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1. 发明授权

US07217926B1 Systems involving voltage-tunable quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) and related methods 失效
标题翻译：涉及电压可调量子阱红外光电探测器（QWIP）的系统及相关方法
公开(公告)号：US07217926B1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-15
申请号：US10798967
申请日：2004-03-12
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： G01J5/02
CPC分类号： G01J3/2823 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/021 , G01J3/0259 , G01J3/2803 , H01L27/14625 , H01L27/14649 , H01L27/14685 , H01L31/02327 , H01L31/0236 , H01L31/0352 , H01L31/101 , Y02E10/50
摘要： The present disclosure relates to detection of light (or radiation) at different wavelengths. A voltage-tunable multi-color infrared (IR) detector element receives incident radiation through a substantially-transparent substrate. Side surfaces of the voltage-tunable multi-color IR detector element reflect the incident radiation, thereby redirecting the radiation. The reflected radiation is directed through a voltage-tunable multi-color infrared (IR) detector. Energy proportional to different ranges of wavelengths is detected by supplying different bias voltages across the voltage-tunable multi-color IR detector element.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及在不同波长处的光（或辐射）的检测。电压可调多色红外（IR）检测器元件通过基本上透明的基板接收入射辐射。电压可调谐多色IR检测器元件的侧表面反射入射辐射，从而重定向辐射。反射的辐射被引导通过电压可调谐的多色红外（IR）检测器。通过在电压可调谐多色IR检测器元件上提供不同的偏置电压来检测与不同波长范围成比例的能量。

2. 发明授权

US5485015A Quantum grid infrared photodetector 失效
标题翻译：量子网红外光电探测器
公开(公告)号：US5485015A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-16
申请号：US297344
申请日：1994-08-25
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L31/0236 , H01L31/0352 , H01L31/109
CPC分类号： H01L31/0352 , H01L31/0236 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A quantum grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) includes a semiconductor substrate with a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) mounted thereon. The QWIP includes a lower contact layer formed on a planar surface of the substrate and a stack of alternate planar barrier layers and planar well layers sandwiched between the lower contact layer and an upper contact layer. The planes of the barrier layers and well layers are substantially parallel to the plane of the planar surface. A plurality of single-slit diffraction units are arranged as a grid in the stack for diffracting incident infrared radiation into a continuum of radiation components directed toward the well layers at different angles with respect to the planes of the well layers. The diffraction units are composed of cavities that extend through the barrier layers, the well layers and the upper contact layer. The cavities have rectangular, square and round shapes and are arranged in rows and columns to form the grid.
摘要翻译：量子光栅红外光电探测器（QGIP）包括一个安装有量子阱红外光电探测器（QWIP）的半导体衬底。 QWIP包括形成在基板的平面表面上的下接触层和夹在下接触层和上接触层之间的交替的平面阻挡层和平面阱层的堆叠。阻挡层和阱层的平面基本平行于平面的平面。多个单狭缝衍射单元被布置为堆叠中的格栅，用于将入射的红外辐射衍射成相对于阱层的平面以不同角度指向阱层的连续的辐射分量。衍射单元由延伸穿过阻挡层，阱层和上接触层的空腔构成。这些空腔具有矩形，正方形和圆形，并以行和列排列形成网格。

