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1. 发明授权

US4959153A Process of removing ions from solutions by forming a complex with a sulfur containing hydrocarbon covalently bonded to silica 失效
标题翻译：通过与共价键合到二氧化硅的含硫烃形成络合物从溶液中除去离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US4959153A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-25
申请号：US218156
申请日：1988-07-13
申请人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Byron J. Tarbet , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Ronald L. Bruening , Reed M. Izatt
发明人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Byron J. Tarbet , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Ronald L. Bruening , Reed M. Izatt
IPC分类号： B01J20/286 , B01J20/22 , B01J20/283 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , C07F7/18 , G01N30/88
CPC分类号： C07F7/1836 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3219 , B01J20/3251 , B01J20/3257 , B01J20/3259
摘要： The invention has compositions of matter and process aspects.The compositions of matter aspect relate to two classes of new organic compounds, viz., A. intermediates which are sulfur-containing hydrocarbons covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane and B. that class of intermediates covalently bonded to silica, e.g., sand and silica gel.The process aspect comprises two processes, viz., (1) A process for making the two new classes of compounds A and B, and (2) the process of removing and concentrating certain ions, such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solutions thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound of class B, e.g., by flowing the solution through a chromatography column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g., by flowing a receiving liquid through the column in much smaller amount than the amount of solution passed through it to remove and concentrate the desired ion(s) in solution in the receiving liquid and recovering the desired ion(s) from the receiving liquid.

2. 发明授权

US4952321A Process of removing and concentrating desired ions from solutions 失效
标题翻译：从溶液中去除和浓缩所需离子的过程
公开(公告)号：US4952321A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-28
申请号：US255353
申请日：1988-10-07
申请人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Maria Bochenska , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Bryon J. Tarbet , Ronald L. Bruening , Reed M. Izatt
发明人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Maria Bochenska , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Bryon J. Tarbet , Ronald L. Bruening , Reed M. Izatt
IPC分类号： C09K3/00 , B01D15/00 , B01J20/26 , B01J20/286 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , G01N30/88
CPC分类号： B01D15/00 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3219 , B01J20/3259 , B01J45/00
摘要： The process of the invention comprises removing and concentrating certain ions, such as the transition metal ions, from solutions thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound ##STR1## B and D are each a radical selected from the group of N(R.sup.3), N(R.sup.3)CH.sub.2, O, OCH.sub.2, S and SCH.sub.2, but B or D must be N(R.sup.3) or N(R.sup.3)CH.sub.2 ; E is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, NH(R.sup.3), SH, OH, lower alkyl, and Y and Z are radicals selected from the group of Cl, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, methyl, ethyl and halogenated substituents thereof, and O-matrix; R.sup.1 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, SH, OH, lower alkyl and aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl and pyridyl; R.sup.2 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H or lower alkyl; R.sup.3 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl and aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl and pyridyl; a=2 to about 10; b=1; c=1 to about 2000; d=0 to about 2000.where matrix is selected from the group consisting of sand, silica gel, glass, glass fibers, alumina, nickel oxide, zirconia, or titaniae.g., by flowing the solution through a chromatography column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g., by flowing a receiving liquid through the column in much smaller amount than the amount of solution passed through it to remove and concentrate the desired ion(s) in solution in the receiving liquid and recovering the desired ion(s) from the receiving liquid. The concentrated ions can then be analyzed or recovered using well known procedures.

