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1. 发明授权

US06881959B2 Method and system for generating an image of the radiation density of a source of photons located in an object 失效
标题翻译：用于产生位于物体中的光子源的辐射密度的图像的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06881959B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-19
申请号：US10285211
申请日：2002-10-31
申请人： Ling Jian Meng , Neal H. Clinthorne , W. Leslie Rogers , David K. Wehe
发明人： Ling Jian Meng , Neal H. Clinthorne , W. Leslie Rogers , David K. Wehe
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037 , A61B6/4258
摘要： Method and system for generating an image of the radiation density of a source of photons located in an object wherein Compton scattering and non-Compton scattering events are detected and contained within data used for image reconstruction. The system includes a multiple pinhole collimator, a position sensitive scintillation detector as used in standard Gamma cameras, and a silicon pad detector array inserted between the collimator and the scintillation detector. The problem of multiplexing, normally associated with multiple pinhole systems, is reduced by using the extra information from the detected Compton scattering events. For properly selected pinhole spacing, this leads to a significantly improved image quality. A valuable enhancement can be achieved when adding only a small fraction of gamma rays with reduced angular ambiguity. The system does not require a highly optimized Compton camera behind the collimator.
摘要翻译：用于产生位于物体中的光子源的辐射密度的图像的方法和系统，其中检测并包含在用于图像重建的数据内的康普顿散射和非康普顿散射事件。该系统包括多个针孔准直器，用于标准伽马照相机的位置敏感闪烁检测器，以及插入在准直器和闪烁检测器之间的硅垫检测器阵列。通常使用来自检测到的康普顿散射事件的额外信息来减少通常与多个针孔系统相关的多路复用问题。为了正确选择针孔间距，这导致显着提高的图像质量。当仅加入少量具有减小的角度模糊度的伽马射线时，可以实现有价值的增强。该系统不需要在准直仪后面高度优化的康普顿相机。

2. 发明授权

US5315506A Correction for compton scattering by analysis of spatially dependent energy spectra employing regularization 失效
标题翻译：通过使用正则化的空间依赖能谱的分析校正柯顿散射
公开(公告)号：US5315506A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US812589
申请日：1991-12-20
申请人： Xiaohan Wang , Kenneth F. Koral , Neal H. Clinthorne , W. Leslie Rogers , Jeffrey M. Slosar
发明人： Xiaohan Wang , Kenneth F. Koral , Neal H. Clinthorne , W. Leslie Rogers , Jeffrey M. Slosar
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G06T11/00 , G06F15/42
CPC分类号： G01T1/1647 , G06T11/005 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method of reducing the effects of Compton scattered photons detected in a gamma ray detection arrangement includes the steps of receiving data responsive to energy states of the detected photons and storing the data in memory locations corresponding to predetermined image grid points, grouping the stored data, whereby a coarser grid having fewer image grid points is produced, calibrating the gamma ray detection arrangement by utilizing a spectral shape corresponding to a calibration function which is expected to correspond to a first data set corresponding to unscattered ones of the detected photons, processing the stored data for at least selected ones of the predetermined grid points employing minimization of a function which includes a product of an energy regularization term times an energy regularization parameter, as well as a spatial regularization term times a spatial regularization parameter, for separating the stored data into the first data set corresponding to unscattered ones of the detected photons and a second data set corresponding to scattered ones of the detected photons, summing the first data set for each of the predetermined grid points on the coarser grid for determining a number of the unscattered ones of the detected photons, interpolating from the first data set for each of the predetermined grid points on the coarser grid for producing a data set corresponding to the unscattered ones of the detected photons for each of the predetermined number of grid points; and forming an image utilizing the number of the unscattered ones of the detected photons.
摘要翻译：减少在伽马射线检测装置中检测到的康普顿散射光子的影响的方法包括以下步骤：响应于检测到的光子的能量状态接收数据，并将数据存储在对应于预定图像网格点的存储器位置中，对存储的数据进行分组，产生具有较少图像网格点的较粗网格，通过利用对应于校准功能的光谱形状来校准伽马射线检测装置，该校准功能预期对应于对应于所检测到的光子中未散射的光子的第一数据集，用于将包括能量正则化项乘以能量正则化参数的乘积以及空间正则化项乘以空间正则化参数的函数的最小化的至少一个预定网格点的数据用于将存储的数据分离成第一个数据集对应于未分散的检测到的光子中的一个和对应于被检测的光子中的散射的光子的第二数据集，对粗糙网格上的每个预定网格点的第一数据集进行求和，以确定检测到的光子的未散射的光子的数量，从用于产生与预定数量的网格点中的每一个的检测到的光子中未散射的光子对应的数据集的第一数据集; 以及利用检测到的光子中未散射的光子的数量形成图像。

