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1. 发明授权

US08837097B2 Protection, monitoring or indication apparatus for a direct current electrical generating apparatus or a plurality of strings 有权
标题翻译：用于直流发电装置或多个串的保护，监视或指示装置
公开(公告)号：US08837097B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-16
申请号：US12795032
申请日：2010-06-07
申请人： Joseph C. Zuercher , Birger Pahl , Charles J. Luebke , Brian Thomas Pier , Jerome K. Hastings , Vijay Bhavaraju
发明人： Joseph C. Zuercher , Birger Pahl , Charles J. Luebke , Brian Thomas Pier , Jerome K. Hastings , Vijay Bhavaraju
IPC分类号： G06F1/28 , H01L31/02 , H02H7/20 , H02H3/04
CPC分类号： H02H7/20 , H01L31/02021 , H02H3/04 , H02H7/10 , Y02E10/56
摘要： A protection apparatus is for a direct current electrical generating apparatus. The protection apparatus includes a first terminal; a second terminal; a third terminal; a fourth terminal; at least one current sensor structured to sense current flowing between the first and second terminals or between the third and fourth terminals; a voltage sensor structured to sense a voltage between the first terminal and the third terminal; at least one switch structured to interrupt the current flowing between the first and second terminals or between the third and fourth terminals; and a processor cooperating with the at least one current sensor, the voltage sensor and the at least one switch, and being structured to provide feed forward fault protection for the direct current electrical generating apparatus.
摘要翻译：保护装置用于直流发电装置。保护装置包括：第一终端; 第二个终端第三个终端; 第四个终端; 至少一个电流传感器，其被构造为感测在所述第一和第二端子之间或所述第三和第四端子之间流动的电流; 电压传感器，被构造为感测第一端子和第三端子之间的电压; 至少一个开关，被构造成中断在第一和第二端子之间或第三和第四端子之间流动的电流; 以及处理器，其与所述至少一个电流传感器，所述电压传感器和所述至少一个开关配合，并被构造成为所述直流发电设备提供前馈故障保护。

2. 发明授权

US07256566B2 Method and apparatus for determining a maximum power point of photovoltaic cells 有权
标题翻译：用于确定光伏电池的最大功率点的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07256566B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-14
申请号：US10836121
申请日：2004-04-30
申请人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Kerry E. Grand , Anil Tuladhar
发明人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Kerry E. Grand , Anil Tuladhar
IPC分类号： H01M10/44
CPC分类号： G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58
摘要： The maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic array that can be coupled to power inverter is determined. A capacitor on a DC-bus side of the inverter is used as a load from which I-V characteristics of the photovoltaic array can be generated. The photovoltaic array is connected to the capacitor, which has been previously discharged by a bleed down resistor. Short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and values of current and voltage as the capacitor charges are determined and used to generate I-V characteristics of the photovoltaic array. From the I-V characteristics, the MPP can be calculated.
摘要翻译：确定可耦合到电力逆变器的光伏阵列的最大功率点（MPP）。逆变器的直流母线侧的电容器被用作能够产生光伏阵列的I-V特性的负载。光伏阵列连接到先前由泄放电阻器放电的电容器。短路电流，开路电压以及作为电容器电荷的电流和电压值被确定并用于产生光伏阵列的I-V特性。从I-V特性可以计算MPP。

3. 发明授权

US09502904B2 Power conversion system and method providing maximum efficiency of power conversion for a photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic system employing a photovoltaic array and an energy storage device 有权
标题翻译：电力转换系统和方法为光伏系统提供最大功率转换效率，以及采用光伏阵列和能量存储装置的光伏系统
公开(公告)号：US09502904B2
公开(公告)日：2016-11-22
申请号：US12729304
申请日：2010-03-23
申请人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Richard P. Peplinski , Anish Prasai
发明人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Richard P. Peplinski , Anish Prasai
IPC分类号： H02J3/00 , H02J3/38 , H02J3/32 , H02J7/35
CPC分类号： H02J3/385 , H02J3/32 , H02J7/35 , Y02E10/566 , Y02E10/58 , Y10T307/707
摘要： A power conversion system includes a number of photovoltaic arrays, a number of inverters, a transformer, and processor. The processor is structured to control the number of inverters and operate the power conversion system to provide maximum efficiency of power conversion by the number of photovoltaic arrays, the number of inverters and the transformer, and to maximize power output from the number of photovoltaic arrays.
摘要翻译：电力转换系统包括多个光伏阵列，多个逆变器，变压器和处理器。处理器被构造为控制逆变器的数量并操作电力转换系统，以通过光伏阵列的数量，逆变器和变压器的数量提供功率转换的最大效率，并且最大化从光伏阵列的数量的功率输出。