3. 发明授权

US5182251A Aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligands attached to solid supports for removal of metal ions 失效
公开(公告)号：US5182251A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-26
申请号：US774547
申请日：1991-10-10
申请人： Ronald L. Bruening , Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak
发明人： Ronald L. Bruening , Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak
IPC分类号： C02F1/42 , B01J20/22 , B01J20/32 , B01J39/12 , B01J45/00 , C01B25/16 , C01F7/02 , C01G25/00 , C01G30/00 , C07F9/38
CPC分类号： B01J20/3259 , B01J39/12 , B01J45/00 , C07F9/3808
摘要： A method for the removal and concentration of desired ions such as Sb.sup.3+, Zr.sup.4+, Zn.sup.2+, Pu.sup.4+, Hf.sup.4+, Cu.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, Cd.sup.2+, Ag.sup.+, and Hg.sup.2+ from a multiple ion source solution which may contain larger concentrations of other undesired ions including H.sup.+ comprises bringing the source solution into contact with a compound comprising an aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand covalently bonded through an organic spacer silicon grouping to a solid inorganic support. The aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand portion(s) of the compound has an affinity for the desired ions to form a complex thereby removing the desired ions from the source solution. The desired ions are removed from the compound by contacting the compound with a much smaller volume of a receiving solution having a greater affinity for the desired ions than does the aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand portion of the compound. The process is useful in removing desired or unwanted ions of Sb(III) from acidic waste streams, streams containing concentrated Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I), and also the removal of Zr(IV), Pu(IV) and Hf(IV) from nitric acid solutions containing large amounts of other ions as well removal of unwanted ions from other industrial or environmental streams.

4. 发明授权

US5078978A Pyridine-containing alkoxysilanes bonded to inorganic supports and processes of using the same for removing and concentrating desired ions from solutions 失效
标题翻译：含有吲哚的烷氧基硅烷与无机支持物结合使用，同时也解决了从解决方案中去除和浓缩所需离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US5078978A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-07
申请号：US432199
申请日：1989-11-06
申请人： Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Reed M. Izatt , Ronald L. Bruening
发明人： Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Reed M. Izatt , Ronald L. Bruening
IPC分类号： B01J20/286 , B01J20/22 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , C07F7/12 , C07F7/18 , G01N30/88
CPC分类号： B01J45/00 , B01J20/103 , B01J20/3092 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3217 , B01J20/3219 , B01J20/3257 , B01J20/3259 , B01J20/3263 , C07F7/12 , C07F7/1836 , B01J2220/58 , Y10S210/912 , Y10S210/913 , Y10S210/914
摘要： A method is disclosed for the quantitative removal and concentration of desired transition metal ions from a source solution which may contain larger concentrations of other metal and H.sup.+ ions. The method comprises bringing the source solution into contact with a compound comprising a pyridine containing ligand covalently bonded through an organic spacer silicon grouping to a solid inorganic support. The pyridine portion(s) of the compound has an affinity for the desired metal ions to form a complex thereby removing the desired metal ions from the source solution. The desired metal ions are removed from the compound by contacting the compound with a much smaller volume of a receiving solution having a greater affinity for the desired metal ions than does the pyridine ligand portion of the compound. The concentrated metal ions thus removed may be recovered by known methods. The process is useful in removing unwanted metal ions from water streams and in the treatment of waste streams such as those containing metal ions from emulsions found in the treatment of photographic and x-ray films. The invention is also drawn to novel intermediates comprising pyridine containing ligands covalently bonded through a spacer grouping to a silane and to the final compounds formed by reacting the intermediates with a hydrophilic inorganic solid support material.

