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1. 发明授权

US4788488A Continuous condition sensing system 失效
公开(公告)号：US4788488A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US917958
申请日：1986-10-14
申请人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Peterson , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
发明人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Peterson , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01R27/26
CPC分类号： G01R27/2605
摘要： A probe developing an admittance with a material whose condition is to be continuously measured is capacitively coupled with a variable frequency oscillator, preferably one having a digital output stage, for generating a variable frequency signal having a period varying with the admittance developed at the probe. Both the oscillator input and output are capacitively coupled to the probe. In a preferred embodiment, a set point circuit including a plurality of resistors coupled in parallel with the oscillator output and a plurality of switches coupled in parallel with the probe conductor and each with a different one of the resistor, provides easy circuit adjustment for use of the system with a variety of materials. A preferred digital circuit employing a pair of flip flops, fixed timer and one shot generate a fixed period variable duration duty cycle digital voltage level signal for transmission, if desired, or for conversion into a variable current signal.

2. 发明授权

US5278513A Continuous condition sensing system 失效
标题翻译：连续状态检测系统
公开(公告)号：US5278513A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US748960
申请日：1991-08-22
申请人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
发明人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01R27/26
CPC分类号： G01R27/2605
摘要： A probe developing an admittance with a material whose condition is to be continuously measured is capacitively coupled with a variable frequency oscillator, preferably one having a digital output stage, for generating a variable frequency signal having a period varying with the admittance developed at the probe. Both the oscillator input and output are capacitively coupled to the probe. In a preferred embodiment, a set point circuit including a plurality of resistors coupled in parallel with the oscillator output and a plurality of switches coupled in parallel with the probe conductor and each with a different one of the resistor, provides easy circuit adjustment for use of the system with a variety of materials. A preferred digital circuit employing a pair of flip flops, fixed timer and one shot generate a fixed period variable duration duty cycle digital voltage level signal for transmission, if desired, or for conversion into a variable current signal.
摘要翻译：与要连续测量条件的材料形成导纳的探针与可变频率振荡器（优选具有数字输出级的振荡器）电容耦合，用于产生具有随着在探针处形成的导纳而变化的周期的可变频率信号。振荡器的输入和输出均与电容电容耦合。在优选实施例中，设置点电路包括与振荡器输出端并联耦合的多个电阻器以及与探针导体并联耦合的多个开关，并且每个具有不同的电阻器，提供了简便的电路调整，该系统具有各种材料。采用一对触发器，固定定时器和一次触发的优选数字电路产生固定周期可变持续时间占空比数字电压电平信号，用于传输，如果需要，或用于转换成可变电流信号。

3. 发明授权

US5045797A Continuous condition sensing system determining liquid level by admittance measurement 失效
标题翻译：连续状态检测系统通过导纳测量确定液位
公开(公告)号：US5045797A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US495733
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
发明人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen , Herbert A. Shauger, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01R27/26
CPC分类号： G01R27/2605
摘要： A probe developing an admittance with a material whose condition is to be continuously measured is capacitively coupled with a variable frequency oscillator, preferably one having a digital output stage, for generating a variable frequency signal having a period varying with the admittance developed at the probe. Both the oscillator input and output are capacitively coupled to the probe. In a preferred embodiment, a set point circuit including a plurality of resistors coupled in parallel with the oscillator output and a plurality of switches coupled in parallel with the probe conductor and each with a different one of the resistor, provides easy circuit adjustment for use of the system with a variety of materials. A preferred digital circuit employing a pair of flip flops, fixed timer and one shot generate a fixed period variable duration duty cycle digital voltage level signal for transmission, if desired, or for conversion into a variable current signal.
摘要翻译：与要连续测量条件的材料形成导纳的探针与可变频率振荡器（优选具有数字输出级的振荡器）电容耦合，用于产生具有随着在探针处形成的导纳而变化的周期的可变频率信号。振荡器的输入和输出均与电容电容耦合。在优选实施例中，设置点电路包括与振荡器输出端并联耦合的多个电阻器以及与探针导体并联耦合的多个开关，并且每个具有不同的电阻器，提供了简便的电路调整，该系统具有各种材料。采用一对触发器，固定定时器和一次触发的优选数字电路产生固定周期可变持续时间占空比数字电压电平信号，用于传输，如果需要，或用于转换成可变电流信号。

