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1. 发明授权

US5143828A Method for synthesizing an enzyme-catalyzed polymerized monolayer 失效
标题翻译：合成酶催化聚合单层的方法
公开(公告)号：US5143828A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-01
申请号：US815213
申请日：1991-12-31
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Lynne A. Samuelson , Braja K. Mandal , Sukant K. Tripathy , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Kenneth A. Marx
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Lynne A. Samuelson , Braja K. Mandal , Sukant K. Tripathy , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Kenneth A. Marx
IPC分类号： B05D1/20 , C08G61/10 , C08G73/02 , C12P7/22 , C12P13/00
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , B05D1/204 , B82Y40/00 , C08G61/10 , C08G73/0266 , C12P13/001 , C12P7/22
摘要： A method for synthesizing enzyme-catalyzed polymers using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. In one embodiment, the process comprises spreading one or more enzyme-polymerizable monomers on a water-miscible solvent. The monomers are sufficiently surface active that they align themselves on the air-solvent interface. Next, pressure is applied to the interface to form a monolayer made up of the monomers. An enzyme is then introduced into the solvent, causing polymerization of the monomers in the monolayer. The polymeric monolayers produced by the present method are easier to process and have reduced cross-linking and branching as compared to similar polymers produced in bulk by enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
摘要翻译：使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术合成酶催化聚合物的方法。在一个实施方案中，该方法包括将一种或多种可酶聚合的单体铺在水混溶性溶剂上。单体具有足够的表面活性，使得它们自己在空气 - 溶剂界面上对准。接下来，向界面施加压力以形成由单体组成的单层。然后将酶引入溶剂中，引起单体在单层中的聚合。通过本发明方法制备的聚合物单层与通过酶催化反应在本体产生的类似聚合物相比更容易加工并且具有减少的交联和支化。

2. 发明授权

US5438192A Photodynamic protein-based photodetector and photodetector system for image detection and processing 失效
标题翻译：光动力蛋白质光电探测器和光电探测器系统，用于图像检测和处理
公开(公告)号：US5438192A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US166398
申请日：1993-12-09
申请人： David L. Kaplan , Lynne A. Samuelson , Bonnie J. Wiley , Kenneth A. Marx , Jayant Kumar , Sukant K. Tripathy , Sandip K. Sengupta , Mario J. Cazeca
发明人： David L. Kaplan , Lynne A. Samuelson , Bonnie J. Wiley , Kenneth A. Marx , Jayant Kumar , Sukant K. Tripathy , Sandip K. Sengupta , Mario J. Cazeca
IPC分类号： G01J1/42 , H01L31/08 , H01L51/30 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： H01L51/42 , B82Y10/00 , H01L51/0093 , H01L27/307 , Y02E10/549 , Y10S428/919
摘要： A photodetection device uses configurations of photodynamic proteins which exhibit a change in electrical conductivity in response to a corresponding change in incident light intensity in the presence of an applied voltage. The photodynamic proteins are coupled to an electrical conductor, a voltage source and a conductivity sensor. The photodynamic protein complex includes at least one layer of a photodynamic protein and preferably includes a multi-layered thin-film structure with each layer comprised of either a photodynamic protein or a conductive polymer or oligomer. Groups of linked photodetectors where the photodetectors have different, but overlapping, spectral response ranges are used to detect specific wavelengths of incident light. An array of these groups of linked photodetectors arranged in a predetermined spatial pattern allows detection of both colon and images. An image processing system is constructed from this array of groups of linked photodetectors by coupling the output of the array to a processing component and the output of the processing component to an output device. A dynamic adaptive camouflage system is derived from the image processing system by mounting the photodetectors and display devices on an apparatus to be camouflaged and displaying a spatially shifted image of the incident ambient light.
摘要翻译：光电检测装置使用光动力学蛋白质的配置，其响应于存在施加电压的入射光强度的相应变化而呈现导电性变化。光动力学蛋白质耦合到电导体，电压源和电导率传感器。光动力学蛋白质复合物包括至少一层光动力学蛋白质，并且优选地包括具有由光动力学蛋白质或导电聚合物或低聚物组成的每层的多层薄膜结构。光电探测器具有不同但重叠的光谱响应范围的联接光电检测器组被用于检测入射光的特定波长。以预定的空间图案布置的这些组的相连的光电探测器的阵列允许检测结肠和图像。通过将阵列的输出耦合到处理部件和将处理部件的输出耦合到输出装置，从这组连接的光电检测器组构成图像处理系统。通过将光电检测器和显示装置安装在要伪装的装置上并显示入射环境光的空间位移图像，从图像处理系统得到动态适应伪装系统。