4. 发明申请

US20140001864A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONNECTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL ARRANGEMENTS 有权
标题翻译：系列和系列中的光伏阵列连接和并行安排的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20140001864A1
公开(公告)日：2014-01-02
申请号：US13538473
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Prasanna S. Nirantare , Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Jun Xu , Christopher Scott Thompson
发明人： Prasanna S. Nirantare , Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Jun Xu , Christopher Scott Thompson
IPC分类号： H02J1/10
CPC分类号： H01L31/02021 , H01L31/05 , H02J1/10 , Y02E10/50 , Y10T307/653
摘要： A system and method for selectively connecting photovoltaic (PV) arrays of a PV power system in series and parallel arrangements is disclosed. A DC-to-AC power inverter in the PV power system is electrically coupled to a plurality of PV arrays to receive a DC output therefrom and invert the DC output to an AC output, with the DC-to-AC power inverter including a DC link that receives the DC output from the plurality of PV arrays. A contactor arrangement is positioned between the plurality of PV arrays and the DC-to-AC power inverter, with the contactor arrangement including a plurality of contactors that are switchable between an on state and an off state to selectively connect the plurality of PV arrays to the DC-to-AC power inverter in a specified arrangement, so as to control a level of DC voltage received by the DC-to-AC power inverter from the plurality of PV arrays.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于选择性连接PV电力系统的串联和并联装置的光伏（PV）阵列的系统和方法。 PV电力系统中的DC到AC电力逆变器电耦合到多个PV阵列以从其接收DC输出并将DC输出反转到AC输出，DC-AC电力逆变器包括DC 链路，其从多个PV阵列接收DC输出。接触器布置位于多个PV阵列和DC-AC电力逆变器之间，其中接触器装置包括可在导通状态和断开状态之间切换的多个接触器，以选择性地将多个PV阵列连接到 DC-AC电力逆变器，以便控制DC-AC电力逆变器从多个PV阵列接收的DC电压的电平。

5. 发明申请

US20120194005A1 POWER FLOW REGULATOR INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF DC-DC CONVERTERS 有权
标题翻译：功率流量调节器，包括DC-DC转换器的多样性
公开(公告)号：US20120194005A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-02
申请号：US13014768
申请日：2011-01-27
申请人： YU LIU , Christopher S. Thompson , Vijay Bhavaraju
发明人： YU LIU , Christopher S. Thompson , Vijay Bhavaraju
IPC分类号： H02J1/10
CPC分类号： H02J1/102 , H02J3/385 , Y02E10/58 , Y10T307/258 , Y10T307/469 , Y10T307/505 , Y10T307/696 , Y10T307/707
摘要： A power flow regulator includes a plurality of bi-directional DC-DC converters, each of said converters comprising a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output; and a capacitor electrically connected between the first and second inputs of each of said converters. Either the first output of each of said converters is electrically connected to a corresponding DC source and the second output of each of said converters is electrically connected to a common DC load, or the first output of each of said converters is electrically connected to a corresponding DC load and the second output of each of said converters is electrically connected to a common DC source.
摘要翻译：功率流调节器包括多个双向DC-DC转换器，每个所述转换器包括第一输入，第二输入，第一输出和第二输出; 以及电连接在每个所述转换器的第一和第二输入端之间的电容器。每个所述转换器的第一输出端电连接到对应的直流电源，并且每个所述转换器的第二输出电连接到公共直流负载，或者每个所述转换器的第一输出电连接到相应的 DC负载和每个所述转换器的第二输出电连接到公共DC源。

