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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Gas refrigeration method and apparatus
    • 气体制冷方法及装置
    • US4638639A
    • 1987-01-27
    • US758001
    • 1985-07-23
    • John MarshallJohn D. Oakey
    • John MarshallJohn D. Oakey
    • F25J1/00F25B9/10F25J1/02
    • F25J1/004F25J1/0015F25J1/0022F25J1/0037F25J1/0045F25J1/0072F25J1/0208F25J2270/06F25J2270/90F25J2290/10
    • A method of liquefying a permanent gas stream, includes the steps of reducing the temperature of the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure to below its critical pressure and performing at least two working fluid cycles to provide at least part of the refrigeration necessary to reduce the temperature of the permanent gas to below its critical temperature. Each working fluid cycle comprises work-expanding the cooled working fluid in countercurrent heat exchange with the permanent gas stream and with the working fluid being cooled, refrigeration thereby being provided for the permanent gas stream. In at least one working fluid cycle, work-expanded working fluid is brought into countercurrent heat exchange relationship with the permanent gas stream at a temperature below the critical temperature of the permanent gas and in the or each such cycle on completion of the work expansion the working fluid is at a pressure of at least 10 atmospheres.
    • 一种液化永久性气体流的方法包括以下步骤:将永久气体流在升高的压力下降低至其临界压力以下,并执行至少两个工作流体循环以提供必要的至少一部分制冷以降低温度 的永久气体低于其临界温度。 每个工作流体循环包括使冷却的工作流体与永久气流逆流热交换并且工作流体被冷却的工作膨胀,由此为永久气流提供制冷。 在至少一个工作流体循环中,工作膨胀的工作流体在低于永久气体的临界温度的温度下与永久性气体流形成逆流热交换关系,并且在工作膨胀完成时或每个这样的循环中 工作流体处于至少10个大气压的压力。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Refrigeration method and apparatus
    • 制冷方法及装置
    • US4638638A
    • 1987-01-27
    • US758000
    • 1985-07-23
    • John MarshallJohn D. Oakey
    • John MarshallJohn D. Oakey
    • F25J1/00F25B9/10F25J1/02
    • F25J1/0208F25J1/0015F25J1/0022F25J1/004F25J1/0045F25J2270/06F25J2270/90
    • A method of liquefying a permanent gas stream includes the step of reducing the temperature of the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure to below its critical temperature. The reduction in temperature is effected at least in part by countercurrent heat exchange with work expanded working fluid, at least some of which is at a temperature below the critical temperature of the permanent gas when it is brought into heat exchange relationship with the permanent gas stream. The permanent gas stream after being cooled to below its critical temperature is then subjected to at least three successive isenthalpic expansions. Resulting flash gas is separated from the resulting liquid. At least some of the flash gas is heat exchanged with the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure.
    • 液化永久性气流的方法包括将升高的压力下的永久气体流的温度降低到其临界温度以下的步骤。 至少部分地通过与工作膨胀的工作流体进行逆流热交换来实现温度的降低,当工作膨胀的工作流体与永久气流成热交换关系时,其至少一些温度低于永久气体的临界温度 。 然后将冷却至其临界温度之后的永久气流经历至少三次连续的等焓膨胀。 产生的闪蒸气体与所得液体分离。 至少一些闪蒸气体在升高的压力下与永久气流热交换。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • APPLICATION OF ENERGY IN MEDICAL TREATMENTS
    • 能源在医疗治疗中的应用
    • US20130190737A1
    • 2013-07-25
    • US13738675
    • 2013-01-10
    • David MullerJohn Marshall
    • David MullerJohn Marshall
    • A61F9/007
    • A61F9/0079A61F9/00736A61F9/008A61F2009/0087A61F2009/00887A61N5/062A61N2005/0661
    • Embodiments apply light energy in medical treatments. To enhance or control the effect of the light energy, embodiments apply the light energy after tissue has been treated, e.g., with a photosensitizing agent. For example, embodiments may treat target tissue with riboflavin before exposure to ultraviolet light. For example, a system for cataract surgery includes a removal system configured to remove a first lens from an eye, wherein a capsular bag remains in the eye after removal of the first lens. The system includes an application system configured to treat lenticular epithelial cells in the capsular bag with the photosensitizing agent. The system includes a delivery system with a light source and an optical device. The optical device delivers light to the treated lenticular epithelial cells. Energy from the light destroys the lenticular epithelial cells in the capsular bag to reduce the growth of epithelial cells that cause posterior capsule opacification.
    • 实施例在光疗中应用光能。 为了增强或控制光能的效果,实施例在组织被处理后例如用光敏剂施加光能。 例如,实施方案可以在暴露于紫外线之前用核黄素治疗靶组织。 例如,用于白内障手术的系统包括被配置为从眼睛去除第一透镜的去除系统,其中在移除第一透镜之后,囊袋保留在眼睛中。 该系统包括被配置成用光敏剂治疗囊袋中的透镜上皮细胞的应用系统。 该系统包括具有光源和光学装置的传送系统。 光学器件将光递送到经处理的透镜上皮细胞。 来自光的能量破坏囊袋中的透镜上皮细胞以减少导致后囊不透明的上皮细胞的生长。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Method for making structural changes in corneal fibrils
    • 角膜原纤维结构变化的方法
    • US08366689B2
    • 2013-02-05
    • US12570959
    • 2009-09-30
    • John MarshallAli HusseinDavid Muller
    • John MarshallAli HusseinDavid Muller
    • A61M35/00A61B18/18
    • A61F9/008A61F9/0079A61F9/009A61F2009/00853A61F2009/00872
    • In a system for stabilizing a pattern of structural changes in corneal fibrils, an eye treatment system causes corneal fibrils of a cornea of an eye to transition from a first structure to a second structure. An application device applies a cross-linking element to the corneal fibrils. An activating device applies an initiating element to the corneal fibrils and activates the cross-linking element. The cross-linking element causes cross-linking in the corneal fibrils to preserve the second structure of the corneal fibrils. Another application device may apply a cross-linking breaker to the corneal fibrils. The cross-linking breaker halts or reverses at least partially the cross-linking in the corneal fibrils. Another activating device applies an initiating element to the corneal fibrils and activates the cross-linking breaker. Advantageously, the cross-linking breaker provides greater control over the amount and progress of cross-linking that occurs in the corneal fibrils.
    • 在用于稳定角膜原纤维结构变化的模式的系统中,眼睛治疗系统使眼睛角膜的角膜原纤维从第一结构转变到第二结构。 应用装置将交联元件应用于角膜原纤维。 激活装置将起始元件施加到角膜原纤维并激活交联元件。 交联元件引起角膜原纤维中的交联以保留角膜原纤维的第二结构。 另一应用装置可以将交联断路器应用于角膜原纤维。 交联断路器至少部分地停止或逆转角膜原纤维中的交联。 另一激活装置将起始元件施加到角膜原纤维并激活交联断路器。 有利地,交联断路器对角膜原纤维中发生的交联的量和进展提供更大的控制。