3. 发明授权

US5260004A Process of making Langmuir-Blodgett films having photo-electronic properties 失效
标题翻译：制作具有光电特性的Langmuir-Blodgett薄膜的工艺
公开(公告)号：US5260004A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US802675
申请日：1991-12-02
申请人： Lynne A. Samuelson , David L. Kaplan , Kenneth A. Marx , Sukant K. Tripathy , Jayant Kumar
发明人： Lynne A. Samuelson , David L. Kaplan , Kenneth A. Marx , Sukant K. Tripathy , Jayant Kumar
IPC分类号： B05D1/20 , B29C41/12 , B29C67/24 , B29C41/02 , B29C71/02 , B29C71/04
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , B05D1/202 , B29C41/12 , B29C67/24 , B82Y40/00 , B29K2089/00
摘要： Langmuir-Blodgett films having photo-electronic properties and methods of making the same. The instant films may be made, for example, by spreading a mixture of one or more types of biotinylated lipids and one or more types of electrically-conductive lipids over a water-miscible liquid subphase. Conjugated molecules comprising a biotin-binding component made up of an avidin or streptavidin molecule or a fragment or derivative thereof having biotin-binding activity and a photodynamic proteinaceous component are then injected into the subphase. Because of the affinity between biotin and the biotin-binding component, the conjugated molecules bind to the biotinylated lipids. The air-subphase interface is then compressed, causing the biotinylated lipids and electrically-conductive lipids to form a monolayer thereat. In one embodiment, the biotin-binding component has biotin-binding sites available on its underside which may be used to bind biotinylated derivatives of one or more different species of photodynamic proteinaceous components and/or to build up a multilayered complex of biotin-binding molecules and functional proteinaceous components using biotinylated rigid or flexible couplers.
摘要翻译：具有光电特性的Langmuir-Blodgett薄膜及其制造方法。可以例如通过将一种或多种类型的生物素化脂质和一种或多种类型的导电脂质的混合物铺在水混溶液体相上来制备即时膜。然后将包含由具有生物素结合活性的抗生物素蛋白或链霉抗生物素蛋白分子或其片段或衍生物的生物素结合组分的结合分子和光动力学蛋白质组分注入到亚相中。由于生物素与生物素结合成分之间的亲和力，共轭分子与生物素化的脂质结合。然后将空气 - 亚相界面压缩，导致生物素化的脂质和导电脂质在其上形成单层。在一个实施方案中，生物素结合组分在其下侧具有可用的生物素结合位点，其可用于结合一种或多种不同种类的光动力蛋白质组分的生物素化衍生物和/或建立生物素结合分子的多层复合物和使用生物素化的刚性或柔性耦合剂的功能蛋白质组分。

4. 发明授权

US5846753A Chemiluminescence-based method for rapid and sensitive in-situ detection of organophosphorus compounds and metal ions 失效
标题翻译：基于化学发光的方法，用于快速和灵敏地原位检测有机磷化合物和金属离子
公开(公告)号：US5846753A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US445565
申请日：1995-05-30
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu S. R. Ayyagari , Kenneth A. Marx , Sanjay Kamtekar , Rajiv Pande , Sukant K. Tripathy , Jayant Kumar
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu S. R. Ayyagari , Kenneth A. Marx , Sanjay Kamtekar , Rajiv Pande , Sukant K. Tripathy , Jayant Kumar
IPC分类号： C12Q1/42 , C07D305/14 , C12Q1/44
CPC分类号： C12Q1/42 , C12Q2334/00
摘要： A method of detecting the presence of a substance being monitored in a medium, selected from the group of substances including organophosphorus compounds and the metal ions Zn, Be and Bi, including the steps of: providing a 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound; providing a phosphatase that catalytically degrades the 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound to produce light, the catalytic activity of the phosphatase toward 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound being altered by the substance being monitored; exposing the 1,2-dioxetane phenyl phosphate compound and the phosphatase together to a medium which may contain the substance being monitored; detecting light produced after the exposing step; and determining, from the detected light, the presence and concentration in the medium of the substance being monitored.
摘要翻译：一种检测在包括有机磷化合物和金属离子Zn，Be和Bi的物质组中的介质中被监测物质的存在的方法，包括以下步骤：提供1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物; 提供催化降解1,2-二氧杂环丁烷苯基磷酸酯化合物以产生光的磷酸酶，磷酸酯对正在监测的物质的1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物的催化活性改变; 将1,2-二氧环乙烷苯基磷酸酯化合物和磷酸酶一起暴露于可能含有被监测物质的介质中; 检测曝光步骤后产生的光; 并且从检测到的光中确定被监测物质的介质中的存在和浓度。

