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1. 发明授权

US5229991A Packet switch with broadcasting capability for ATM networks 失效
标题翻译：具有ATM网络广播能力的分组交换机
公开(公告)号：US5229991A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-20
申请号：US647808
申请日：1991-01-30
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04L12/18 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04L49/106 , H04L49/203
摘要： A packet switch having broadcasting capability for an ATM network includes a copy network stage having an increased number of copy outputs over the number of switch inputs and outputs to improve data throughput under worst case conditions, broadcast translation circuits with inputs connected to a multiple number of copy network outputs for multiplexing the data packets therethrough, partitioned memories for the broadcast translation circuits to reduce their memory requirements, and techniques for aligning broadcast copies of data packets for minimizing the number of copies each BTC must translate and thereby reduce each of their memories. All of these enhancements to a prior art broadcast ATM switch substantially reduce its memory requirements to thereby enable broadcasting in an ATM switch to be practically realized.
摘要翻译：具有用于ATM网络的广播能力的分组交换机包括复制网络阶段，其具有在开关输入和输出数量上增加的拷贝输出数量，以在最坏情况条件下提高数据吞吐量，具有连接到多个复制用于复用数据分组的网络输出，用于广播转换电路的分区存储器以减少它们的存储器需求，以及用于对准数据分组的广播副本的技术，以使每个BTC必须转换的副本数量最小化，从而减少它们的每个存储器。对现有技术的广播ATM交换机的所有这些改进大大减少了其存储器要求，从而使ATM实际上能够实现广播。

2. 发明授权

US5179556A Bandwidth management and congestion control scheme for multicast ATM networks 失效
标题翻译：组播ATM网络的带宽管理和拥塞控制方案
公开(公告)号：US5179556A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US740009
申请日：1991-08-02
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04J3/24 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L12/5602 , H04J3/247 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5632 , H04L2012/5636 , H04L2012/5642 , H04L2012/5678
摘要： A bandwidth management and congestion control scheme for a multi-cast ATM network which includes a buffer reservation mechanism comprised of a state machine for association with each virtual circuit set up through the network, the state machine being adapted to monitor the number of available buffer slots at a data link and reading an encoding scheme for cells comprising a burst of data in order to control its switching from an active to an idle state to thereby control the flow of data through the virtual circuit. A state dependent token pool mechanism is associated with each virtual circuit and generates tokens at varying rates which are "used" by transmitted data in order to monitor and control the average data rate passing through a data link over a virtual circuit. By thus monitoring and controlling the peak data rate and average data rate, the bandwidth for each data link is efficiently managed to maximize data throughput and minimize loss of data cells from data bursts. A novel means for determining the availability of capacity on a data link for establishing a virtual circuit is also disclosed which depends on a probability calculation expressed in terms of the average data rate and peak data rate through a network link. This information is available through the buffer reservation mechanism and the token pool mechanism to facilitate the fast calculation required to establish a virtual circuit "on the fly". Various implementation details are also provided.
摘要翻译：一种用于多播ATM网络的带宽管理和拥塞控制方案，其包括由状态机组成的缓冲器预留机制，所述状态机与通过所述网络建立的每个虚拟电路相关联，所述状态机适于监视可用缓冲器时隙的数量在数据链路处读取包括数据突发的小区的编码方案，以便控制其从活动状态切换到空闲状态，从而控制通过虚拟电路的数据流。状态依赖标记池机制与每个虚拟电路相关联，并以变化的速率产生令牌，这些令牌被发送的数据“使用”，以便监视和控制通过虚拟电路通过数据链路的平均数据速率。通过这样监测和控制峰值数据速率和平均数据速率，有效地管理每个数据链路的带宽，以最大限度地提高数据吞吐量并最大限度地减少数据单元从数据突发的丢失。还公开了一种用于确定用于建立虚拟电路的数据链路上的容量的可用性的新颖手段，其依赖于通过网络链路的平均数据速率和峰值数据速率表示的概率计算。该信息可通过缓冲器预留机制和令牌池机制来实现，以便于“即时”建立虚拟电路所需的快速计算。还提供了各种实现细节。

