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1. 发明授权

US4175365A Method and apparatus for measuring distances 失效
标题翻译：测量距离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4175365A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-27
申请号：US661761
申请日：1976-02-26
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Horst Schmidt
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Horst Schmidt
IPC分类号： G01C3/08 , G01D5/38 , G02B27/46
CPC分类号： G01C3/085 , G01D5/38 , G02B27/46
摘要： A method and apparatus for the automatic evaluation of stereoscopic images by the determination of the maximum degree of correlation of identical images of an object reproduced by two objectives, for example for a range finder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one and/or two position frequency filters (82, 21, 31, 32) identical in their structures; the respective superimposed signal produced is fed respectively to one photoelectric receiver (13,14,43,44); and the output signals of the photoelectric receivers are used for indicating and/or control purposes. In one embodiment the position frequency filter (82) is moved and the output signals are correlated with each other. In another embodiment the output signals are subtracted from each other.
摘要翻译：用于通过确定由两个目标再现的对象的相同图像的最大相关度的自动评估的方法和装置，例如用于测距仪，其中两个图像叠加在一个和/或两个位置频率滤波器（82,21,31,32）的结构相同; 所产生的各个叠加信号分别馈送到一个光电接收器（13,14,44,44）; 并且光电接收器的输出信号用于指示和/或控制目的。在一个实施例中，位置频率滤波器（82）被移动并且输出信号彼此相关。在另一实施例中，输出信号彼此相减。

2. 发明授权

US4071297A Method and apparatus for photoelectrically determining the position of at least one image focus plane 失效
标题翻译：用于光电确定至少一个图像聚焦平面的位置的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4071297A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-31
申请号：US673726
申请日：1976-04-05
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Klaus Dieter Schaefer
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Klaus Dieter Schaefer
IPC分类号： A61F9/08 , G02B7/34 , G02B27/40 , G02B27/46 , G01C3/08
CPC分类号： A61F9/08 , G02B27/40 , G02B27/46 , G02B7/34
摘要： A system for determining photoelectrically the position of at least one focus plane of an image within an optical apparatus, wherein the object is reproduced at least at one spatial frequency filter of an optical image correlator and there is measurement and/or display of the light fluxes leaving the local frequency filter.In this system light fluxes traversing differing pupil sections of the reproducing optics are modulated in common by a spatial frequency filter and are split up geometrically or physically, or by means of additional modulation in correspondence with the pupil sections. They are consecutively or simultaneously projected on a common photoelectric receiver or on separate photoelectric receivers, the output signals of which are processed further for purposes of controlling display and/or follow-up devices.
摘要翻译：一种用于光学地确定光学设备内的图像的至少一个聚焦平面的位置的系统，其中所述对象至少在光学图像相关器的空间频率滤波器上再现，并且存在光束的测量和/或显示离开本地频率滤波器。

3. 发明授权

US3972021A System for monitoring spaces by electro-optical means 失效
标题翻译：通过电光手段监控空间的系统
公开(公告)号：US3972021A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-27
申请号：US579568
申请日：1975-05-21
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider
IPC分类号： F16P3/14 , G08G1/04 , G08G1/00
CPC分类号： F16P3/14 , F16P3/144 , G08G1/04
摘要： System for monitoring spaces by electro-optical means, using optical imaging means (1) capable of detecting objects present in the monitored spaces and beam splitting means (2) for grating resolution of the object images into geometric, mutually complementary components. The imaging and beam splitting means form a correlation imaging sensor system equipped with photoelectric detectors (4,5) for the purpose of separately converging light fluxes corresponding to the image components into analogue electrical signals, and electrical means for measuring the amplitudes and phases of the signals as well as their variations. The correlation sensor system analyzes these values with respect to presence and/or motion of objects within the monitored spaces.
摘要翻译：用于通过电光装置监视空间的系统，使用能够检测存在于监视空间中的物体的光学成像装置（1）和用于将对象图像的光栅分辨率分解为几何相互补充的分量的分束装置（2）。成像和分束装置形成配备有光电检测器（4,5）的相关成像传感器系统，用于将对应于图像分量的光束单独地收敛成模拟电信号，以及用于测量所述图像分量的幅度和相位的电气装置信号以及它们的变化。相关传感器系统相对于被监测空间内物体的存在和/或运动来分析这些值。

