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1. 发明授权

US07369233B2 Optical system for measuring samples using short wavelength radiation 有权
标题翻译：用于使用短波长辐射测量样品的光学系统
公开(公告)号：US07369233B2
公开(公告)日：2008-05-06
申请号：US10718126
申请日：2003-11-19
申请人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Shing Lee , Hidong Kwak , Sergio Edelstein , Guoheng Zhao , Gary Janik
发明人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Shing Lee , Hidong Kwak , Sergio Edelstein , Guoheng Zhao , Gary Janik
IPC分类号： G01N21/17
CPC分类号： G01N21/9501 , G01N21/8806
摘要： In an optical system measuring sample characteristics, by reducing the amount of ambient absorbing gas or gases and moisture present in at least a portion of the illumination and detection paths experienced by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation used in the measurement process, the attenuation of such wavelength components can be reduced. Such reduction can be accomplished by a process without requiring the evacuation of all gases and moisture from the measurement system. In one embodiment, the reduction can be accomplished by displacing at least some of the absorbing gas(es) and moisture present in at least a portion of the measuring paths so as to reduce the attenuation of VUV radiation. In this manner, the sample does not need to be placed in a vacuum, thereby enhancing system throughput.
摘要翻译：在测量样品特性的光学系统中，通过减少在测量过程中使用的真空紫外线（VUV）辐射所经历的照明和检测路径的至少一部分中存在的环境吸收气体或气体和水分的量，可以减少波长分量。这种还原可以通过一种方法来实现，而不需要从测量系统排出所有的气体和水分。在一个实施例中，可以通过置换至少部分测量路径中的至少一些吸收气体和水分来实现还原，以便减少VUV辐射的衰减。以这种方式，样品不需要放置在真空中，从而提高系统产量。

2. 发明申请

US20090195779A1 SYSTEM FOR SCATTEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS 有权
标题翻译： SCATTERMETRIC测量和应用系统
公开(公告)号：US20090195779A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-06
申请号：US12410379
申请日：2009-03-24
申请人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/45 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/9501 , G01N2021/213 , G01N2021/217 , G01N2021/8416 , G02B5/18
摘要： Instead of constructing a full multi-dimensional look-up-table as a model to find the critical dimension or other parameters in scatterometry, regression or other optimized estimation methods are employed starting from a “best guess” value of the parameter. Eigenvalues of models that are precalculated may be stored and reused later for other structures having certain common characteristics to save time. The scatterometric data that is used to find the value of the one or more parameter can be limited to those at wavelengths that are less sensitive to the underlying film characteristics. A model for a three-dimensional grating may be constructed by slicing a representative structure into a stack of slabs and creating an array of rectangular blocks to approximate each slab. One dimensional boundary problems may be solved for each block which are then matched to find a two-dimensional solution for the slab. A three-dimensional solution can then be constructed from the two-dimensional solutions for the slabs to yield the diffraction efficiencies of the three-dimensional grating. This model can then be used for finding the one or more parameters of the diffracting structure in scatterometry. Line roughness of a surface can be measured by directing a polarized incident beam in an incident plane normal to the line grating and measuring the cross-polarization coefficient. The value of the one or more parameters may then be supplied to a stepper or etcher to adjust a lithographic or etching process.
摘要翻译：不需要构建一个完整的多维查找表作为模型来查找散点图中的关键维度或其他参数，而是从参数的“最佳猜测”值开始采用回归或其他优化的估计方法。预先计算的模型的特征值可以稍后存储并重用于具有某些共同特征的其他结构以节省时间。用于查找一个或多个参数的值的散点数据可以限于那些对底层薄膜特性较不敏感的波长数据。三维光栅的模型可以通过将代表性结构切片成一叠平板并且产生矩形块阵列来近似每个平板来构造。可以为每个块解决一维边界问题，然后将其匹配以找到板的二维解。然后可以从板的二维解决方案中构建三维解，以产生三维光栅的衍射效率。然后，该模型可用于在散射测量中找到衍射结构的一个或多个参数。可以通过将垂直于线光栅的入射平面中的偏振入射光束引导并测量交叉极化系数来测量表面的线粗糙度。然后可以将一个或多个参数的值提供给步进器或蚀刻器以调整光刻或蚀刻工艺。