5. 发明授权

US6071416A Poly N-cyclic aromatic ligands bonded to solid supports for removing and concentrating ions from solutions 失效
标题翻译：结合到固体支持物上的聚N-环芳族配体用于从溶液中除去和浓缩离子
公开(公告)号：US6071416A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-06
申请号：US202731
申请日：1998-12-14
申请人： Ronald L. Bruening , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Reed M. Izatt , Jerald S. Bradshaw
发明人： Ronald L. Bruening , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak , Reed M. Izatt , Jerald S. Bradshaw
IPC分类号： B01D15/04 , B01D15/00 , B01D15/08 , B01J20/22 , B01J20/26 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , B01J49/00 , C02F1/42 , C08F8/30
CPC分类号： B01J20/3219 , B01D15/00 , B01J20/286 , B01J20/289 , B01J20/3092 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/321 , B01J20/3217 , B01J20/3246 , B01J20/3255 , B01J20/3257 , B01J20/3259 , B01J20/3261 , B01J20/3263 , B01J45/00 , B01J2220/54 , B01J2220/58
摘要： A method and composition for the concentration and removal of desired metal ions from a source solution by contacting the solution with an N-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing ligand covalently bonded to a solid support through a hydrophilic spacer of the formula SS--A--X--(L).sub.n where SS is a solid support, A is covalent linkage mechanism, X is a hydrophilic spacer grouping, L is an N-cyclic aromatic containing ligand group and n is an integer of 1 to 6. X or L combined will not contain more than two amine nitrogen atoms. There will preferably be at least four N-cyclic groups present of which pyridine, pyrimidine, pyraxine, imidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, pyridopyridine, phenanthroline are representative. The desired ions in the source solution are bound to the ligands and are subsequently separated by contacting the ligand containing compound with a smaller volume of a receiving solution that removes the bound ions for recovery in concentrated form in the smaller volume of the receiving solution.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US97 / 11054 Sec。 371 1998年12月14日第 102（e）1998年12月14日日期PCT 1997年6月24日PCT公布。公开号WO97 / 49492 日期1997年12月31日一种用于通过使溶液与通过式SS的亲水间隔基共价结合到固体支持物上的N-环状含芳族烃的配体接触来从源溶液中浓缩和除去所需金属离子的方法和组合物 -AX-（L）n其中SS是固体支持物，A是共价连接机理，X是亲水间隔基团，L是含有N环芳族的配体基团，n是1至6的整数。X或L 组合不会含有多于两个胺氮原子。优选存在至少四个存在的吡啶，嘧啶，吡咯啉，咪唑，喹啉，异喹啉，萘啶，吡啶并吡啶，菲咯啉等的N-环基。源溶液中所需的离子与配体结合，随后通过使含配体的化合物与较小体积的接收溶液接触来分离，该接收溶液在较小体积的接收溶液中除去结合的离子以浓缩形式回收。

6. 发明授权

US5071819A Sulfur and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons and process of using same in recovering and concentrating desired ions from solutions thereof 失效
标题翻译：含硫和含氮的烃类及其回收和浓缩所用离子的方法使用相同的方法
公开(公告)号：US5071819A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-10
申请号：US236763
申请日：1988-08-26
申请人： Byron J. Tarbet , Ronald L. Bruening , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt
发明人： Byron J. Tarbet , Ronald L. Bruening , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt
IPC分类号： C01G3/00 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , C01G7/00 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： B01J45/00 , B01J20/3092 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3217 , B01J20/3219 , B01J20/3257 , B01J20/3259 , B01J20/3263 , B01J2220/58
摘要： The invention has compositions of matter and process aspects.The compositions of matter aspects relate to a class of new organic compounds, viz., intermediates which are sulfur and nitrogen containing hydrocarbons covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane and those intermediates covalently bonded to a solid inorganic support such as silica.The process aspect comprises two processes, viz., (1) a process for making the new class of compounds, and (2) the process of removing and/or concentrating certain ions such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solutions thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound as stated, e.g., by flowing the solution through a column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g., by flowing a receiving liquid through the column to remove the desired ion(s) in solution in the receiving liquid and recovering the desired ion(s) from the receiving liquid.

7. 发明授权

US5039419A Sulfur-containing hydrocarbon compounds and process of using same in recovering and concentrating desired ions from solutions thereof 失效
标题翻译：含硫烃化合物及其从其溶液中回收和浓缩所需离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US5039419A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-13
申请号：US587254
申请日：1990-09-24
申请人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Bryon J. Tarbet , Krzysztof Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Ronald L. Bruening
发明人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Bryon J. Tarbet , Krzysztof Krakowiak , Jan F. Biernat , Ronald L. Bruening
IPC分类号： B01J20/32 , C07F7/18
CPC分类号： C07F7/1836 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3219 , B01J20/3259
摘要： The invention has compositions of matter and process aspects.The compositions of matter aspect relate to two classes of new organic compounds, viz., A. intermediates which are sulfur-containing hydrocarbons covalently bonded to trialkoxysilane and B. that class of intermediates covalently bonded to an inorganic matrix, e.g., silica, silica gel, glass, glass fibers, alumina, nickel oxide, zirconia, and titania. The process aspect comprises two processes, viz., (1) a process for making the two new classes of compounds A and B, and (2) the process of removing and concentrating certain ions, such as noble metal ions and other transition metal ions, from solution thereof admixed with other ions which may be present in much higher concentrations by forming a complex of the desired ion(s) with a compound of class B, e.g., by flowing the solution through a chromatography column packed with the compound, breaking the complex, e.g., by flowing a receiving liquid through the column in much smaller amount than the amount of solution passed through it to remove and concentrate the desired ion(s) in solution in the receiving liquid and recovering the desired ion(s) from the receiving liquid.
摘要翻译：本发明具有物质和方法方面的组成。物质方面的组成涉及两类新的有机化合物，即A.中间体，它们是共价键合到三烷氧基硅烷和B的含硫烃。该类中间体与无机基质共价结合，例如二氧化硅，硅胶，玻璃，玻璃纤维，氧化铝，氧化镍，氧化锆和二氧化钛。该方法包括两个过程，即（1）制备两种新类别的化合物A和B的方法，和（2）去除和浓缩某些离子如贵金属离子和其它过渡金属离子的过程，其溶液与可以以更高浓度存在的其它离子混合，通过形成所需离子与B类化合物的络合物，例如使溶液流过填充有化合物的色谱柱，破碎复合物，例如通过使接收液体通过柱子的量比通过其中的溶液的量小得多，以将所需的离子浓缩到接收液体中的溶液中并从所述离子中回收所需的离子接收液体。