6. 发明申请

US20140084817A1 METHOD OF ENERGY AND POWER MANAGEMENT IN DYNAMIC POWER SYSTEMS WITH ULTRA-CAPACITORS (SUPER CAPACITORS) 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有超级电容器（超级电容器）的动力系统中的能量和功率管理方法
公开(公告)号：US20140084817A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-27
申请号：US13984084
申请日：2011-07-20
申请人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Yakov L. Familiant , Steven C. Schmalz
发明人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Yakov L. Familiant , Steven C. Schmalz
IPC分类号： H02J1/10 , H02P3/14 , H02P6/00
CPC分类号： H02J1/102 , B60L50/40 , B64D2221/00 , H02P3/14 , H02P6/34 , Y02T10/7022 , Y02T50/54 , Y10T307/516
摘要： A power management system includes an ultracapacitor and a charge shuttle including a power converter. The charge shuttle may be coupled with the ultracapacitor and may be configured to be coupled with a load. The charge shuttle can be configured to monitor one or more parameters of the load and the ultracapacitor, and to control energy flow between the load and the ultracapacitor based on or according to monitored parameters. The system may also include a battery or other rechargeable energy storage element.
摘要翻译：电源管理系统包括超级电容器和包括功率转换器的充电梭。电荷穿梭可以与超级电容器耦合，并且可以被配置为与负载耦合。充电梭可配置为监测负载和超级电容器的一个或多个参数，并根据监控的参数控制负载和超级电容器之间的能量流动。该系统还可以包括电池或其他可再充电能量存储元件。

7. 发明授权

US08587906B2 Photovotaic system including hybrid bi-directional DC contactors and method of detection and isolation of faults therein 失效
标题翻译：包括混合双向直流接触器的光伏系统及其中的故障的检测和隔离方法
公开(公告)号：US08587906B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-19
申请号：US13440275
申请日：2012-04-05
申请人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Peter J. Theisen
发明人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Peter J. Theisen
IPC分类号： H02H3/00
CPC分类号： H02J3/383 , H01L31/02021 , Y02E10/563 , Y10T307/696
摘要： A photovoltaic (PV) power system is disclosed that includes hybrid DC contactors corresponding to each of a plurality of PV strings, with each hybrid DC contactor having main contacts, a solid state switching unit positioned in parallel with the main contacts, and sensors configured to measure a voltage and current on respective PV strings. A controller is provided in the PV power system that is configured to receive voltage and current data on the PV strings, detect a fault condition on a respective PV string based on the voltage and current data, cause the main contacts of a respective hybrid DC contactor to remain closed on each PV string for which a fault condition is detected, and cause the main contacts of a respective hybrid DC contactor to open on each PV string for which no fault condition is detected, so as to clear the fault condition.
摘要翻译：公开了一种光伏（PV）电力系统，其包括对应于多个PV串中的每一个的混合DC接触器，每个混合DC接触器具有主触点，与主触点平行定位的固态开关单元，以及被配置为测量各个PV串上的电压和电流。在PV电力系统中设置有一个控制器，其被配置为接收PV串上的电压和电流数据，基于电压和电流数据检测相应PV串上的故障状况，导致相应的混合DC接触器的主触点在检测到故障条件的每个PV串上保持闭合，并且使得各个混合DC接触器的主触点在没有检测到故障状态的每个PV串上打开，以便清除故障状况。