3. 发明申请

US20080084567A1 System for Scatterometric Measurements and Applications 有权
标题翻译：散射测量和应用系统
公开(公告)号：US20080084567A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-10
申请号：US11945949
申请日：2007-11-27
申请人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01B11/24 , G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/45 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/9501 , G01N2021/213 , G01N2021/217 , G01N2021/8416 , G02B5/18
摘要： Instead of constructing a full multi-dimensional look-up-table as a model to find the critical dimension or other parameters in scatterometry, regression or other optimized estimation methods are employed starting from a “best guess” value of the parameter. Eigenvalues of models that are precalculated may be stored and reused later for other structures having certain common characteristics to save time. The scatterometric data that is used to find the value of the one or more parameter can be limited to those at wavelengths that are less sensitive to the underlying film characteristics. A model for a three-dimensional grating may be constructed by slicing a representative structure into a stack of slabs and creating an array of rectangular blocks to approximate each slab. One dimensional boundary problems may be solved for each block which are then matched to find a two-dimensional solution for the slab. A three-dimensional solution can then be constructed from the two-dimensional solutions for the slabs to yield the diffraction efficiencies of the three-dimensional grating. This model can then be used for finding the one or more parameters of the diffracting structure in scatterometry. Line roughness of a surface can be measured by directing a polarized incident beam in an incident plane normal to the line grating and measuring the cross-polarization coefficient. The value of the one or more parameters may then be supplied to a stepper or etcher to adjust a lithographic or etching process.
摘要翻译：不需要构建一个完整的多维查找表作为模型来查找散点图中的关键维度或其他参数，而是从参数的“最佳猜测”值开始采用回归或其他优化的估计方法。预先计算的模型的特征值可以稍后存储并重用于具有某些共同特征的其他结构以节省时间。用于查找一个或多个参数的值的散点数据可以限于那些对底层薄膜特性较不敏感的波长数据。三维光栅的模型可以通过将代表性结构切片成一叠平板并且产生矩形块阵列来近似每个平板来构造。可以为每个块解决一维边界问题，然后将其匹配以找到板的二维解。然后可以从板的二维解决方案中构建三维解，以产生三维光栅的衍射效率。然后，该模型可用于在散射测量中找到衍射结构的一个或多个参数。可以通过将垂直于线光栅的入射平面中的偏振入射光束引导并测量交叉极化系数来测量表面的线粗糙度。然后可以将一个或多个参数的值提供给步进器或蚀刻器以调整光刻或蚀刻工艺。

4. 发明授权

US07009704B1 Overlay error detection 失效
公开(公告)号：US07009704B1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US09697025
申请日：2000-10-26
申请人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Guoheng Zhao , Andrei V. Shchegrov , Ben Tsai
发明人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Guoheng Zhao , Andrei V. Shchegrov , Ben Tsai
IPC分类号： G01B11/00 , G01K9/00
CPC分类号： G03F7/70633 , G01B11/272
摘要： An overlay target with gratings thereon is illuminated and radiation scattered by the target is imaged onto detectors. A phase difference is then detected between the outputs of the detectors to find the mis-alignment error. In another aspect, an overlay target with gratings or box-in-box structures is illuminated and radiation scattered by the target is imaged onto detectors located away from the specular reflection direction of the illumination in a dark field detection scheme. Medium numerical aperture optics may be employed for collecting the radiation from the overlay target in a bright or dark field configuration so that the system has a larger depth of focus and so that the two structures of the target at different elevations can be measured accurately at the same time. Analytical functions are constructed for the grating type targets. By finding the phase difference between the two gratings at different elevations, misalignment errors can be detected. Analytical functions are constructed as a model for box-in-box type targets where data points away from the edges of the box or bars can be used in the curve fitting. Symmetrical functions are employed to further reduce noise.

