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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Method for evaluating electroless plating
    • 化学镀的评估方法
    • US4331699A
    • 1982-05-25
    • US125567
    • 1980-02-28
    • Masayuki SuzukiYuichi SatoKen-ichi Kanno
    • Masayuki SuzukiYuichi SatoKen-ichi Kanno
    • G01N27/26C23C18/31G01N17/02C23C3/02
    • G01N17/02
    • A test piece is immersed in an electroless plating bath. It is then electrically charged instantaneously via a counter electrode to have a polarization potential .eta.(t) of a few millivolts. The charge consumed by the electroless plating reaction of the test piece is measured by a potential recorder in the form of a variation of the polarization potential .eta.(t) with respect to time t. The .eta.(t)-t relation is analyzed to obtain a resistance R of the test piece. After the potential of the test piece has returns to electroless deposition potential E.sub.ELP, the test piece is charged again until its polarization potential .eta.(t) rises to 50 millivolts or more. A .eta.(t)-t relation is obtained. Based on the .eta.(t)-t relation, a Tafel slope .beta..sub.a of anodic reaction is obtained. After the potential of the test piece has returned to electroless deposition potential E.sub.ELP, the test piece is so charged for the third time as to have its polarization potential .eta.(t) lowered to -50 millivolts or less, and a .eta.(t)-t relation is obtained. This relation is analyzed to obtain a Tafel slope .beta..sub.c of anodic reaction of the test piece. Based on the reaction resistance R, Tafel slopes .beta..sub.a and .beta..sub.c, an electroless plating current density I.sub.ELP is obtained. Based on the electroless plating current density I.sub.ELP, a rate of electroless plating V.sub.ELP is calculated.
    • 将试验片浸在无电镀浴中。 然后通过对电极瞬时充电以具有几毫伏的极化电位eta(t)。 测试片的无电解电镀反应所消耗的电荷由潜在的记录器以相对于时间t的极化电位eta(t)变化的形式测量。 分析eta(t)-t关系,得到试片的电阻R。 在试片的电位返回到无电沉积电位EELP之后,再次对试片进行充电,直到其极化电位eta(t)上升到50毫伏以上。 得到eta(t)-t关系。 基于eta(t)-t关系,获得了阳极反应的Tafel斜率βa。 在试片的电位恢复到无电沉积电位EELP之后,试样第三次如此充电使其极化电位eta(t)降至-50毫伏或更小,eta(t) - t关系。 分析该关系以获得试件的阳极反应的Tafel斜率βc。 基于反应电阻R,Tafel斜率βa和βc,得到化学镀电流密度IELP。 基于化学镀电流密度IELP,计算化学镀VELP的速率。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Method of evaluating the corrosion rate of metal
    • 评估金属腐蚀速率的方法
    • US4190502A
    • 1980-02-26
    • US950051
    • 1978-10-10
    • Ken-ichi KannoMasayuki SuzukiYuichi SatoMasamichi Machida
    • Ken-ichi KannoMasayuki SuzukiYuichi SatoMasamichi Machida
    • G01N27/26G01N17/00G01N17/02G01N27/46G01N27/30
    • G01N17/02
    • A metal test piece is disposed in a cell filled with a test solution. The metal test piece is electrically charged instantaneously through a counter electrode so as to have a few millivolts polarization potential .eta..sub.t. The charge consumed by the corrosion reaction of the test piece is measured by a potential recorder in the form of a variation of the polarization potential .eta..sub.t with respect to time t. The measured (.eta..sub.t -t) relation is analyzed to obtain a polarization resistance R.sub.P of the metal test piece. After the potential of the metal test piece returns to its natural potential Ecorr, the test piece is charged again until its polarization potential .eta..sub.t rises to 50 millivolts or more, and the (.eta..sub.t -t) relation is measured in the same way as mentioned above. Based on this relation, the Tafel slope .beta..sub.a of the anodic reaction is obtained. After the potential of the metal test piece has returned to its natural potential Ecorr, the test piece is so charged for the third time as to have its polarization potential .eta..sub.t lowered to -50 millivolts or less, and the (.eta..sub.t -t) relation is measured. This relation is analyzed to obtain the Tafel slope .beta..sub.c of the cathodic reaction. Based on the polarization resistance R.sub.P, Tafel slopes .beta..sub.a and .beta..sub.c, the corrosion current density I.sub.corr is obtained, from which the corrosion rate V is calculated.
    • 将金属试片放置在填充有测试溶液的电池中。 金属试片瞬间通过对电极进行充电,从而具有几毫伏的极化电位等。 试验片的腐蚀反应所消耗的电荷用潜在的记录仪以相对于时间t的偏振电位等的变化的形式来测量。 分析测得的(eta t-t)关系,得到金属试片的极化电阻RP。 在金属试片的电位恢复到其自然电位Ecorr之后,再次对试片进行充电,直到其极化电位升至50毫伏以上,并且以与上述相同的方式测量(等)关系) 。 基于这种关系,获得了阳极反应的Tafel斜率βa。 在金属试片的电位恢复到其自然电位Ecorr之后,试样第三次如此充电以使其极化电位等于或低于-50毫伏,(eta tt)关系为 测量。 分析该关系以获得阴极反应的Tafel斜率βc。 基于极化电阻RP,Tafel斜率βa和βc,得到腐蚀电流密度Icorr,从中计算腐蚀速率V.