3. 发明授权

US4852056A Multiple sensor position locating system 失效
标题翻译：多传感器位置定位系统
公开(公告)号：US4852056A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-25
申请号：US876762
申请日：1986-06-20
申请人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
发明人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
IPC分类号： G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644
摘要： A system for locating the position of a source of a detachable emittance is particularly adapted for locating the position of a scintillation event in a scintillation crystal which has arranged adjacent thereto a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged in a predetermined configuration for detecting the scintillation event. In a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) embodiment, a system which utilizes the present invention is initialized by storing weighting factors which are derived from placing a source of radiation in a plurality of known locations. The output values of the photomultiplier tubes are stored in a calibration file and subjected to a mathematical process to produce the weighting factors which are subsequently stored in a memory. During operation of the system, the signal values from the photomultiplier tubes are combined with the weighting factors to produce weighted signals which are then summed together to produce a composite weighted signal. The addresses of the weighting factors are correlated to position information; the correct position information being determined in response to the composite weighted signal assuming a predetermined value.
摘要翻译：用于定位可分离发射源的位置的系统特别适用于将闪烁事件的位置定位在闪烁晶体中，闪烁晶体相邻配置有以预定配置布置的多个光电倍增管，用于检测闪烁事件。在单光子发射计算机断层摄影（SPECT）实施例中，利用本发明的系统通过存储通过将多个已知位置放置辐射源导出的加权因子来初始化。光电倍增管的输出值存储在校准文件中，并进行数学处理以产生随后存储在存储器中的加权因子。在系统操作期间，来自光电倍增管的信号值与加权因子组合以产生加权信号，然后将其加在一起以产生复合加权信号。加权因子的地址与位置信息相关; 响应于假设预定值的复合加权信号确定正确的位置信息。

4. 发明授权

US5081581A Correction for Compton scattering by analysis of energy spectra 失效
标题翻译：通过分析能谱校正康普顿散射
公开(公告)号：US5081581A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-14
申请号：US331993
申请日：1989-03-31
申请人： Kenneth F. Koral , W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne , Xiaohan Wang
发明人： Kenneth F. Koral , W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne , Xiaohan Wang
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G06T11/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/005 , G01T1/1647
摘要： A system for removing the effects of Compton scattering in systems such as tomographic scanning and radioisotope imaging arrangements, which detect gamma rays, utilizes the smoothness of the Compton component over the image to reduce computing time. Data responsive to energy states of the photons which are detected are received and values corresponding thereto are stored in at least one memory location. In some embodiments, where imaging is the ultimate function of the gamma ray detection system, the data correspond to predetermined image grid points. Also, the data which is stored is processed so as to be separated into a first data set corresponding to unscattered ones of the detected photons and a second data set corresponding to scattered ones of the detected photons. The gamma ray detection arrangement is calibrated by acquiring a spectral shape corresponding to unscattered photons. The processing utilizes non-linear least squares fitting analysis. The first data set is summed within specified limits, for determining a number of the unscattered ones of the detected photons. A scatter-free image can then be formed from this data set.
摘要翻译：用于消除科普顿散射在诸如层析扫描和放射性同位素成像布置的系统中的影响的系统，其检测伽马射线，利用Compton分量在图像上的平滑度来减少计算时间。接收响应于检测到的光子的能量状态的数据，并且对应于其的值被存储在至少一个存储器位置中。在一些实施例中，其中成像是伽马射线检测系统的最终功能，数据对应于预定的图像网格点。而且，对存储的数据进行处理，以被分离成对应于未被分散的检测到的光子的第一数据集和对应于所检测到的光子的散射的第二数据集。通过获取对应于未散射光子的光谱形状来校准伽马射线检测装置。该处理采用非线性最小二乘拟合分析。第一数据集合在指定限度内，用于确定检测到的光子中未散射的光子的数量。然后可以从该数据集形成无散射图像。

