo
IPC分类号： B22D11/00 , B22D1/00 , B22D11/10 , B22D11/11 , B22D11/112 , B22D11/114 , B22D11/115 , B22D11/116 , B22D19/14 , C22C1/10
CPC分类号： B22D1/00 , B22D11/11 , B22D19/14 , Y10T428/12486
摘要： A composite material mixture of free flowing reinforcement particles in a molten metal is solidified at a cooling rate greater than about 15.degree. C. per second between the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the matrix alloy. This high cooling rate imparts a homogeneous structure to the solid composite material. Care is taken to avoid the introduction of gas bubbles into the molten composite material while the mixture is stirred to prevent segregation of the particles. For viscous melts, an artificial surface layer such as a fiberglass blanket may be used to prevent entrapment of bubbles during pre-casting stirring. Additionally, gas bubbles are removed from the molten mixture by filtering and skimming.
摘要翻译：在熔融金属中的自由流动的增强颗粒的复合材料混合物在基质合金的液相线和固相线温度之间以大于约15℃/秒的冷却速率固化。这种高冷却速率赋予固体复合材料均匀的结构。注意避免在熔融的复合材料中引入气泡，同时搅拌混合物以防止颗粒分离。对于粘性熔体，可以使用诸如玻璃纤维毯的人造表面层来防止在预浇铸搅拌期间夹带气泡。此外，通过过滤和撇取从熔融混合物中除去气泡。

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