3. 发明授权

US4494230A Fast packet switching system 失效
标题翻译：快速分组交换系统
公开(公告)号：US4494230A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US393112
申请日：1982-06-25
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04J6/00
CPC分类号： H04L49/555 , H04L45/00 , H04L49/1507 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/254 , H04L2012/5649 , H04L49/10 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/501
摘要： A communication method and packet switching system in which packets comprising logical addresses and voice/data information are communicated through the system by packet switching networks which are interconnected by high-speed digital trunks with each of the latter being directly terminated on both ends by trunk controllers. During initial call setup of a particular call, central processors associated with each network in the desired route store the necessary logical to physical address information in the controllers which perform all logical to physical address translations on packets of the call. Each network comprises stages of switching nodes which are responsive to the physical address associated with a packet by a controller to communicate this packet to a designated subsequent node. The nodes provide for variable packet buffering, packet address rotation techniques, and intranode and internode signaling protocols. Each packet has a field which is automatically updated by the controllers for accumulating the total time delay incurred by the packet in progressing through the networks. Each processor has the capability of doing fault detection and isolation on the associated network, trunks, and controllers by the transmission of a single test packet. The testing is done solely in response to the test packet and no preconditioning of controllers or networks is necessary.
摘要翻译：一种通信方法和分组交换系统，其中包括逻辑地址和语音/数据信息的分组通过分组交换网络通过系统通过高速数字干线互连的分组交换网络，其中后者每个都由中继控制器在两端直接终止。在特定呼叫的初始呼叫建立过程中，与期望路由中的每个网络相关联的中央处理器在对呼叫的分组执行所有逻辑到物理地址转换的控制器中存储必要的逻辑到物理地址信息。每个网络包括交换节点的阶段，其响应于由控制器与分组相关联的物理地址，以将该分组传送到指定的后续节点。节点提供可变分组缓冲，分组地址旋转技术以及内部节点和节点间信令协议。每个分组具有由控制器自动更新的字段，用于累积在通过网络进行的分组所引起的总时间延迟。每个处理器都能够通过单个测试包的传输在相关联的网络，中继线和控制器上进行故障检测和隔离。测试仅针对测试包进行，并且不需要对控制器或网络进行预处理。

4. 发明授权

US4488289A Interface facility for a packet switching system 失效
标题翻译：分组交换系统的接口设施
公开(公告)号：US4488289A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-11
申请号：US392228
申请日：1982-06-25
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L49/555 , H04L49/1507 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/254 , H04L2012/5649 , H04L49/10 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/501
摘要： A communication method and packet switching system in which packets comprising logical addresses and voice/data information are communicated through the system by packet switching networks which are interconnected by high-speed digital trunks with each of the latter being directly terminated on both ends by trunk controllers. During initial call setup of a particular call, central processors associated with each network in the desired route store the necessary logical to physical address information in the controllers which perform all logical to physical address translations on packets of the call. Each network comprises stages of switching nodes which are responsive to the physical address associated with a packet by a controller to communicate this packet to a designated subsequent node. The nodes provide for variable packet buffering, packet address rotation techniques, and intranode and internode signaling protocols. Each packet has a field which is automatically updated by the controllers for accumulating the total time delay incurred by the packet in progressing through the networks. Each processor has the capability of doing fault detection and isolation on the associated network, trunks, and controllers by the transmission of a single test packet. The testing is done solely in response to the test packet and no preconditioning of controllers or networks is necessary.
摘要翻译：一种通信方法和分组交换系统，其中包括逻辑地址和语音/数据信息的分组通过分组交换网络通过系统通过高速数字干线互连的分组交换网络，其中后者每个都由中继控制器在两端直接终止。在特定呼叫的初始呼叫建立过程中，与期望路由中的每个网络相关联的中央处理器在对呼叫的分组执行所有逻辑到物理地址转换的控制器中存储必要的逻辑到物理地址信息。每个网络包括交换节点的阶段，其响应于由控制器与分组相关联的物理地址，以将该分组传送到指定的后续节点。节点提供可变分组缓冲，分组地址旋转技术以及内部节点和节点间信令协议。每个分组具有由控制器自动更新的字段，用于累积在通过网络进行的分组所引起的总时间延迟。每个处理器都能够通过单个测试包的传输在相关联的网络，中继线和控制器上进行故障检测和隔离。测试仅针对测试包进行，并且不需要对控制器或网络进行预处理。