4. 发明授权

US5760309A Ultrasonic method for material monitoring 失效
公开(公告)号：US5760309A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US653623
申请日：1996-05-24
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Glen Mitchell
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Glen Mitchell
IPC分类号： G01F23/296 , G01F23/28
CPC分类号： G01F23/2962 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： An ultrasonic measurement method in an ultrasonic measurement system having an ultrasonic transducer includes emitting an ultrasonic pulse from the ultrasonic transducer. An ultrasonic pulse is received in accordance with a pulse travel time wherein the amplitude of the received ultrasonic pulse varies according to the pulse travel time. A first electrical signal is provided representative of the received ultrasonic pulse wherein the amplitude of the first electrical signal varies in accordance with the pulse travel time. A second electrical signal is provided in accordance with the first electrical signal wherein the amplitude of the second electrical signal is substantially independent of the pulse travel time. In order to determine the second electrical signal variable amplification is applied to the first electrical signal in accordance with the travel time. A distance is determined according to the pulse travel time wherein the distance is representative of the distance between the transducer and a material surface.

5. 发明授权

US6062070A Method and apparatus for the sonic measurement of sludge and clarity conditions during the treatment of waste water 失效
标题翻译：污水处理过程中污泥和澄清度条件的声波测量方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6062070A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US741408
申请日：1996-10-29
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , Yang Wang , Norman Nardelli , L. Jonathan Kramer
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , Yang Wang , Norman Nardelli , L. Jonathan Kramer
IPC分类号： G01F23/296 , G01N29/036 , G01N29/40 , G01S7/527 , G01S7/539 , G01S15/88 , G01N29/02 , G01S15/14
CPC分类号： G01S7/539 , G01F23/2965 , G01N29/036 , G01N29/40 , G01S15/88 , G01S7/527 , G01N2291/0224 , G01N2291/02416 , G01N2291/02818 , G01N2291/02836 , Y10S367/908
摘要： A sludge blanket level is determined in a waste water treatment clarifier using sonic pulse reflections. Additionally, using similar techniques, the clarity of the waste water is determined. A sonic pulse is directed into the waste water. Echos are generated as the pulse encounters the impedance mismatches indicative of changes in the density of the water. The echos are compensated for attenuation as a function of travel time through the water, energy lost due to prior peak reflections, and are processed to remove random signals using correlation techniques. A sludge blanket is selected from the compensated echo signal as a function of the size and location of echo peaks. Additionally, the clarity is determined as a flnction of the area under the echo signal between two points corresponding to predefined levels in the clarifier tank.
摘要翻译：使用声波脉冲反射在污水处理澄清池中测定污泥层水平。另外，使用类似的技术，确定废水的清晰度。声波脉冲被引导到废水中。当脉冲遇到指示水密度变化的阻抗失配时，产生Echos。回波补偿衰减作为通过水的行进时间的函数，由于先前的峰值反射而损失的能量，并且使用相关技术被处理以去除随机信号。作为回波峰值的大小和位置的函数，从补偿的回波信号中选择污泥层。此外，清晰度被确定为对应于澄清池中的预定水平的两点之间的回波信号下面积的区域。

6. 发明授权

US4573040A Fail-safe instrument system 失效
标题翻译：故障安全仪表系统
公开(公告)号：US4573040A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-25
申请号：US700672
申请日：1985-02-11
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer
IPC分类号： G08B29/04 , G08B29/06 , G08B29/16 , G08B29/00 , G01R11/52
CPC分类号： G08B29/04 , G08B29/06 , G08B29/16
摘要： In an instrument system consisting of a transmitter in one location and a receiver in another location connected by a transmission medium, fail-safe operation is obtained by restricting the output of the transmitter to well-defined levels and interpreting any substantial departure of the received signal from these well-defined levels as a failure. When a failure is detected, alarms or other equipment may be activated, including a control circuit which causes replacement of the defective transmitter or transmission medium, thereby restoring the system to service. An embodiment wherein the transmitter is an admittance-responsive transmitter in a two-wire current loop for monitoring the condition of materials is described.
摘要翻译：在由一个位置的发射机和由传输介质连接的另一位置的接收机组成的仪器系统中，通过将发射机的输出限制为明确的等级并解释接收信号的任何实质性偏差来获得故障安全操作从这些明确定义的水平作为失败。当检测到故障时，可以激活警报或其他设备，包括导致更换有缺陷的发射器或传输介质的控制电路，从而使系统恢复正常工作。描述了一种实施例，其中发射机是用于监测材料状况的双线电流回路中的导纳响应发射机。