8. 发明授权

US08334618B2 Method and area electric power system detecting islanding by employing controlled reactive power injection by a number of inverters 有权
标题翻译：通过多台逆变器采用受控无功功率注入方法和区域电力系统检测孤岛
公开(公告)号：US08334618B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-18
申请号：US12617994
申请日：2009-11-13
申请人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Richard P. Peplinski , Anish Prasai , Uday Mhaskar
发明人： Vijay Bhavaraju , Richard P. Peplinski , Anish Prasai , Uday Mhaskar
IPC分类号： H02J1/00 , H02J3/00
CPC分类号： H02J3/38 , H02J3/383 , H02J2003/388 , Y02E10/563 , Y10T307/707 , Y10T307/729
摘要： An area electric power system includes a number of direct current power sources, and a number of inverters operatively associated with the number of direct current power sources. Each of the number of inverters is structured to provide real power and controlled reactive power injection to detect islanding. An output is powered by the number of inverters. A number of electrical switching apparatus are structured to electrically connect the number of inverters to and electrically disconnect the number of inverters from a utility grid. A number of devices are structured to detect islanding with respect to the utility grid responsive to a number of changes of alternating current frequency or voltage of the output.
摘要翻译：区域电力系统包括多个直流电源，以及与多个直流电源可操作地相关联的多个逆变器。逆变器中的每一个被构造成提供实际功率和可控的无功功率注入来检测孤岛。输出由逆变器的数量供电。多个电气开关装置被构造成将逆变器的数量电连接到电力电网上并使电力断开。多个装置被构造成响应于输出的交流频率或电压的多个变化来检测关于公用电网的孤岛。

9. 发明授权

US06940735B2 Power converter system 有权
公开(公告)号：US06940735B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10713767
申请日：2003-11-14
申请人： Duo Deng , Vijay Bhavaraju
发明人： Duo Deng , Vijay Bhavaraju
IPC分类号： H02J3/38 , H02M5/458 , H02M7/797 , H02M5/45
CPC分类号： H02J3/383 , H02J3/387 , H02M5/4585 , H02M7/797 , Y02B10/14 , Y02E10/563
摘要： A power converter system advantageously employs a modular, bi-directionally symmetrical power converter assembly in a readily customizable configuration to interconnect a direct current power source to a three-phase alternating power grid. Connections external to the power converter assembly are selected to optimize the power converter system for a specific application, such as interconnecting a photovoltaic array to the three-phase electrical power grid. The electrical interconnections of various elements including isolation transformers, voltage sensors, and control switches are optimized to improve efficiency and reliability.

10. 发明授权

US09287418B2 System and method for connection of photovoltaic arrays in series and parallel arrangements 有权
标题翻译：用于连接光伏阵列串联和并联装置的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US09287418B2
公开(公告)日：2016-03-15
申请号：US13538473
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Prasanna S. Nirantare , Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Jun Xu , Christopher Scott Thompson
发明人： Prasanna S. Nirantare , Vijay Bhavaraju , Tiefu Zhao , Jun Xu , Christopher Scott Thompson
IPC分类号： H02J1/00 , H02J3/00 , H01L31/02 , H02J1/10 , H01L31/05
CPC分类号： H01L31/02021 , H01L31/05 , H02J1/10 , Y02E10/50 , Y10T307/653
摘要： A system and method for selectively connecting photovoltaic (PV) arrays of a PV power system in series and parallel arrangements is disclosed. A DC-to-AC power inverter in the PV power system is electrically coupled to a plurality of PV arrays to receive a DC output therefrom and invert the DC output to an AC output, with the DC-to-AC power inverter including a DC link that receives the DC output from the plurality of PV arrays. A contactor arrangement is positioned between the plurality of PV arrays and the DC-to-AC power inverter, with the contactor arrangement including a plurality of contactors that are switchable between an on state and an off state to selectively connect the plurality of PV arrays to the DC-to-AC power inverter in a specified arrangement, so as to control a level of DC voltage received by the DC-to-AC power inverter from the plurality of PV arrays.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于选择性连接PV电力系统的串联和并联装置的光伏（PV）阵列的系统和方法。 PV电力系统中的DC到AC电力逆变器电耦合到多个PV阵列以从其接收DC输出并将DC输出反转到AC输出，DC-AC电力逆变器包括DC 链路，其从多个PV阵列接收DC输出。接触器布置位于多个PV阵列和DC-AC电力逆变器之间，其中接触器装置包括可在导通状态和断开状态之间切换的多个接触器，以选择性地将多个PV阵列连接到 DC-AC电力逆变器，以便控制DC-AC电力逆变器从多个PV阵列接收的DC电压的电平。

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