5. 发明授权

US06735173B1 Method and apparatus for accumulating and distributing data items within a packet switching system 有权
标题翻译：用于在分组交换系统内累积和分发数据项的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06735173B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-11
申请号：US09520688
申请日：2000-03-07
申请人： Daniel E. Lenoski , Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Daniel E. Lenoski , Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04L1226
CPC分类号： H04L47/10 , H04L47/15 , H04L47/33 , H04L47/35
摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for accumulating and distributing information in a packet switching system. For example, it is desirable in certain packet switching systems to communicate the status of internal queues and other port status information from an individual port to all other ports (or at least those which are communicating with the individual port). The amount of information being sent from the individual port is typically very small, such as on the order of a few bits or bytes. By accumulating the information and then broadcasting the collected flow control information, a vast amount of switch fabric resources (e.g., bandwidth) can be saved. In one implementation, flow control information is sent to a destination (e.g., a “mailbox”) within a packet switching fabric which includes a memory in which flow control information is accumulated. After a period of time or based on the occurrence of some event, the accumulated flow control information is distributed. This same mechanism may be used to distribute most any type of information (e.g., flow control information, signaling information, and data internal or external to a packet switch or packet switching system).
摘要翻译：公开了用于在分组交换系统中累积和分发信息的方法和装置。例如，在某些分组交换系统中，期望将内部队列的状态和其他端口状态信息从单个端口传送到所有其他端口（或至少是与各个端口通信的端口）。从单个端口发送的信息量通常非常小，例如几位或几位的数量级。通过累积信息，然后广播收集的流量控制信息，可以节省大量的交换结构资源（例如，带宽）。在一个实现中，将流量控制信息发送到分组交换结构内的目的地（例如，“邮箱”），该分组交换结构包括其中积累有流量控制信息的存储器。经过一段时间后或者基于某些事件的发生，分布了累积的流量控制信息。这种相同的机制可以用于分发大多数任何类型的信息（例如，流控制信息，信令信息，以及分组交换机或分组交换系统的内部或外部的数据）。

6. 发明授权

US06728211B1 Method and apparatus for delaying packets being sent from a component of a packet switching system 有权
标题翻译：用于延迟从分组交换系统的组件发送的分组的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06728211B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US09520685
申请日：2000-03-07
申请人： Vinod Gerard John Peris , Jonathan S. Turner , Zubin D. Dittia , William N. Eatherton
发明人： Vinod Gerard John Peris , Jonathan S. Turner , Zubin D. Dittia , William N. Eatherton
IPC分类号： H04L1226
CPC分类号： H04L47/10 , H04L47/12 , H04L47/26 , H04L47/32 , H04L49/101 , H04L49/20 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/3027
摘要： Methods and apparatus are also disclosed for responding to received flow control messages indicating a previously congested port is now in a non-congested state. Many different components that have packets to send to a particular output will receive an indication that they are now allowed to send these packets at roughly the same time as the other components. If all components start sending at the same time, then the packet switch might become congested, possibly very quickly. If the packet switch cannot respond and transmit flow control messages to all of these sources fast enough, certain internal buffers could overflow and thus packets might be lost. On implementation causes components to start sending to the destination at varying times to gradually increase the traffic being sent to the destination. In this manner, the traffic in the packet switch gradually rises which allows buffers within the packet switch to drain while new traffic is arriving, and allows the packet switch time to react and throttle-back the traffic in a reasonable manner should paths leading to the output become congested.
摘要翻译：还公开了用于响应指示先前拥塞的端口现在处于非拥塞状态的接收的流控制消息的方法和装置。具有发送到特定输出的数据包的许多不同组件将接收到它们现在允许与其他组件大致相同的时间发送这些数据包的指示。如果所有组件同时开始发送，则分组交换机可能会变得拥塞，可能非常快。如果分组交换机不能快速响应并向所有这些源发送流量控制消息，某些内部缓冲区可能会溢出，从而数据包可能丢失。在实施时，组件可以在不同的时间开始发送到目的地，以逐渐增加发送到目的地的流量。以这种方式，分组交换机中的业务量逐渐上升，这允许分组交换机内的缓冲区在新的业务到达时消失，并且允许分组交换时间以合理的方式作出反应并节省流量，如果通向输出变得拥塞。