4. 发明授权

US4071772A Apparatus for measurement of mechanical aberrations affecting stereoscopic image analysis 失效
标题翻译：用于测量影响立体图像分析的机械像差的装置
公开(公告)号：US4071772A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-31
申请号：US625030
申请日：1975-10-23
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Horst Schmidt
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann , Horst Schmidt
IPC分类号： G01C3/06 , G01C3/00 , G01C3/02 , G01C11/06 , G02B7/32 , G02B7/34 , G02B27/38 , G01C11/12
CPC分类号： G01C3/02 , G01C11/06 , G02B7/32 , G02B7/34
摘要： Apparatus to automatically analyze stereoscopic images comprising the determination of the maximum degree of correlation between two similar images of the same object projected by two objectives, for instance in a rangefinder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one or two spatial frequency filters identical in their structures, and wherein the particular generated superimposition signal, is preferably applied to a particular photoelectric detector and wherein the output signals from the latter are used for display and/or control purposes. The apparatus is improved by a system (20,20',21,21',22-25; 30-34) for generating a reference beam indicating mechanical changes affecting the image position of at least one of the measuring beams, at least one photoelectric detector (28,29;40) being associated with the one reference beam, the output signals from the one detector corresponding to the mechanical changes being used to display and/or correct the changes or the effects of same.
摘要翻译：用于自动分析立体图像的装置，包括确定由两个目标投射的相同物体的两个相似图像之间的最大相关度，例如在测距仪中，其中两个图像叠加在一个或两个相同的空间频率滤波器上结构，并且其中特定生成的叠加信号优选地应用于特定光电检测器，并且其中来自后者的输出信号用于显示和/或控制目的。该装置由用于产生参考光束的系统（20,20'，21,21'，22-25; 30-34）改进，该参考光束指示影响至少一个测量光束的图像位置的机械变化，至少一个光电检测器（28,29; 40）与一个参考光束相关联，来自一个检测器的对应于机械变化的输出信号用于显示和/或校正其变化或其影响。

5. 发明授权

US4037958A Apparatus for determining photoelectrically the position of at least one focusing plane of an image 失效
标题翻译：用于确定光电的图像的最小一个聚焦平面的位置的装置
公开(公告)号：US4037958A
公开(公告)日：1977-07-26
申请号：US622452
申请日：1975-10-15
申请人： Horst Schmidt , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Walter Mandler
发明人： Horst Schmidt , Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Walter Mandler
IPC分类号： G02B7/30 , G02B7/32 , G01C3/08 , G01J1/20
CPC分类号： G02B7/32 , G02B7/30
摘要： Apparatus for the photoelectrical determination of the position of at least one focusing plane of an image comprising an imaging optics, at least one spatial frequency filter in the form of a structure or grating mounted in the vicinity of one image plane of said imaging optics, a photoelectric receiver system associated with the filter containing at least one detector and receiving light fluxes leaving this filter, at least one means for generating a relative motion between the structure or grating and the object image, and means for analyzing the output signals from the photoelectric receiver system for distance display and/or focusing of the apparatus. The apparatus is improved by having the imaging optics (10) preceded by wo rhombic prisms (19, 20) so that each pupil half obtains its light through one of the two prisms. A reference beam is provided to show and/or eliminate mechanical changes in the apparatus effecting faultiness of the measuring result.