5. 发明授权

US5786599A Enhanced spatial resolution scintillation detectors 失效
标题翻译：增强型空间分辨率闪烁探测器
公开(公告)号：US5786599A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-28
申请号：US739357
申请日：1996-10-30
申请人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
发明人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , G01J1/58
CPC分类号： G01T1/2002
摘要： Spatial resolution in imaging-type scintillation detectors, such as gamma ray cameras used in nuclear medicine, is improved by providing an array of multi-faceted corner-cube reflectors on the back surface of the scintillator crystal. The reflectors modify the light spread function of the scintillator in accordance with any number of different applications, by appropriate adjustment of the orientation angle between facets.
摘要翻译：通过在闪烁体晶体的后表面上提供多方位角立方反射器的阵列来改进成像型闪烁检测器中的空间分辨率，例如用于核医学中的伽马射线照相机。根据任何数量的不同应用，通过适当调整两面之间的取向角，反射器修改闪烁体的光扩散功能。

6. 发明授权

US4959809A Multiple sensor position locating system 失效
标题翻译：多传感器位置定位系统
公开(公告)号：US4959809A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-25
申请号：US322095
申请日：1988-12-28
申请人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
发明人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
IPC分类号： G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644
摘要： A system for locating the position of a source of a detectable emittance is particularly adapted for locating the position of a scintillation event in a scintillation crystal which has arranged adjacent thereto a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged in a predetermined configuration for detecting the scintillation event. In a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) embodiment, a system which utilizes the present invention is initialized by storing weighting factors which are derived from placing a source of radiation in a plurality of known locations. The output values of the photomultiplier tubes are stored in a calibration file and subjected to a mathematical process to produce the weighting factors which are subsequently stored in a memory. During operation of the system, the signal values from the photomultiplier tubes are combined with the weighting factors to produce weighted signals which are then summed together to produce a composite weighted signal. The addresses of the weighting factors are correlated to position information; the correct position information being determined in response to the composite weighted signal assuming a predetermined value.
摘要翻译：用于定位可检测发射源的位置的系统特别适于将闪烁事件的位置定位在闪烁晶体中，闪烁晶体相邻配置有以预定配置布置的多个光电倍增管，用于检测闪烁事件。在单光子发射计算机断层摄影（SPECT）实施例中，利用本发明的系统通过存储通过将多个已知位置放置辐射源导出的加权因子来初始化。光电倍增管的输出值存储在校准文件中，并进行数学处理以产生随后存储在存储器中的加权因子。在系统操作期间，来自光电倍增管的信号值与加权因子组合以产生加权信号，然后将其加在一起以产生复合加权信号。加权因子的地址与位置信息相关; 响应于假设预定值的复合加权信号确定正确的位置信息。

7. 发明授权

US4956796A Multiple sensor position locating system 失效
标题翻译：多传感器位置定位系统
公开(公告)号：US4956796A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US196928
申请日：1988-05-20
申请人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
发明人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
IPC分类号： G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644
摘要： A system for locating the position of a source of a detectable emittance is particularly adapted for locating the position of a scintillation event in a scintillation crystal which has arranged adjacent thereto a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged in a predetermined configuration for detecting the scintillation event. In a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) embodiment, a system which utilizes the present invention is initialized by storing weighting factors which are derived from placing a source of radiation in a plurality of known locations. The output values of the photomultiplier tubes are stored in a calibration file and subjected to a mathematical process to produce the weighting factors which are subsequently stored in a memory. During operation of the system, the signal values from the photomultiplier tubes are combined with the weighting factors to produce weighting signals which are then summed together to produce a composite weighted signal. The addresses of the weighting actors are correlated to position information; the correct position information being determined in response to the composite weighted signal assuming a predetermined value.
摘要翻译：用于定位可检测发射源的位置的系统特别适于将闪烁事件的位置定位在闪烁晶体中，闪烁晶体相邻配置有以预定配置布置的多个光电倍增管，用于检测闪烁事件。在单光子发射计算机断层摄影（SPECT）实施例中，利用本发明的系统通过存储通过将多个已知位置放置辐射源导出的加权因子来初始化。光电倍增管的输出值存储在校准文件中，并进行数学处理，以产生随后存储在存储器中的加权因子。在系统运行期间，光电倍增管的信号值与加权因子组合，产生加权信号，然后将加权信号相加在一起产生复合加权信号。加权参与者的地址与位置信息相关; 响应于假设预定值的复合加权信号确定正确的位置信息。

