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    • 1. 发明申请
    • APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CLUSTERING MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT PCI EXPRESS HIERARCHIES
    • 用于聚集多个独立PCI表达分层的装置和方法
    • US20080209099A1
    • 2008-08-28
    • US11680366
    • 2007-02-28
    • John R. KloeppnerDennis E. GatesRobert E. StubbsMohamad H. El-BatalRussell J. HenryCharles E. Nichols
    • John R. KloeppnerDennis E. GatesRobert E. StubbsMohamad H. El-BatalRussell J. HenryCharles E. Nichols
    • G06F13/36
    • G06F13/4022
    • Apparatus, systems and methods for clustering multiple PCI Express hierarchies to enable access of components in different hierarchies. Each PCI Express hierarchy includes a root device as well as a cluster port for coupling each hierarchy to each other hierarchy of a physical cluster through a PCI Express switched fabric. Memory addresses and transaction IDs are re-mapped by the cluster port of each hierarchy to partition the PCI Express space of the system of multiple hierarchies. A first portion of the partitioned space is reserved for access to local components within a hierarchy. A second portion of the space is used to access remote components of other hierarchies from within a different first hierarchy. The address and transaction ID values exchanged in such remote transactions are re-mapped and used by the cluster port of each hierarchy to route exchanges between hierarchies using standard PCIe root devices, endpoint devices, and switches.
    • 用于聚类多个PCI Express层次结构的装置,系统和方法,以使得能够访问不同层次的组件。 每个PCI Express层次结构包括根设备以及通过PCI Express交换结构将每个层次结构耦合到物理集群的每个其他层次结构的集群端口。 内存地址和事务ID由每个层次结构的群集端口重新映射,以分区多层次系统的PCI Express空间。 保留分区空间的第一部分用于访问层次结构中的本地组件。 空间的第二部分用于从不同的第一层次结构中访问其他层次结构的远程组件。 在这种远程事务中交换的地址和事务ID值被每个层次结构的集群端口重新映射和使用,以使用标准PCIe根设备,端点设备和交换机在层次结构之间路由交换。
    • 5. 发明申请
    • METHODS AND STRUCTURE FOR AN IMPROVED SOLID-STATE DRIVE FOR USE IN CACHING APPLICATIONS
    • 改进的固态驱动器在缓存应用中的使用方法和结构
    • US20130205065A1
    • 2013-08-08
    • US13365050
    • 2012-02-02
    • John R. KloeppnerMohamad H. El-Batal
    • John R. KloeppnerMohamad H. El-Batal
    • G06F12/00
    • G06F12/0868G06F2212/214G11C5/144
    • Methods and structure for an improved solid-state drive (SSD) for use in caching applications. An improved SSD comprises both volatile and non-volatile memory. The volatile memory provides improved performance as compared to present SSDs for use in caching application. The improved SSD senses impending failure of external power applied to the SSD and, while adequate power remains, copies cached data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory to retain the data through the power loss. In some embodiments, a local power source may be present to assure sufficient time for the SSD to save cached data in the non-volatile memory. Since the volatile memory (e.g., DRAM) is used for the primary caching function and the non-volatile memory is rarely used, performance, reliability and cost goals are achieved for write cache applications.
    • 用于缓存应用程序的改进固态驱动器(SSD)的方法和结构。 改进的SSD包括易失性和非易失性存储器。 与用于缓存应用程序的现有SSD相比,易失性存储器提供了改进的性能。 改进的SSD感测到施加到SSD的外部电源即将发生的故障,并且在足够的功率保持的情况下,将缓存的数据从易失性存储器复制到非易失性存储器以通过功率损耗来保留数据。 在一些实施例中,可以存在本地电源以确保足够的时间来使SSD将缓存的数据保存在非易失性存储器中。 由于易失性存储器(例如,DRAM)用于初级高速缓存功能,并且非易失性存储器很少被使用,所以为写入高速缓存应用实现了性能,可靠性和成本目标。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Posted memory write verification
    • 发布内存写验证
    • US07676617B2
    • 2010-03-09
    • US12059449
    • 2008-03-31
    • John R. Kloeppner
    • John R. Kloeppner
    • G06F13/42G06F11/00
    • G06F13/4243
    • A method for verifying the proper communication of data packets from an initiator device on a PCIe data bus to a target device on the data bus. A target-specific counter on the initiator is synchronized to an initiator-specific counter on the target with the same value. The initiator writes the value of the target-specific counter into the tag field of the packet header, and also writes an identifier of the initiator into the header. Then the initiator sends the packet to the target on the PCIe data bus. Upon receipt of the packet, the target reads the identifier and checks the value against the appropriate initiator-specific counter on the target. When the value is not equal to the initiator-specific counter on the target, then it generates an error message. An additional memory write with specific data is posted from the initiator to the target. A memory read is posted of the additional memory write location from the initiator to the target. The operation of the initiator is continued when a good status and data matching the additional write data is returned from the target, and operation is halted when an error status is returned or data that does not match the additional write data.
    • 一种用于验证数据分组从PCIe数据总线上的发起者设备到数据总线上的目标设备的正确通信的方法。 启动器上的目标特定计数器与目标上具有相同值的启动器专用计数器同步。 启动器将目标特定计数器的值写入分组报头的标签字段,并将启动器的标识符写入报头。 然后,启动器将数据包发送到PCIe数据总线上的目标。 在接收到数据包后,目标读取标识符,并根据目标上适当的启动器特定计数器检查该值。 当该值不等于目标上的启动器特定计数器时,它会生成错误消息。 具有特定数据的附加存储器写入从发起者发布到目标。 将附加存储器写入位置从启动器发布到目标的存储器读取。 当从目标返回匹配附加写入数据的良好状态和数据时,持续启动器的操作,并且当返回错误状态或与附加写入数据不匹配的数据时停止操作。