5. 发明授权

US06228997B1 Transesterification of insoluble polysaccharides 失效
标题翻译：不溶性多糖的酯交换
公开(公告)号：US06228997B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09192209
申请日：1998-07-10
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Jonathan S. Dordick
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Jonathan S. Dordick
IPC分类号： C08B3708
CPC分类号： C12P7/62 , C08B11/20 , C08B37/00 , C08B37/0012 , C08B37/003 , C12P19/04
摘要： Bacillus subtilis protease catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble polysaccharides in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids as acyl donor. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated with amylose, cyclodextrins, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and other polysaccharides such as chitosan, pullulan, and maltodextrose. These polysaccharides are reactive either as a cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. For chitosan, &agr;-cyclodextrin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), the enzymatic crosslinking reaction occurs using adipic acid divinyl ester (C6DVE). HEC forms a compound that gels in solvents such as ethyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfone oxide (DMSO). Electron spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA) of the first 100 Å of the amylose thin film amylose indicates that the acylated surface had a degree of substitution of 0.9±0.1 acyl chains per glucose moiety and this corresponded well to the expected regioselectivity of subtilisin catalysis on glucose-containing compounds. 1H-NMR studies indicated that only the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose moiety were acylated with amylose and &ggr;-cyclodextrin. However, &bgr;-cyclodextrin, and &agr;-cyclodextrin were modified at secondary alcohols and at all three alcohols, respectively. This approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic solvent-insoluble polymers in nonaqueous media.
摘要翻译：枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶催化有机溶剂不溶性多糖在含有作为酰基供体的脂肪酸乙烯基酯的异辛烷溶液中的酰化。仅当酶通过离子配对与阴离子表面活性剂二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠（AOT）溶解时才发生反应。用直链淀粉，环糊精，纤维素，纤维素衍生物和其它多糖例如壳聚糖，支链淀粉和麦芽糊精证明酶基酰化。这些多糖作为悬浮在有机溶剂中的低温研磨粉末或沉积在ZnSe载片上的薄膜是反应性的。对于壳聚糖，α-环糊精和羟乙基纤维素（HEC），使用己二酸二乙烯基酯（C 6 DVE）进行酶交联反应。 HEC形成在溶剂如乙醇和二甲基砜氧化物（DMSO）中凝胶化合物。直链淀粉薄膜直链淀粉的第一个100的电子光谱化学分析（ESCA）表明，酰化表面的每个葡萄糖部分具有0.9±0.1个酰基链的取代度，这与枯草杆菌蛋白酶对葡萄糖的催化的预期区域选择性相当的化合物。 1 H-NMR研究表明，只有葡萄糖部分的C-6羟基被直链淀粉和γ-环糊精酰化。然而，β-环糊精和α-环糊精分别在仲醇和所有三种醇中进行了改性。该方法代表了使用酶来修饰非水介质中有机溶剂不溶性聚合物的第一次尝试。

6. 发明授权

US6063916A Transesterification of insoluble polysaccharides 失效
标题翻译：不溶性多糖的酯交换
公开(公告)号：US6063916A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US774329
申请日：1996-11-27
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Jonathan S. Dordick
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Ferdinando F. Bruno , Jonathan S. Dordick
IPC分类号： C12P7/62 , C08B3/00 , C08B31/02 , C08B37/00
CPC分类号： C12P7/625
摘要： Bacillus subtilis protease catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble polysaccharides in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids as acyl donor. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated with amylose, cyclodextrins, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and other polysaccharides such as chitosan, pullulan, and maltodextrose. These polysaccharides are reactive either as a cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. For chitosan, .alpha.-cyclodextrin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), the enzymatic crosslinking reaction occurs using adipic acid divinyl ester (C6DVE). HEC forms a compound that gels in solvents such as ethyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfone oxide (DMSO). Electron spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA) of the first 100 .ANG. of the amylose thin film amylose indicates that the acylated surface had a degree of substitution of 0.9.+-.0.1 acyl chains per glucose moiety and this corresponded well to the expected regioselectivity of subtilisin catalysis on glucose-containing compounds. .sup.1 H-NMR studies indicated that only the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose moiety were acylated with amylose and .gamma.-cyclodextrin. However, .beta.-cyclodextrin, and .alpha.-cyclodextrin were modified at secondary alcohols and at all three alcohols, respectively. This approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic solvent-insoluble polymers in nonaqueous media.
摘要翻译：枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶催化有机溶剂不溶性多糖在含有作为酰基供体的脂肪酸乙烯基酯的异辛烷溶液中的酰化。仅当酶通过离子配对与阴离子表面活性剂二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠（AOT）溶解时才发生反应。用直链淀粉，环糊精，纤维素，纤维素衍生物和其它多糖例如壳聚糖，支链淀粉和麦芽糊精证明酶基酰化。这些多糖作为悬浮在有机溶剂中的低温研磨粉末或沉积在ZnSe载片上的薄膜是反应性的。对于壳聚糖，α-环糊精和羟乙基纤维素（HEC），使用己二酸二乙烯基酯（C 6 DVE）发生酶交联反应。 HEC形成在溶剂如乙醇和二甲基砜氧化物（DMSO）中凝胶化合物。直链淀粉薄膜直链淀粉的前100个ANGSTROM的电子光谱化学分析（ESCA）表明，酰化表面的每个葡萄糖部分的取代度为0.9 +/- 0.1个酰基链，这与枯草杆菌蛋白酶催化的预期区域选择性相当对含葡萄糖的化合物。 1 H-NMR研究表明，只有葡萄糖部分的C-6羟基被直链淀粉和γ-环糊精酰化。然而，β-环糊精和α-环糊精分别在仲醇和所有三种醇上进行了改性。该方法代表了使用酶来修饰非水介质中有机溶剂不溶性聚合物的第一次尝试。