5. 发明授权

US06628397B1 Apparatus and methods for performing self-clearing optical measurements 有权
标题翻译：用于执行自清除光学测量的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06628397B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-30
申请号：US09396143
申请日：1999-09-15
申请人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Shing M. Lee , Kalman Kele , Guoheng Zhao , Kurt R. Lehman
发明人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Shing M. Lee , Kalman Kele , Guoheng Zhao , Kurt R. Lehman
IPC分类号： G01N2155
CPC分类号： G01N21/15 , B24B37/005 , B24B49/12 , B24D7/12 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/0683
摘要： Disclosed is a self-clearing objective for directing a beam towards a sample and clearing away debris from an optical viewing path adjacent to the sample. The self-clearing objective includes an optical element and a substantially transparent fluid flowing between the optical element and the sample such that at least a portion adjacent to the sample is substantially cleared of debris. The optical element and the fluid cooperatively direct the beam towards the sample. This self-clearing objective may be coupled with various measurement devices to measure various characteristics of samples having debris that prevents clear optical measurements. Additionally, the measurement device may be integrated with or coupled to various sample processing systems so that the relevant process may be clearly monitored.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于将光束引向样品并从邻近样品的光学观察路径清除碎屑的自清除目标。自清除物镜包括在光学元件和样品之间流动的光学元件和基本上透明的流体，使得与样品相邻的至少一部分基本上被清除。光学元件和流体协调地将光束引向样品。这种自清除物镜可以与各种测量装置耦合，以测量具有防止清晰光学测量的碎片的样品的各种特性。此外，测量装置可以与各种样品处理系统集成或耦合到可以清楚地监测相关过程。

6. 发明授权

US07821654B2 System for scatterometric measurements and applications 有权
标题翻译：散射测量和应用系统
公开(公告)号：US07821654B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-26
申请号：US12410379
申请日：2009-03-24
申请人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01B11/34 , G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/45 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/9501 , G01N2021/213 , G01N2021/217 , G01N2021/8416 , G02B5/18
摘要： Instead of constructing a full multi-dimensional look-up-table as a model to find the critical dimension or other parameters in scatterometry, regression or other optimized estimation methods are employed starting from a “best guess” value of the parameter. Eigenvalues of models that are precalculated may be stored and reused later for other structures having certain common characteristics to save time. The scatterometric data that is used to find the value of the one or more parameter can be limited to those at wavelengths that are less sensitive to the underlying film characteristics. A model for a three-dimensional grating may be constructed by slicing a representative structure into a stack of slabs and creating an array of rectangular blocks to approximate each slab. One dimensional boundary problems may be solved for each block which are then matched to find a two-dimensional solution for the slab. A three-dimensional solution can then be constructed from the two-dimensional solutions for the slabs to yield the diffraction efficiencies of the three-dimensional grating. This model can then be used for finding the one or more parameters of the diffracting structure in scatterometry. Line roughness of a surface can be measured by directing a polarized incident beam in an incident plane normal to the line grating and measuring the cross-polarization coefficient. The value of the one or more parameters may then be supplied to a stepper or etcher to adjust a lithographic or etching process.
摘要翻译：不需要构建一个完整的多维查找表作为模型来查找散点图中的关键维度或其他参数，而是从参数的“最佳猜测”值开始采用回归或其他优化的估计方法。预先计算的模型的特征值可以稍后存储并重用于具有某些共同特征的其他结构以节省时间。用于查找一个或多个参数的值的散点数据可以限于那些对底层薄膜特性较不敏感的波长数据。三维光栅的模型可以通过将代表性结构切片成一叠平板并且产生矩形块阵列来近似每个平板来构造。可以为每个块解决一维边界问题，然后将其匹配以找到板的二维解。然后可以从板的二维解决方案中构建三维解，以产生三维光栅的衍射效率。然后，该模型可用于在散射测量中找到衍射结构的一个或多个参数。可以通过将垂直于线光栅的入射平面中的偏振入射光束引导并测量交叉极化系数来测量表面的线粗糙度。然后可以将一个或多个参数的值提供给步进器或蚀刻器以调整光刻或蚀刻工艺。

