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1. 发明授权

US5981445A Process of making fine ceramic powders from aqueous suspensions 失效
标题翻译：从水性悬浮液制备精细陶瓷粉末的工艺
公开(公告)号：US5981445A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US668422
申请日：1996-06-17
申请人： Jitka Kirchnerova , Danilo Klvana
发明人： Jitka Kirchnerova , Danilo Klvana
IPC分类号： B01J23/00 , B01J37/32 , C01B13/14 , C01G3/00 , C01G37/00 , C01G53/00 , C04B35/45 , C04B35/50 , H01L39/00 , C01F17/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/50 , B01J23/002 , B01J37/32 , C01B13/14 , C01G3/006 , C01G37/006 , C01G51/68 , C04B35/4508 , B01J2523/00 , C01P2002/34 , C01P2002/54 , C01P2002/72 , C01P2002/88 , C01P2006/12 , C01P2006/60 , Y10S977/776
摘要： The new preparation process for making fine high specific surface ceramic powders suitable as catalysts or precursors for ceramics uses lanthanum (or other rare earth lanthanide) oxide as one of the precursors. The oxide is mixed with water to form a liquid slurry, whereby it is transformed to the hydroxide by reaction with water. The resulting hydroxide slurry, which can be milled to reduce the particle size and to speed up the reaction, is then combined, while stirring vigorously to assure homogenous mixing, with a solution of required amount of remaining metal nitrate precursors, for example strontium and cobalt nitrates. The reaction between lanthanum hydroxide and transition metal nitrates produces a colored (color depending on the transition metal) slurry consisting of metal hydroxides suspended in aqueous nitrate solution with pH>2. This perovskite precursor slurry is spray-frozen and freeze dried. The freeze-dried material is transformed to perovskite by slow controlled calcination at temperatures above 550.degree. C. For example calcination 12 h at 585.degree. C. and subsequently 4 h at 620.degree. C. produces nearly phase pure perovskite having specific surface area of >10 m.sup.2 /g, depending on the composition. The perovskite precursor slurry can alternatively be processed first by spray-drying (instead of spray-freezing/freeze-drying) and subsequent calcination.
摘要翻译：用于制备适合作为陶瓷或催化剂前体的精细高比表面陶瓷粉末的新制备方法使用镧（或其它稀土镧系元素）氧化物作为前体之一。将氧化物与水混合以形成液体浆料，由此通过与水反应将其转化为氢氧化物。然后将所得氢氧化物淤浆（其可以研磨以减小粒度和加速反应）合并，同时剧烈搅拌以确保均匀混合，与所需量的剩余的金属硝酸盐前体（例如锶和钴）的溶液硝酸盐氢氧化镧和过渡金属硝酸盐之间的反应产生悬浮在pH> 2的硝酸盐水溶液中的金属氢氧化物组成的着色（颜色取决于过渡金属）浆料。将该钙钛矿前体浆液喷雾冷冻并冷冻干燥。通过在高于550℃的温度下缓慢控制煅烧将冷冻干燥的材料转化为钙钛矿。例如在585℃下煅烧12小时，随后在620℃煅烧4小时，产生几乎相纯的钙钛矿，比表面积> 10 m2 / g，取决于组成。另外可以通过喷雾干燥（代替喷雾冷冻/冷冻干燥）和随后的煅烧来首先处理钙钛矿前体浆料。

2. 发明授权

US5941697A Process and apparatus for gas phase exothermic reactions 失效
标题翻译：气相放热反应的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5941697A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-24
申请号：US763447
申请日：1996-12-11
申请人： Jamai Chaouki , Hristo Sapoundjiev , Christophe Guy , Danilo Klvana , Kebir Ratnani
发明人： Jamai Chaouki , Hristo Sapoundjiev , Christophe Guy , Danilo Klvana , Kebir Ratnani
IPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23G7/06 , F23G7/07 , F23G5/46
CPC分类号： F23G7/07 , F23C13/00 , F23C13/08 , F23G7/068
摘要： The gas phase exothermic reaction of a feed gas mixture is carried out by providing first and second chambers in fluid communication with one another and each containing a bed of solid heat exchange material and at least one bed of catalyst material, each chamber being selectively operable in cooling and heating modes. The feed gas mixture is introduced into a selected one of the chambers when the selected chamber is in the cooling mode and the other chamber is in the heating mode so that the feed gas mixture flowing through the selected chamber contacts the bed of heat exchange material before contacting the bed of catalyst material, the feed gas mixture being reacted in the catalyst bed to form a gaseous product. The gaseous product is conducted from the selected chamber to the other chamber so that the gaseous product flowing through the other chamber contacts the bed of catalyst material before contacting the bed of heat exchange material. The direction of gas flow through the chambers is periodically reversed so that the first and second chambers alternately operate in the cooling and heating modes, thereby forming between the first and second chambers a hot zone containing the gaseous products. A portion of the gaseous product is discharged from the hot zone so as to withdraw sufficient heat to maintain the reaction in the catalyst bed of the selected chamber at a temperature below a predetermined maximum temperature, while maintaining autothermicity.
摘要翻译：进料气体混合物的气相放热反应通过提供彼此流体连通的第一和第二室来进行，每个室包含固体热交换材料床和至少一个催化剂材料床，每个室可选择性地在冷却和加热模式。当所选择的腔室处于冷却模式并且另一个腔室处于加热模式时，将进料气体混合物引入选定的一个腔室中，使得流过选定腔室的进料气体混合物接触热交换材料床使催化剂材料床接触，进料气体混合物在催化剂床中反应形成气态产物。气体产物从所选择的室传导到另一个室，使得流过另一室的气体产物在接触热交换材料床之前接触催化剂材料床。气体流过腔室的方向周期性地反转，使得第一和第二腔室以冷却和加热模式交替操作，从而在第一和第二腔室之间形成含有气态产物的热区。气态产物的一部分从热区排出，以便在保持自热的同时取出足够的热量以将选定室的催化剂床中的反应保持在低于预定最大温度的温度。

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