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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Retention factor database
    • 保留因子数据库
    • US6153438A
    • 2000-11-28
    • US859630
    • 1997-05-20
    • Leonid M. BlumbergBruce D. QuimbyMatthew S. Klee
    • Leonid M. BlumbergBruce D. QuimbyMatthew S. Klee
    • G01N30/32G01N30/86G01N30/88G01N30/02
    • G01N30/8651G01N2030/8804G01N30/32G01N30/8631
    • A method for identifying analytes of interest by referencing to a retention factor database corresponding to a plurality of identified analytes that is independent of column dimensions and carrier gas type while dependent upon stationary phase type ratio and a relative temperature program. The retention factor database is generated on a reference GC system in which the column head pressure is adjusted to ensure high reproducibility of retention times by locking the column void time and/or the retention time of an identified analyte to a specific value such that accurate retention factors (k) can be calculated in accordance with the formula: ##EQU1## where VT is the void time of the column having a specified stationary phase and phase coating installed in a GC system operating in accordance to a specified temperature program (where time is expressed in units of column void time).
    • 通过参考与多个识别的分析物相对应的保留因子数据库来识别感兴趣的分析物的方法,其独立于列尺寸和载气类型,同时依赖于固定相型比率和相对温度程序。 保留因子数据库是在参考GC系统上产生的,其中柱头压力被调整以通过将所确定的分析物的柱空隙时间和/或保留时间锁定到特定值来确保保留时间的高再现性,使得精确保留 因子(k)可以根据以下公式计算:其中VT是具有指定的固定相和相涂层的柱的空隙时间,其安装在根据指定温度程序操作的GC系统中(时间以单位表示 的列空闲时间)。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Analog-to-digital converter
    • 模数转换器
    • US5448239A
    • 1995-09-05
    • US202311
    • 1994-02-25
    • Leonid M. BlumbergJoseph BushRobert P. Rhodes
    • Leonid M. BlumbergJoseph BushRobert P. Rhodes
    • H03M1/14H03M1/52H03M1/50
    • H03M1/145H03M1/52
    • Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D converter) consisting of several continuously integrating charge balancing (CB) conversion stages. During each conversion interval, all CB capacitors are discharged by a reference current. In each stage, the end of the discharge of the CB capacitor is detected by a zero crossing detector. Time intervals between the zero crossing events and corresponding discharge termination events represent time equivalents of quantization errors. Each stage, other than the first, converts the time equivalents of quantization errors of the previous stage. Output of the entire multistage A/D converter is combined from the outputs of all stages in a way which provides compensation of a quantization error of any stage by the output of the next stage. Quantization noise (sequence of quantization errors) of the entire A/D converter becomes the same as the N-time differenced (N-number of stages) quantization noise of the last stage. The differencing shapes spectral density of quantization noise in such a way that the largest portion of the noise energy becomes shifted outside of the signal bandwidth. The larger the number of stages, the smaller the in-band portion of the quantization noise. The out-of-band portion of quantization noise can be filtered out in the post-conversion digital signal processing.
    • 由数字连续积分电荷平衡(CB)转换级组成的模数转换器(A / D转换器)。 在每个转换间隔期间,所有CB电容都通过参考电流放电。 在每个阶段,CB电容器的放电结束由过零检测器检测。 零交叉事件和相应的放电终止事件之间的时间间隔表示量化误差的等效时间。 除了第一级之外的每个阶段转换前一级的量化误差的时间等价物。 整个多级A / D转换器的输出从所有级的输出组合起来,其方法是通过下一级的输出提供任何级的量化误差的补偿。 整个A / D转换器的量化噪声(量化误差序列)与最后一级的N次差分(N级)量化噪声相同。 差分形式使得噪声能量的最大部分变得偏离信号带宽以外的量化噪声的频谱密度。 级数越大,量化噪声的带内部分越小。 量化噪声的带外部分可以在后转换数字信号处理中被滤除。