7. 发明授权

US06674721B1 Method and apparatus for scheduling packets being sent from a component of a packet switching system 有权
标题翻译：用于调度从分组交换系统的组件发送的分组的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06674721B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US09519721
申请日：2000-03-07
申请人： Zubin D. Dittia , Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Zubin D. Dittia , Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04L1256
CPC分类号： H04L47/2433 , H04L47/12 , H04L47/50
摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for determining the order to send information arriving at the inputs of a packet switching system. A line card maintains its own data structure indicating flow control information and a queue for each destination it is sending data with its memory. Control logic then controls the placing of the incoming data into these queues and for taking the data out of the queues and sending the data, typically in the form of packets, to the packet switch. As information arrives at a line card, priority outgoing packet time slots are allocated for that destination. In this manner, each destination is given the opportunity to send information at its arrival rate. In the remaining bandwidth or packet cycles available on the outgoing link, the destination queues containing information retained due to a congestion condition are serviced.
摘要翻译：公开了用于确定发送到分组交换系统的输入端的信息的顺序的方法和装置。线卡维护其自身的数据结构，指示流控制信息，并且每个目的地的队列与其存储器一起发送数据。然后，控制逻辑控制将输入数据放置到这些队列中并将数据从队列中取出并将数据通常以数据包的形式发送到分组交换机。当信息到达线路卡时，为该目的地分配优先输出分组时隙。以这种方式，每个目的地都有机会以其到达率发送信息。在出站链路上可用的剩余带宽或分组周期中，维护包含由于拥塞状况而保留的信息的目的地队列。

8. 发明授权

US4484326A Packet load monitoring by trunk controllers 失效
标题翻译：中继控制器进行数据包负载监控
公开(公告)号：US4484326A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-20
申请号：US439079
申请日：1982-11-04
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： H04Q11/04 , H04L12/26 , H04L12/56 , H04J3/14 , H04M3/22
CPC分类号： H04L12/5602 , H04L12/2602 , H04L43/00 , H04L2012/5636 , H04L43/0847 , H04L43/106 , H04L43/16
摘要： A trunk controller and processor arrangement for monitoring packet traffic from a high speed trunk through a packet switching network. Within a packet switching system, packets comprising logical addresses and voice/data information are communicated through the system by packet switching networks which are interconnected by high speed digital trunks with each of the latter being directly terminated on both ends by trunk controllers. During initial call setup of a particular call, central processors associated with each network in the desired route store the necessary logical to physical address information in the controllers which perform all logical to physical address translations on subsequent packets of the call. Each network comprises stages of switching nodes which are responsive to the physical address associated with a packet by a controller to communicate that packet to a designated subsequent node. Each trunk controller has a traffic monitoring circuit for measuring the amount of traffic occurring on the attached trunk. The monitoring circuit notifies the associated processor via the network when traffic excursions increases or decreases in excess of a multitude of predetermined percentages of load. At initialization time and as required during system operation, the processor determines the predetermined percentages of load which are the standards utilized by the trunk controller.
摘要翻译：一种用于监视来自高速中继线通过分组交换网络的分组业务的中继控制器和处理器装置。在分组交换系统中，包含逻辑地址和语音/数据信息的分组通过分组交换网络通过分组交换网络进行通信，分组交换网络由高速数字中继线互连，后者由中继控制器在两端直接终止。在特定呼叫的初始呼叫建立期间，与期望路由中的每个网络相关联的中央处理器将对呼叫的后续分组执行所有逻辑到物理地址转换的控制器中的物理地址信息存储到必要的逻辑。每个网络包括交换节点的阶段，其响应于由控制器与分组相关联的物理地址，以将该分组传送到指定的后续节点。每个中继控制器具有用于测量在所连接的中继线上发生的业务量的交通监控电路。当交通偏差增加或减少超过多个预定的负载百分比时，监控电路经由网络通知相关联的处理器。在初始化时间和系统操作期间，处理器确定作为中继控制器使用的标准的负载的预定百分比。