3. 发明授权

US08704209B2 Photodetectors using resonance and method of making 有权
标题翻译：光电探测器采用共振和制作方法
公开(公告)号：US08704209B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-22
申请号：US13240125
申请日：2011-09-22
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 , G06F9/455
CPC分类号： H01L27/14601 , B82Y20/00 , H01L31/02165 , H01L31/02327 , H01L31/035236 , H01L31/035281 , H01L31/09 , Y02E10/50
摘要： An infrared photodetector comprising: a thin contact layer substantially transparent to infrared light; an absorption layer positioned such that light admitted through the substantially transparent thin contact area passes through the absorption layer; the absorption layer being configured to utilize resonance to increase absorption efficiency; at least one reflective side wall adjacent to the absorption layer being substantially non-parallel to the incident light operating to reflect light into the absorption layer for absorption of infrared radiation; and a top contact layer positioned adjacent to the active layer. A method of designing a photodetector comprising selecting a type of material based upon the wavelength range to be detected; determining a configuration geometry; calculating the electromagnetic field distributions using a computer simulated design of the configuration geometry, and determining a quantum efficiency spectrum at the desired wavelength or wavelength range; whereby the effectiveness of the photodetector is simulated prior to fabrication.
摘要翻译：一种红外光电检测器，包括：对红外光基本上透明的薄接触层; 吸收层定位成使得通过基本上透明的薄接触区域的光通过吸收层; 吸收层被配置为利用共振来增加吸收效率; 与吸收层相邻的至少一个反射侧壁与入射光基本上不平行，以将光反射入吸收层以吸收红外辐射; 以及邻近活性层定位的顶部接触层。一种设计光电检测器的方法，包括基于要检测的波长范围选择一种材料; 确定配置几何; 使用配置几何的计算机模拟设计来计算电磁场分布，以及在期望的波长或波长范围内确定量子效率光谱; 由此在制造之前模拟光电检测器的有效性。

4. 发明授权

US5278427A Quantum collector hot-electron transistor 失效
标题翻译：量子收集器热电子晶体管
公开(公告)号：US5278427A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US13608
申请日：1993-02-04
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L29/76 , H03B15/00 , H03B19/14 , H01L29/161
CPC分类号： H01L29/7606 , H03B19/14 , H03B15/00 , H03B2200/0032 , H03B2200/004 , Y10S977/712 , Y10S977/759 , Y10S977/76 , Y10S977/761 , Y10S977/936
摘要： A high-speed semiconductor device which comprises an emitter layer, a base layer, a collector layer, a potential barrier layer disposed between the emitter layer and the base layer, and a superlattice disposed between the base layer and the collector layer. The superlattice provides a multitude of quantum-mechanical transmission coefficients which can be applied to linear analog circuits and high frequency circuit. In addition, the high speed semiconductor device may act as a frequency multiplier, providing an output signal having 2n times as many frequencies as an input signal when n is the number of energy pass bands in said superlattice below a predetermined applied voltage.
摘要翻译：一种高速半导体器件，包括发射极层，基极层，集电极层，设置在发射极层和基极层之间的势垒层，以及设置在基极层和集电极层之间的超晶格。超晶格提供了许多量子力学传输系数，可以应用于线性模拟电路和高频电路。此外，高速半导体器件可以用作倍频器，当n是所述超晶格中的能量通带数低于预定的施加电压时，提供具有输入信号的2n倍的频率的输出信号。

5. 再颁专利

USRE34649E Multicolor .[.infrared.]. photodetector 失效
标题翻译：多色[红外]光电探测器
公开(公告)号：USRE34649E
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US885044
申请日：1992-05-18
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L31/0352 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01L31/035236 , H01L31/035281 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A multicolor .[.infrared.]. detection device comprising a number of doped antum well structural units. Each unit consists of a thick well and a thin well separated by a thin barrier. This arrangement produces strong coupling. .[.Infrared radiation.]. .Iadd.Radiation .Iaddend.incident on the device gives rise to intersubband absorption. For each transition a photosignal results which allows the detection of a plurality of incident frequencies.
摘要翻译：包括多个掺杂量子阱结构单元的多色[红外]检测装置。每个单元由一个厚的井和一个由薄壁隔开的薄井组成。这种布置产生强耦合。 [红外辐射]入射到器件上的辐射引起带间吸收。对于每个转换，可以检测多个入射频率的光信号结果。