6. 发明授权

US4195425A System for measuring position and/or velocity 失效
标题翻译：用于测量位置和/或速度的系统
公开(公告)号：US4195425A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-01
申请号：US866908
申请日：1978-01-04
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Knut Heitmann
IPC分类号： G01P3/36 , G01S11/12 , G01C3/00 , G01C3/08
CPC分类号： G01S11/12 , G01P3/36
摘要： System for measuring the relative position and/or velocity of two objects with respect to each other and/or with respect to a common reference system, such as the ground, according to the magnitude and direction thereof, using electro-optical measuring means, the improvement comprising:(1) producing images of the object to be measured in at least two different spatial positions;(2) producing A.C. electrical signals of different frequency proportional to the relative movements of these images to at least one optical correlation system; and(3) evaluating these signals, with the use of the trigonometrical relationships of the perspective imaging, in a computer to determine the measured values.
摘要翻译：用于使用电光测量装置根据其大小和方向测量两个物体相对于彼此和/或相对于公共基准系统（例如地面）的相对位置和/或速度的系统，改进包括：（1）在至少两个不同的空间位置产生要测量对象的图像; （2）产生与这些图像相对于至少一个光学相关系统的相对运动成比例的不同频率的交流电信号; 和（3）使用计算机中的透视成像的三角关系评估这些信号，以确定测量值。

7. 发明授权

US3953728A Apparatus for determining the relative position of the plane of maximum amplitude of the local frequency component 失效
标题翻译：用于确定本地频率分量的最大幅度的平面的相对位置的装置
公开(公告)号：US3953728A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US517846
申请日：1974-10-24
申请人： Ludwig Leitz , Werner Holle , Knut Heitmann
发明人： Ludwig Leitz , Werner Holle , Knut Heitmann
IPC分类号： G03B13/36 , G02B7/28 , G02B7/34 , G02B7/36 , G03B3/00 , G01J1/20
CPC分类号： G02B7/365
摘要： In an apparatus, an imaging system, at least one optically effective grating and a photoelectric receiver system are employed for determining the relative position of the plane of maximum amplitude of a spatial frequency component in the image of an object. The imaging system produces from light fluxes emanating from the object and traversing different regions of the entrance pupil of the imaging system an image of the object in a first, a second and a third intermediate image plane. The focussing screen mounted in the first plane is used for subjectively observing and focussing the object as well as for transmitting light fluxes to the optically effective grating which defines a given spatial frequency component and which is mounted at least in the vicinity of the second intermediate image plane for commonly modulating and splitting the light fluxes. The photoelectric receiver system generates therefrom electrical output signals used in devices for indicating and adjusting the sharp focussing of the object.
摘要翻译：在装置中，使用成像系统，至少一个光学有效光栅和光电接收器系统来确定对象的图像中的空间频率分量的最大幅度的平面的相对位置。成像系统由从物体发出的光束产生，并且穿过成像系统的入射光瞳的不同区域，在第一，第二和第三中间像平面中对象的图像。安装在第一平面中的聚焦屏幕用于主观地观察和聚焦物体以及用于将光束传输到限定给定的空间频率分量并且至少安装在第二中间图像附近的光学有效光栅用于通常调制和分裂光通量。光电接收器系统产生用于指示和调节物体的尖锐聚焦的装置中的电输出信号。

8. 发明授权

US3989378A Method for no-contact measurement 失效
标题翻译：无接触式测量方法
公开(公告)号：US3989378A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-02
申请号：US480822
申请日：1974-06-19
申请人： Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Hermann Eisenkopf
发明人： Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Hermann Eisenkopf
IPC分类号： G01D5/36 , G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01P3/36 , G01D5/36
摘要： Method for no-contact measurement of the relative velocity, position, or displacement path of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position in at least one coordinate direction, or of the degree of image quality of an image wherein the apparatus images the object on a grating and the light fluxes leaving this grating are measured by means of photoelectric elements. The output signals of the photoelectric elements exhibit a frequency component proportional to the velocity of travel. The present invention is distinguished from the prior art by having a physical beam splitter (6,13) inserted in the imaging beam path in front of the grating (5,14), and preferably several polarizing beam splitters (7,30-33) with at least respectively one associated photoelectric receiver pair (10,11,16-19 16'-19') are connected after the grating (5,14).
摘要翻译：相对于至少一个坐标方向上的参考位置的特殊光学标记的物体的相对速度，位置或位移路径或图像的图像质量的程度的非接触式测量的方法，其中，物体在光栅上，离开该光栅的光束通过光电元件测量。光电元件的输出信号表现出与行进速度成比例的频率分量。通过使物理分束器（6,13）插入到光栅（5,14）前方的成像光束路径中，并且优选地多个偏振分束器（7,30-33），本发明与现有技术不同，在光栅（5,14）之后至少分别具有一个相关联的光电接收器对（10,11,16-19 16'-19'）。