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Method of evaluating the corrosion rates of metals
    • 评估金属腐蚀速率的方法
    • US4130464A
    • 1978-12-19
    • US798168
    • 1977-05-18
    • Kenichi KannoMasayuki SuzukiYuichi Sato
    • Kenichi KannoMasayuki SuzukiYuichi Sato
    • G01N17/02G01N27/416G01N27/46G01N27/30
    • G01N17/02
    • A test piece of metal with a given area S is disposed with a reference electrode in test solution. The open circuit potential E.sub.cor, i.e. the corrosion potential, of the test piece is measured as the reference electrode potential. A given amount of charges q from a capacitor is instantaneously fed through the reference electrode to the electrical double layer of the test piece. When that a given amount of charge q is stored in the electrical double layer, the absolute value of polarization potential of the test piece sharply increases. Then, the absolute value of the polarization potential gradually decreases due to the corrosion reaction. The polarization potential variation is recorded referred to the reference electrode as a polarization potential (.eta..sub.t) - time (t) curve by a potential recorder with an extremely high input impedance. The measurement result of the polarization potential (.eta..sub.t) - time (t) curve may be theoretically expressed by the equation log .eta..sub.t = -t/(C.sub.D R.sub.p) + log .eta..sub.0. Therefore, the initial polarization potential .eta..sub.0 may be obtained by extrapolating the measurement result to the initial time t=0. The differential capacitance of the double layer C.sub.D can readily be calculated by the equation q/S = .DELTA.q = C.sub.D .eta..sub.0, and thus the polarization resistance R.sub.p is obtained from the measurement result. Since the polarization resistance R.sub.p is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate, the corrosion rate may be evaluated. The corrosion rate also is obtained from the polarization resistance R.sub.p by using a theoretical equation.
    • 具有给定面积S的金属测试片与测试溶液中的参考电极一起布置。 测量试片的开路电位Ecor即腐蚀电位作为参考电极电位。 将来自电容器的给定量的电荷q通过参考电极瞬时馈送到测试片的双电层。 当电双重层中存储给定量的电荷q时,试片的极化电位的绝对值急剧增加。 然后,由于腐蚀反应,极化电位的绝对值逐渐降低。 通过具有极高输入阻抗的电位记录器将参考电极参考的极化电位变化记录为极化电位(eta t) - 时间(t)曲线。 极化电位(eta t) - 时间(t)曲线的测量结果可以理论上由等式log eta t = -t /(CDRp)+ log eta 0表示。因此,可以获得初始极化电位eta 0 通过将测量结果外推到初始时间t = 0。 双层CD的差分电容可以容易地通过等式q / S = DELTA q = CD eta 0计算,因此从测量结果获得极化电阻Rp。 由于极化电阻Rp与腐蚀速度成反比,所以可以评价腐蚀速率。 也可以通过使用理论方程从极化电阻Rp获得腐蚀速率。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Flush toilet
    • 抽水马桶
    • US08418277B2
    • 2013-04-16
    • US12438965
    • 2007-08-29
    • Mayu OkuboYoshikazu UshijimaYuichi SatoYoshinobu KatoRyosuke HayashiAyako Harada
    • Mayu OkuboYoshikazu UshijimaYuichi SatoYoshinobu KatoRyosuke HayashiAyako Harada
    • E03D11/00
    • E03D5/01E03D5/10E03D2201/30
    • A flush toilet in which an appropriate amount of water is supplied and that can be installed in an area where water pressure is low. The flush toilet is flushed with pressurized flush water and has a flush toilet body having a bowl and a drain trap pipe path; a pressurizing pump for pressurizing flush water to be jetted out; a water storage tank for storing flush water to be pressurized; flush control means for causing rim water discharge to be performed for a predetermined rim water discharge time by water supply pressure of running water and also causing jet water discharge to be made to flush the bowl; flush water replenishing means for replenishing, after the bowl is flushed, flush water to the water storage tank from the running water to thereby return the amount of flush water stored in the water storage tank to a specified level; timing means for measuring a water replenishing time after the flush water replenishing is started until the amount of flush water stored in the water storage tank return to the specified level; and water discharge time regulation means for regulating the rim water discharge time based on the water replenishing time.
    • 一种冲水马桶,其中供应适量的水,并且可以安装在水压较低的区域。 冲水马桶用加压冲洗水冲洗,并具有带有碗和排水管道通道的抽水马桶主体; 用于对冲洗水进行加压以加压的加压泵; 用于储存冲洗水以加压的储水箱; 冲洗控制装置,用于通过自来水的供水压力使预定的轮辋排水时间进行轮辋排水,并且还引起喷射水排出以冲洗碗; 冲洗水补充装置,在碗被冲洗后,从自来水冲洗水到储水箱,从而将存储在储水箱中的冲洗水量返回到指定水平; 定时装置,用于在开始冲洗水补充之后测量补水时间,直到储存在储水箱中的冲洗水量达到指定水平; 和排水时间调节装置,用于根据补水时间调节轮辋排水时间。