6. 发明授权

US5198659A Wide-range multicolor IR detector 失效
标题翻译：宽范围多色红外探测器
公开(公告)号：US5198659A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US867726
申请日：1992-03-23
申请人： Doran D. Smith , Mitra Dutta , Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Doran D. Smith , Mitra Dutta , Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L31/0352 , H01L31/101
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01L31/035236 , H01L31/101
摘要： An IR photodetector including an IR semiconductor detector with conductive layers on opposite, parallel surfaces. A semiconductor substrate supports the semiconductor IR detector. A circuit is connected across the semiconductor IR detector to provide a bias voltage and for measuring current flow through the semiconductor IR detector. The semiconductor IR detector has a lattice structure made up of a series of potential wells separated by relatively wide potential barriers such that each well has two confined energy levels. A thin spike barrier is placed in the center of alternate potential wells to tailor the absorption characteristics of the semiconductor IR detector. Multicolor operation is achieved by selecting the appropriate well widths for a first group of potential wells and by placing thin spike barriers in a second group of potential wells that are alternately placed between the wells of the first group.
摘要翻译：一种红外光电检测器，其包括在相对的平行表面上具有导电层的IR半导体检测器。半导体衬底支撑半导体IR检测器。电路跨越半导体IR检测器连接以提供偏置电压并用于测量通过半导体IR检测器的电流。半导体IR检测器具有由相当宽的势垒隔开的一系列势阱组成的晶格结构，使得每个阱具有两个限制能级。薄的尖峰势垒置于交替势阱的中心，以调整半导体IR检测器的吸收特性。通过选择第一组潜在井的适当的井宽以及将交替放置在第一组的井之间的第二组潜在井中的薄的尖峰阻挡层放置来实现多色操作。

7. 发明授权

US06410917B1 Polarization-sensitive corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector array 失效
标题翻译：极化波纹量子阱红外光电探测器阵列
公开(公告)号：US06410917B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09677651
申请日：2000-10-03
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： G01J520
CPC分类号： H01L27/14601 , G01J4/04 , G01J5/20 , H01L27/1465
摘要： A polarization-sensitive infrared (IR) detector array for use in infrared cameras and other IR based instruments, is comprised of multiple corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector elements (C-QWIP) that form a unitary detector unit (cell). The array is preferably two-dimensional, which can detect polarization contrast of an observed object in a scene. Each detector unit (cell) is formed by a group of C-QWIP detector elements having different groove orientations and cross sections. Each detector unit (cell) has at least two C-QWIP detector elements with their respective corrugations orthogonally oriented. Infrared detection by these detector cells is primarily by polarization contrast, compared to intensity contrast, which is well known in the art. By measuring polarization of reflected light from the observed object, the type of material can also be identified. A first array embodiment of the invention comprises four C-QWIP elements that form a cell. The second array embodiment of the invention comprises a detector having two C-QWIPs to form a detector cell.
摘要翻译：用于红外相机和其他基于IR的仪器的偏振敏感红外（IR）检测器阵列由多个波纹量子阱红外光电探测器元件（C-QWIP）组成，其形成一体的检测器单元（单元）。阵列优选是二维的，其可以检测场景中被观察物体的偏振对比度。每个检测器单元（单元）由具有不同凹槽取向和横截面的一组C-QWIP检测器元件形成。每个检测器单元（单元）具有至少两个C-QWIP检测器元件，其各自的波形正交定向。这些检测器单元的红外检测主要是通过偏振对比度，与本领域公知的强度对比相比。通过测量来自观察对象的反射光的偏振，还可以识别材料的类型。本发明的第一阵列实施例包括形成单元的四个C-QWIP元件。本发明的第二阵列实施例包括具有两个C-QWIP以形成检测器单元的检测器。