7. 发明授权

US5987994A Ultrasonic method for material monitoring 失效
标题翻译：超声波材料监测方法
公开(公告)号：US5987994A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US048606
申请日：1998-03-26
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Glen Mitchell
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Glen Mitchell
IPC分类号： G01F23/296 , G01F23/28
CPC分类号： G01F23/2962 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： An ultrasonic measurement method in an ultrasonic measurement system having an ultrasonic transducer includes emitting an ultrasonic pulse from the ultrasonic transducer. An ultrasonic pulse is received in accordance with a pulse travel time wherein the amplitude of the received ultrasonic pulse varies according to the pulse travel time. A first electrical signal is provided representative of the received ultrasonic pulse wherein the amplitude of the first electrical signal varies in accordance with the pulse travel time. A second electrical signal is provided in accordance with the first electrical signal wherein the amplitude of the second electrical signal is substantially independent of the pulse travel time. In order to determine the second electrical signal variable amplification is applied to the first electrical signal in accordance with the travel time. A distance is determined according to the pulse travel time wherein the distance is representative of the distance between the transducer and a material surface.
摘要翻译：具有超声换能器的超声波测量系统中的超声波测量方法包括从超声波换能器发射超声波脉冲。根据脉冲行进时间接收超声波脉冲，其中接收的超声脉冲的振幅根据脉冲行进时间而变化。提供表示所接收的超声波脉冲的第一电信号，其中第一电信号的幅度根据脉冲行进时间而变化。根据第一电信号提供第二电信号，其中第二电信号的振幅基本上与脉冲行进时间无关。为了确定第二电信号，根据行进时间将可变放大应用于第一电信号。根据脉冲行进时间确定距离，其中距离代表换能器和材料表面之间的距离。

8. 发明授权

US4799174A Multiple set point condition monitoring systems 失效
标题翻译：多设定点状态监控系统
公开(公告)号：US4799174A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-17
申请号：US113358
申请日：1987-10-23
申请人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen
发明人： L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen
IPC分类号： G01F23/00 , G01F23/26
CPC分类号： G01F23/266 , G01F23/0069 , G01F23/261 , G01F23/265
摘要： A multiple set point material condition monitoring system includes a material responsive sensor developing a material condition dependent admittance and a reference admittance generator, generating a plurality of different admittance values in a predetermined sequence repeatedly during operation of the system. The circuitry coupled with the sensor and the reference admittance generator outputs a signal which is a function both of the material condition generated admittance and each of the plurality of reference admittance values, in sequence. Storage means are provided for storing a characteristic of the output signal for feedback to the circuitry when that particular reference admittance value for generating that output signal is again generated by the reference admittance generator. Preferably, the sensor and reference admittance generator are coupled across each of a pair of arms of bridge network which constitutes part of the circuitry developing the output signal.
摘要翻译：多设定点材料状态监测系统包括材料响应传感器，其开发材料条件相关导纳和参考导纳发生器，在系统操作期间重复地以预定顺序产生多个不同的导纳值。与传感器和参考导纳发生器耦合的电路依次输出作为材料条件产生导纳和多个参考导纳值中的每一个的功能的信号。提供存储装置，用于当用于产生该输出信号的特定参考导纳值由参考导纳发生器再次产生时，存储用于反馈给电路的输出信号的特性。优选地，传感器和参考导纳发生器耦合在桥接网络的一对臂中的每一个上，桥臂构成构成输出信号的电路的一部分。