9. 发明授权

US4226535A Object measuring method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：物体测量方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4226535A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US931959
申请日：1978-08-08
申请人： Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Heribert Lussem
发明人： Knut Heitmann , Eckart Schneider , Heribert Lussem
IPC分类号： G01D5/36 , G01B7/00 , G01B11/00 , G01D5/243 , G01D5/26 , G01B11/14 , H01J39/12
CPC分类号： G01D5/26 , G01D5/243
摘要： Apparatus is disclosed for measuring the movement of an object comprising an optical imaging device for producing an image of said object, a grating structure positioned to receive the image of said object produced by said imaging device, drive means for producing a periodic relative movement between said grating structure and the image formed thereon, means for generating reference signals corresponding to said periodic relative movement, photoelectric receiving means positioned for receiving light from said grating structure corresponding to the image thereon, said photoelectric receiving means producing electrical rotating field signals, a control circuit connected for receiving said reference signals and said electrical rotating field signals for producing control signals indicative of the movement of said object with respect to a direction of movement at least approximately parallel to said relative movement, and a bidirectional counter connected to receive said control signals for indicating the movement of said object. A method for measuring object movement is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于测量物体的运动的装置，包括用于产生所述物体的图像的光学成像装置，定位成接收由所述成像装置产生的所述物体的图像的光栅结构;用于产生所述物体的周期性相对运动的驱动装置光栅结构和形成在其上的图像，用于产生对应于所述周期性相对运动的参考信号的装置，用于接收来自对应于其上的图像的所述光栅结构的光的光电接收装置，所述光电接收装置产生电旋转场信号，控制电路连接用于接收所述参考信号和所述电旋转场信号，用于产生指示所述物体相对于至少近似平行于所述相对运动的运动方向的运动的控制信号;以及双向计数器，连接以接收所述控制信号fo r指示所述对象的移动。还公开了一种用于测量物体运动的方法。

10. 发明授权

US4669313A Method and apparatus for local selective detection and generation of polar structure alignments in microscopic object areas 失效
标题翻译：用于局部选择性检测和在微观对象区域中产生极性结构对准的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4669313A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US733189
申请日：1985-05-13
申请人： Klaus Dransfeld , Knut Heitmann
发明人： Klaus Dransfeld , Knut Heitmann
IPC分类号： G01N29/24 , G01N29/06 , G01N29/00
CPC分类号： G01N29/06
摘要： Polar structures in microscopic object areas, such as, for example, electric or magnetic dipoles, can be locally selectively detected with high resolution if either resonant ultrasonic waves are induced in the object area by a locally effective high-frequency field and are detected by means of a focused acoustic lens arrangement, or electric or magnetic high-frequency oscillations are induced in the object area by focused ultrasonic waves and are detected by an appropriate receiver. By comparing the phases and/or amplitudes of the induced and of the detected waves, these provide information on the existence and the direction of the dipoles. Existing dipole alignments can be made energetically unstable by a critical direct-current electric or magnetic field and locally selectively reversed by the focused ultrasonic beam.
摘要翻译：如果通过局部有效的高频场在对象区域中感应到共振超声波，并且通过装置检测到，在微观物体区域中的极地结构，例如电或磁偶极子可以以高分辨率被局部选择性地检测聚焦的声透镜布置，或者通过聚焦的超声波在对象区域中引起电或磁高频振荡，并由适当的接收器检测。通过比较感应波和检测波的相位和/或振幅，这些提供关于偶极子的存在和方向的信息。现有的偶极对准可以由临界直流电场或磁场在能量上不稳定，并且被聚焦的超声波束局部选择性反转。

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