7. 发明授权

US06444450B1 Large-scale production of polyphenols or polyaromatic amines using enzyme-mediated reactions 失效
公开(公告)号：US06444450B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-03
申请号：US09014522
申请日：1998-01-28
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , Madhu S. R. Ayyagari , David L. Kaplan
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , Madhu S. R. Ayyagari , David L. Kaplan
IPC分类号： C12P1322
摘要： A process for large-scale, low cost, batch or continuous production of polyphenols using enzyme-mediated reactions and methods for recycling non-consumed reactants.

8. 发明授权

US06362315B1 Process to control the molecular weight and polydispersity of substituted polyphenols and polyaromatic amines by enzymatic synthesis in organic solvents, microemulsions, and biphasic systems 有权
公开(公告)号：US06362315B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09252611
申请日：1999-02-04
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
IPC分类号： C08G6538
摘要： A process of controlling the molecular weight and dispersity of poly(p-ethylphenol) and poly(m-cresol) synthesized enzymatically by varying the composition of the reaction medium. Polymers with low dispersities and molecular weights from 1000 to 3000 are synthesized in reversed micelles and biphasic systems. In comparison, reactions in bulk solvents resulted in a narrow range of molecular weights (281 to 675 with poly(p-ethylphenol) in a DMF/water system and 1,400 to 25,000 with poly(m-cresol) in an ethanol/water system). Poly(p-ethylphenol) was functionalized at hydroxyl positions with palmitoyl, cinnamoyl, and biotin groups.

9. 发明授权

US6096859A Process to control the molecular weight and polydispersity of substituted polyphenols and polyaromatic amines by enzymatic synthesis in organic solvents, microemulsions, and biphasic systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US6096859A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-01
申请号：US598737
申请日：1996-01-16
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
IPC分类号： C08G61/10 , C08F6/12 , C08J3/14
CPC分类号： C08G61/10
摘要： A process of controlling the molecular weight and dispersity of poly(p-ethylphenol) and poly(m-cresol) synthesized enzymatically by varying the composition of the reaction medium. Polymers with low dispersities and molecular weights from 1000 to 3000 are synthesized in reversed micelles and biphasic systems. In comparison, reactions in bulk solvents resulted in a narrow range of molecular weights (281 to 675 with poly(p-ethylphenol) in a DMF/water system and 1,400 to 25,000 with poly(m-cresol) in an ethanol/water system). Poly(p-ethylphenol) was functionalized at hydroxyl positions with palmitoyl, cinnamoyl, and biotin groups.

10. 发明授权

US06362314B1 Process to control the molecular weight and polydispersity of substituted polyphenols and polyaromatic amines by enzymatic synthesis in organic solvents, microemulsions, and biphasic systems 有权
公开(公告)号：US06362314B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09244005
申请日：1999-02-04
申请人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
发明人： Joseph A. Akkara , David L. Kaplan , Madhu Ayyagari
IPC分类号： C08G6538
摘要： A process of controlling the molecular weight and dispersity of poly(p-ethylphenol) and poly(m-cresol) synthesized enzymatically by varying the composition of the reaction medium. Polymers with low dispersities and molecular weights from 1000 to 3000 are synthesized in reversed micelles and biphasic systems. In comparison, reactions in bulk solvents resulted in a narrow range of molecular weights (281 to 675 with poly(p-ethylphenol) in a DMF/water system and 1,400 to 25,000 with poly(m-cresol) in an ethanol/water system). Poly(p-ethylphenol) was functionalized at hydroxyl positions with palmitoyl, cinnamoyl, and biotin groups.

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