7. 发明授权

US07301649B2 System for scatterometric measurements and applications 有权
标题翻译：散射测量和应用系统
公开(公告)号：US07301649B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-27
申请号：US11192056
申请日：2005-07-27
申请人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel C. Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01B11/34 , G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/45 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/9501 , G01N2021/213 , G01N2021/217 , G01N2021/8416 , G02B5/18
摘要： Instead of constructing a full multi-dimensional look-up-table as a model to find the critical dimension or other parameters in scatterometry, regression or other optimized estimation methods are employed starting from a “best guess” value of the parameter. Eigenvalues of models that are precalculated may be stored and reused later for other structures having certain common characteristics to save time. The scatterometric data that is used to find the value of the one or more parameter can be limited to those at wavelengths that are less sensitive to the underlying film characteristics. A model for a three-dimensional grating may be constructed by slicing a representative structure into a stack of slabs and creating an array of rectangular blocks to approximate each slab. One dimensional boundary problems may be solved for each block which are then matched to find a two-dimensional solution for the slab. A three-dimensional solution can then be constructed from the two-dimensional solutions for the slabs to yield the diffraction efficiencies of the three-dimensional grating. This model can then be used for finding the one or more parameters of the diffracting structure in scatterometry. Line roughness of a surface can be measured by directing a polarized incident beam in an incident plane normal to the line grating and measuring the cross-polarization coefficient. The value of the one or more parameters may then be supplied to a stepper or etcher to adjust a lithographic or etching process.
摘要翻译：不需要构建一个完整的多维查找表作为模型来查找散点图中的关键维度或其他参数，而是从参数的“最佳猜测”值开始采用回归或其他优化的估计方法。预先计算的模型的特征值可以稍后存储并重用于具有某些共同特征的其他结构以节省时间。用于查找一个或多个参数的值的散点数据可以限于那些对底层薄膜特性较不敏感的波长数据。三维光栅的模型可以通过将代表性结构切片成一叠平板并且产生矩形块阵列来近似每个平板来构造。可以为每个块解决一维边界问题，然后将其匹配以找到板的二维解。然后可以从板的二维解决方案中构建三维解，以产生三维光栅的衍射效率。然后，该模型可用于在散射测量中找到衍射结构的一个或多个参数。可以通过将垂直于线光栅的入射平面中的偏振入射光束引导并测量交叉极化系数来测量表面的线粗糙度。然后可以将一个或多个参数的值提供给步进器或蚀刻器以调整光刻或蚀刻工艺。

8. 发明申请

US20050274901A1 System for scatterometric measurements and applications 有权
标题翻译：散射测量和应用系统
公开(公告)号：US20050274901A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-15
申请号：US11192056
申请日：2005-07-27
申请人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Anatoly Fabrikant , Guoheng Zhao , Daniel Wack , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01B11/00 , G01B11/30 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/95 , G02B5/18 , G03F1/08 , H01L21/027 , H01L21/66 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/45 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/9501 , G01N2021/213 , G01N2021/217 , G01N2021/8416 , G02B5/18
摘要： Instead of constructing a full multi-dimensional look-up-table as a model to find the critical dimension or other parameters in scatterometry, regression or other optimized estimation methods are employed starting from a “best guess” value of the parameter. Eigenvalues of models that are precalculated may be stored and reused later for other structures having certain common characteristics to save time. The scatterometric data that is used to find the value of the one or more parameter can be limited to those at wavelengths that are less sensitive to the underlying film characteristics. A model for a three-dimensional grating may be constructed by slicing a representative structure into a stack of slabs and creating an array of rectangular blocks to approximate each slab. One dimensional boundary problems may be solved for each block which are then matched to find a two-dimensional solution for the slab. A three-dimensional solution can then be constructed from the two-dimensional solutions for the slabs to yield the diffraction efficiencies of the three-dimensional grating. This model can then be used for finding the one or more parameters of the diffracting structure in scatterometry. Line roughness of a surface can be measured by directing a polarized incident beam in an incident plane normal to the line grating and measuring the cross-polarization coefficient. The value of the one or more parameters may then be supplied to a stepper or etcher to adjust a lithographic or etching process.
摘要翻译：不需要构建一个完整的多维查找表作为模型来查找散点图中的关键维度或其他参数，而是从参数的“最佳猜测”值开始采用回归或其他优化的估计方法。预先计算的模型的特征值可以稍后存储并重用于具有某些共同特征的其他结构以节省时间。用于查找一个或多个参数的值的散点数据可以限于那些对底层薄膜特性较不敏感的波长数据。三维光栅的模型可以通过将代表性结构切片成一叠平板并且产生矩形块阵列来近似每个平板来构造。可以为每个块解决一维边界问题，然后将其匹配以找到板的二维解。然后可以从板的二维解决方案中构建三维解，以产生三维光栅的衍射效率。然后，该模型可用于在散射测量中找到衍射结构的一个或多个参数。可以通过将垂直于线光栅的入射平面中的偏振入射光束引导并测量交叉极化系数来测量表面的线粗糙度。然后可以将一个或多个参数的值提供给步进器或蚀刻器以调整光刻或蚀刻工艺。