9. 发明授权

US3993947A Admittance measuring system for monitoring the condition of materials 失效
标题翻译：用于监测材料状况的导纳测量系统
公开(公告)号：US3993947A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-23
申请号：US507540
申请日：1974-09-19
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Kenneth M. Loewenstern
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Kenneth M. Loewenstern
IPC分类号： G01F23/24 , G01D5/14 , G01F23/00 , G01F23/26 , G01N27/02 , G01N27/04 , G01R27/00 , G01R27/02 , G08C19/02 , G01R11/52 , G01R27/26
CPC分类号： G01R27/02 , G01N27/028
摘要： An intrinsically safe system for monitoring the condition of materials includes a low power, stable frequency RF oscillator of the class C type comprising a resonant circuit which is coupled to a bridge network including the admittance of materials between a probe electrode and a grounded support member juxtaposed to the materials. The output of the network generates an AC error signal which is applied to a phase sensitive detector including a chopper and a low power chopper drive for generating a DC signal representing the magnitude of the AC signal at a predetermined phase angle. The bridge network which may be linearly calibrated is isolated from the oscillator and the output error signal circuitry so as to allow the oscillator and the output error signal circuitry to float with respect to the grounded support member and the power supply associated therewith. The rms voltage across the admittance representing the condition of materials is limited so as to permit the system to comprise a two-wire transmitter wherein the sole source of power for the transmitter is derived from a 4-20 milliamp current drawn by the transmitter.
摘要翻译：用于监测材料状态的本质安全系统包括C类型的低功率稳定频率RF振荡器，包括耦合到桥接网络的谐振电路，所述桥接网络包括并联的探针电极和接地支撑件之间的材料导纳到材料。网络的输出产生一个AC误差信号，该信号被施加到包括斩波器和低功率斩波驱动器的相敏检测器，用于产生一个以预定相位角表示AC信号幅度的DC信号。可以线性校准的桥接网络与振荡器和输出误差信号电路隔离，以便允许振荡器和输出误差信号电路相对于接地的支撑构件和与其相关联的电源浮动。表示材料条件的导纳之间的均方根电压受到限制，以便允许系统包括双线发射器，其中用于发射机的唯一的功率源是由发射机所绘制的4-20毫安电流导出的。

10. 发明授权

US5539670A Coating responsive material condition monitoring system 失效
标题翻译：涂层响应材料状态监测系统
公开(公告)号：US5539670A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US208928
申请日：1994-03-10
申请人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen
发明人： Frederick L. Maltby , L. Jonathan Kramer , Steven R. Petersen
IPC分类号： G01B7/06 , G01F23/00 , G01F23/26
CPC分类号： G01F23/266 , G01B7/06 , G01F23/0069 , G01F23/26 , G01F23/261 , G01F23/265 , H03K2217/96075
摘要： A multiple set point material condition monitoring system is responsive both to the level of material with respect to a sensor and the extent of material coating which has accumulated on the sensor. The system provides an output when a predetermined coating thickness has been exceeded, so that the sensor may be cleaned before the coating can accumulate to the extent where a false level output is generated. The systems include three electrode guarded sensors, a bridge comparing the sensor output with a reference, and a bridge reference which is automatically and repeatedly caused to assume a sequence of values corresponding to material condition set points, one of which causes an output when a predetermined coating thickness has occurred and another of which generates a level output. In one embodiment, separate outputs are provided corresponding to each set point. In another embodiment, a single tri-state output is responsive to both set points.
摘要翻译：多设定点材料状态监测系统响应于材料相对于传感器的水平以及积聚在传感器上的材料涂层的程度。当超过预定的涂层厚度时，该系统提供输出，使得在涂层可以累积到产生假电平输出的程度之前可以清洁传感器。这些系统包括三个电极保护传感器，将传感器输出与参考电路进行比较的桥接器，以及自动重复引起的桥接参考线，以使其对应于材料条件设定点的值序列，当预定发生涂层厚度，另一个产生电平输出。在一个实施例中，对应于每个设定点提供单独的输出。在另一个实施例中，单个三态输出响应两个设定点。

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