8. 发明授权

US4864140A Coincidence detection system for positron emission tomography 失效
标题翻译：正电子发射断层扫描的一致性检测系统
公开(公告)号：US4864140A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-05
申请号：US91205
申请日：1987-08-31
申请人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne , Gary D. Hutchins
发明人： W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne , Gary D. Hutchins
IPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/29
CPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/2985
摘要： An arrangement for determing the most likely interaction time corresponding to an observed pulse in a system having statistical processes is provided with a timing arrangement for producing a plurality of timing signals, the timing signals having a predetermined time relationship with respect to one another. A plurality of sampling elements, each having an input for receiving a respectively associated signal vector to be sampled in accordance with at least one of the timing signals, and an output for producing an associated portion of an analog vector signal are additionally provided. A digital memory stores data corresponding to a plurality of weighting coefficient vectors, the weighting coefficient vectors being formed of values corresponding to a predetermined characteristic of the shape of the pulse event and at least one of the statistical processes. Product-forming circuitry produces product signals corresponding to products of the composite analog vector signal and respective one of the plurality of weighting coefficient vectors. The product signals are summed and compared in a threshold crossing detector which detects a threshold crossing of the sum signal.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于确定与具有统计过程的系统中的观察到的脉冲相对应的最可能的交互时间的装置，其具有用于产生多个定时信号的定时装置，所述定时信号相对于彼此具有预定的时间关系。另外提供了多个采样元件，每个采样元件具有用于根据至少一个定时信号接收要采样的相应信号矢量的输入和用于产生模拟矢量信号的相关部分的输出。数字存储器存储对应于多个加权系数向量的数据，加权系数向量由对应于脉冲事件的形状的预定特性的值和至少一个统计处理形成。产品形成电路产生对应于复合模拟矢量信号的产品和多个加权系数向量中的相应一个的产品信号。产品信号在检测和信号的阈值交叉的阈值交叉检测器中相加和比较。

9. 发明授权

US4839808A Correction for compton scattering by analysis of energy spectra 失效
标题翻译：通过分析能谱校正康普顿散射
公开(公告)号：US4839808A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-13
申请号：US53242
申请日：1987-05-22
申请人： Kenneth F. Koral , W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
发明人： Kenneth F. Koral , W. Leslie Rogers , Neal H. Clinthorne
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G06T11/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/005 , G01T1/1647
摘要： A system for removing the effects of Compton scattering in systems such as tomographic scanning and radioisotope imaging arrangements, which detect gamma rays, utilizes the smoothness of the Compton component over the image to reduce computing time. Data responsive to energy states of the photons which are detected are received and values corresponding thereto are stored in at least one memory location. In some embodiments, where imaging is the ultimate function of the gamma ray detection system, the data correspond to predetermined image grid points. Also, the data which is stored is processed so as to be separated into a first data set corresponding to unscattered ones of the detected photons and a second data set corresponding to scattered ones of the detected photons. Such processing utilizes least squares fitting analysis, such as the known Golub method. The first data set is summed within specified limits, for determining a number of the unscattered ones of the detected photons. A scatter free image can then be formed from this data set.
摘要翻译：用于消除科普顿散射在诸如层析扫描和放射性同位素成像布置的系统中的影响的系统，其检测伽马射线，利用Compton分量在图像上的平滑度来减少计算时间。接收响应于检测到的光子的能量状态的数据，并且对应于其的值被存储在至少一个存储器位置中。在一些实施例中，其中成像是伽马射线检测系统的最终功能，数据对应于预定的图像网格点。而且，对存储的数据进行处理，以被分离成对应于未被分散的检测到的光子的第一数据集和对应于所检测到的光子的散射的第二数据集。这种处理使用最小二乘拟合分析，例如已知的Golub方法。第一数据集合在指定限度内，用于确定检测到的光子中未散射的光子的数量。然后可以从该数据集中形成无散射图像。

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