9. 发明授权

US07106693B1 Method and apparatus for pacing the flow of information sent from a device 有权
标题翻译：用于对从设备发送的信息流进行起搏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07106693B1
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US09705395
申请日：2000-11-02
申请人： Jonathan S. Turner , Jerome R. Cox
发明人： Jonathan S. Turner , Jerome R. Cox
IPC分类号： H04J1/16 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/66
CPC分类号： H04L47/568 , H04L47/50
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for pacing the rate at which packets of one or more information streams are sent from a device, such as, for example, a workstation, computer, communications mechanism, or component thereof. Typically, multiple timing wheels each having a different timing granularity are used to schedule the transmission of packets of information corresponding the to the information streams. Using multiple timing wheels in this manner allows scheduling of a larger range of rates while typically using a significantly smaller amount of memory than a single timing wheel covering the same range of rates. An entry, corresponding to a next portion of an information stream to be sent from the device, is inserted into the timing wheels at a target time for sending the information. At the target time, the entry is removed and placed in a transmit list of items to be sent from the device. In one implementation a single transmit list is used for all timing wheels. In another implementation, multiple transmit lists are used, typically one for each timing wheel. Entries corresponding to portions of the information streams to be sent from the device are removed in a queued or target transmission time order from a transmit list. A packet of information corresponding to a removed entry is sent, and the entry itself is re-inserted in a timing wheel for the determined next transmission target time.
摘要翻译：公开了用于对从一个设备（例如工作站，计算机，通信机构或其组件）发送一个或多个信息流的分组的速率进行起搏的方法和装置。通常，使用具有不同定时粒度的多个定时轮来调度与信息流相对应的信息分组的传输。以这种方式使用多个定时轮允许调度更大的速率范围，而通常使用比覆盖相同的速率范围的单个定时轮显着更小的存储量。对应于要从设备发送的信息流的下一部分的条目在用于发送信息的目标时间被插入到定时轮中。在目标时间，条目被删除并放置在要从设备发送的项目的发送列表中。在一个实施例中，单个传输列表用于所有定时轮。在另一实现中，使用多个发射列表，通常每个定时轮一个。从发送列表以排队或目标传输时间顺序去除与要从设备发送的信息流的部分相对应的条目。发送与去除的条目相对应的信息的分组，并且将条目本身重新插入到确定的下一个发送目标时间的定时轮中。

10. 发明授权

US06990063B1 Distributing fault indications and maintaining and using a data structure indicating faults to route traffic in a packet switching system 失效
标题翻译：分发故障指示，维护和使用指示故障的数据结构，在分组交换系统中路由流量
公开(公告)号：US06990063B1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-24
申请号：US09519282
申请日：2000-03-07
申请人： Daniel E. Lenoski , William N. Eatherton , John Andrew Fingerhut , Jonathan S. Turner
发明人： Daniel E. Lenoski , William N. Eatherton , John Andrew Fingerhut , Jonathan S. Turner
IPC分类号： G01R31/08 , H04Q11/00
CPC分类号： H04Q3/68 , H04L49/1523 , H04L49/55
摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for distributing fault indications and maintaining and using a data structure indicating faults to route traffic in a packet switching system. In one embodiment, a packet switching system detects faults and propagates indications of these faults to the input interfaces of a packet switch, so the packet switch can adapt the selection of a route over which to send a particular packet. Faults are identified by various components of the packet switching system and relayed to one or more switching components to generate a broadcast packet destined for all input ports (i.e., to each I/O interface in a packet switch having folded input and output interfaces). Other embodiments, generate one or more multicast or unicast packets. The I/O interface maintains one or more data structures indicating the state of various portions of the packet switching system. In one embodiment, an output availability table is maintained indicating over which path a particular destination may be reached, as well as a link availability vector indicating which output likes of the input interface may be currently used. Using these as masks against possible routes in a fully functional system, the packet switching component (e.g., I/O interface) can identify which routes are currently available for reaching the destination of the received packet. These routes can then be selected between using one of numerous deterministic and non-deterministic methods.
摘要翻译：公开了用于分发故障指示和维护和使用指示故障的数据结构以在分组交换系统中路由业务的方法和装置。在一个实施例中，分组交换系统检测故障并将这些故障的指示传播到分组交换机的输入接口，因此分组交换机可以适应对其发送特定分组的路由的选择。故障由分组交换系统的各种组件识别，并被中继到一个或多个交换组件以产生目的地为所有输入端口（即，具有折叠的输入和输出接口的分组交换机中的每个I / O接口）的广播分组。其他实施例，生成一个或多个多播或单播分组。 I / O接口保持指示分组交换系统的各个部分的状态的一个或多个数据结构。在一个实施例中，保持输出可用性表，指示可以到达特定目的地的哪个路径，以及指示可能当前使用输入接口的哪个输出像的链路可用性向量。使用这些作为针对全功能系统中的可能路由的掩码，分组交换组件（例如，I / O接口）可以识别当前可用于到达所接收分组的目的地的哪些路由。然后可以使用许多确定性和非确定性方法之一来选择这些路线。

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