8. 发明授权

US5477060A Infrared hot electron transistor with a superlattice base 失效
标题翻译：红外热电子晶体管与超晶格基极
公开(公告)号：US5477060A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-19
申请号：US82655
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L29/15 , H01L31/0352 , H01L29/06 , H01L31/0328 , H01L31/0336
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01L29/155 , H01L31/035236 , Y10S977/759 , Y10S977/761 , Y10S977/936
摘要： A semiconductor infrared detector having a transistor structure with a superlattice base. The superlattice base is between a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure and an electron energy high pass filter. The superlattice base restricts electrons to minibands resulting in no overlap in energy between the energies of the photoelectrons and the dark electrons. As a result, more photoelectrons reach the collector, and the emitter to collector photocurrent transfer ratio is increased. The increased transfer ratio results in increased sensitivity of the detector. The superlattice base between the MQW structure and the electron energy high pass filter comprises multiple alternating wells and barriers. The wells are preferably made of GaAs and the barriers are preferably made of Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As, where x is equal to 0.25. However, alternate embodiments may include all the combinations of the Al molar ratio x in the barriers in the light sensitive MQW region, the superlattice base, and the electron energy high pass filter. The minibands created in the superlattice base confines the photoelectrons into a miniband by reducing the phonon emission rate, and removing the available states between the minibands.
摘要翻译：一种半导体红外检测器，具有具有超晶格基极的晶体管结构。超晶格基极在多量子阱（MQW）结构和电子能量高通滤波器之间。超晶格基极限制电子到微型电子束，导致光电子能量和暗电子的能量之间的能量没有重叠。结果，更多的光电子到达集电极，并且发射极与集电极之间的光电流传递比增加。增加的传送比导致检测器的灵敏度增加。 MQW结构和电子能量高通滤波器之间的超晶格基极包括多个交替的阱和势垒。阱优选由GaAs制成，并且阻挡层优选由Al x Ga 1-x As制成，其中x等于0.25。然而，替代实施例可以包括光敏MQW区域，超晶格基极和电子能量高通滤波器中的屏障中的Al摩尔比x的所有组合。在超晶格基础上创建的迷你频带通过降低声子发射速率和去除迷你频带之间的可用状态将光电子限制在迷你频带内。

9. 发明授权

US5384469A Voltage-tunable, multicolor infrared detectors 失效
标题翻译：电压可调谐，多色红外探测器
公开(公告)号：US5384469A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US79793
申请日：1993-07-21
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L31/0352 , H01L31/06
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01L31/035236
摘要： A tunable radiation detector comprises a superlattice structure having a rality of quantum well units each separated by a first potential barrier and each having at least two doped quantum wells separated by a second potential barrier. The wells each have a lower energy level and a higher energy level. The first potential barriers substantially impede electrons at the lower levels from tunneling therethrough. The second potential barriers permit electrons at the lower levels to tunnel therethrough and prevent energy-level coupling between adjacent ones of the doped quantum wells. A biasing circuit is connected across the semiconductor superlattice structure. A photocurrent sensor is provided for measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by the semiconductor superlattice structure. The superlattice structure is made a part of a hot-electron transistor for providing amplification.
摘要翻译：可调谐辐射检测器包括具有多个量子阱单元的超晶格结构，每个量子阱单元由第一势垒隔开，并且每个均具有由第二势垒隔开的至少两个掺杂量子阱。这些井各自具有较低的能级和较高的能级。第一个潜在的障碍基本上阻碍了较低级别的电子穿透隧穿。第二个势垒允许较低电平的电子穿过其中，并阻止相邻的掺杂量子阱之间的能级耦合。偏置电路跨越半导体超晶格结构连接。提供了一种用于测量由半导体超晶格结构吸收的辐射量的光电流传感器。超晶格结构被制成用于提供放大的热电子晶体管的一部分。

10. 发明授权

US06979825B1 Quantum-grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) spectrometers and related methods 失效
标题翻译：量子网红外光电探测器（QGIP）光谱仪及相关方法
公开(公告)号：US06979825B1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US10411232
申请日：2003-04-11
申请人： Kwong-Kit Choi
发明人： Kwong-Kit Choi
IPC分类号： H01L27/144 , H01L31/0352 , H01L31/101
CPC分类号： H01L31/101 , B82Y20/00 , H01L27/1443 , H01L31/035236
摘要： A plurality of quantum-grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) elements are concatenated to form a spectrometer. Each of the QGIP elements is adapted to detect light at a particular range of wavelengths. Additionally, each QGIP element is adapted to produce a photocurrent that is proportional to the amount of light detected at its respective range of wavelengths. This type of configuration permits spectrometry within a spectrum that spans the aggregate ranges of wavelengths of each QGIP element.
摘要翻译：多个量子光栅红外光电检测器（QGIP）元件连接形成一个光谱仪。每个QGIP元件适于检测特定波长范围的光。另外，每个QGIP元件适于产生与在其相应波长范围内检测的光量成比例的光电流。这种类型的配置允许在跨越每个QGIP元素的聚合波长范围的光谱内进行光谱测定。

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