9. 发明申请

US20050099627A1 System for measuring periodic structures 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20050099627A1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-12
申请号：US11016148
申请日：2004-12-17
申请人： Guoheng Zhao , Kenneth Gross , Rodney Smedt , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
发明人： Guoheng Zhao , Kenneth Gross , Rodney Smedt , Mehrdad Nikoonahad
IPC分类号： G01B11/00 , G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/21 , G01B11/00 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/956
摘要： A periodic structure is illuminated by polychromatic electromagnetic radiation. Radiation from the structure is collected and divided into two rays having different polarization states. The two rays are detected from which one or more parameters of the periodic structure may be derived. In another embodiment, when the periodic structure is illuminated by a poly chromatic electromagnetic radiation, the collected radiation from the structure is passed through a polarization element having a polarization plane. The element and the polychromatic beam are controlled so that the polarization plane of the element are at two or more different orientations with respect to the plane of incidence of the polychromatic beam. Radiation that has passed through the element is detected when the plane of polarization is at the two or more positions so that one or more parameters of the periodic structure may be derived from the detected signals. At least one of the orientations of the plane of polarization is substantially stationary when the detection takes place. To have as small a footprint as possible, one employs an optical device that includes a first element directing a polychromatic beam of electromagnetic radiation to the structure and a second optical element collecting radiation from the structure where the two elements form an integral unit or are attached together to form an integrated unit. To reduce the footprint, the measurement instrument and the wafer are both moved. In one embodiment, both the apparatus and the wafer undergo translational motion transverse to each other. In a different arrangement, one of the two motions is translational and the other is rotational. Any one of the above-described embodiments may be included in an integrated processing and detection apparatus which also includes a processing system processing the sample, where the processing system is responsive to the output of any one of the above embodiments for adjusting a processing parameter.

10. 发明授权

US06753528B1 System for MEMS inspection and characterization 有权
标题翻译：用于MEMS检测和表征的系统
公开(公告)号：US06753528B1
公开(公告)日：2004-06-22
申请号：US10125820
申请日：2002-04-18
申请人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Guoheng Zhao
发明人： Mehrdad Nikoonahad , Guoheng Zhao
IPC分类号： G01N2117
CPC分类号： B81C99/005
摘要： A surface of the component in MEMS is illuminated by an illumination beam and the reflected beam is collected and detected by a position sensitive detector or photo detector array. As the surface is tilted about a pivot or about X and Y axes, the change in position of the collected beam is detected for characterizing the mechanical and optical properties of MEMS.
摘要翻译： MEMS中的部件的表面被照明光束照射，并且通过位置敏感检测器或光电检测器阵列收集和检测反射光束。当表面绕枢轴或约X轴和Y轴倾斜时，检测收集的光束的位置变化，以表征MEMS的机械和光学性质。

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