8. 发明授权

US5273660A Aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligands attached to solid supports for removal of metal ions 失效
标题翻译：含有氨基烷基膦酸的配体连接到固体载体上以除去金属离子
公开(公告)号：US5273660A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US7075
申请日：1993-01-21
申请人： Ronald L. Breuning , Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak
发明人： Ronald L. Breuning , Bryon J. Tarbet , Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Krzysztof E. Krakowiak
IPC分类号： B01J20/32 , B01J39/12 , B01J45/00 , C07F9/38 , G01N30/00 , B01P15/04 , C02F1/02
CPC分类号： B01J20/3259 , B01J39/12 , B01J45/00 , C07F9/3808
摘要： A method for the removal and concentration of desired ions such as Sb.sup.3+, Zr.sup.4+, Zn.sup.2+, Pu.sup.4+, Hf.sup.4+, Cu.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Fe.sup.3+, Cd.sup.2+, Ag.sup.+, and Hg.sup.2+ from a multiple ion source solution which may contain larger concentrations of other undesired ions including H.sup.+ comprises bringing the source solution into contact with a compound comprising an aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand covalently bonded through an organic spacer silicon grouping to a solid inorganic support. The aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand portion(s) of the compound has an affinity for the desired ions to form a complex thereby removing the desired ions from the source solution. The desired ions are removed from the compound by contacting the compound with a much smaller volume of a receiving solution having a greater affinity for the desired ions than does the aminoalkylphosphonic acid containing ligand portion of the compound. The process is useful in removing desired or unwanted ions of Sb(III) from acidic waste streams, streams containing concentrated Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I), and also the removal of Zr(IV), Pu(IV) and Hf(IV) from nitric acid solutions containing large amounts of other ions as well removal of unwanted ions from other industrial or environmental streams.
摘要翻译：从多离子源溶液中除去和浓缩所需离子如Sb3 +，Zr4 +，Zn2 +，Pu4 +，Hf4 +，Cu2 +，Ni2 +，Fe3 +，Cd2 +，Ag +和Hg2 +的方法，该多离子源溶液可能含有较大浓度的其他不需要的离子，包括 H +包括使源溶液与包含通过有机间隔物硅分子共价键合的含氨基烷基膦酸的配体的化合物与固体无机载体接触。所述化合物的氨基烷基膦酸的配体部分对所需离子具有亲和性，从而形成络合物，从而从源溶液中除去所需的离子。通过使化合物与化合物的氨基烷基膦酸的配体部分相比具有比所需离子更大的亲和力的接收溶液的接触溶液接触，从化合物中除去所需的离子。该方法可用于从酸性废物流，含有浓缩的Cu（II），Ni（II），Zn（II）和Ag（I）的物流中除去Sb（III）的所需或不需要的离子，以及除去Zr （IV），Pu（IV）和Hf（IV），从含有大量其他离子的硝酸溶液中除去不需要的其他工业或环境流中的离子。

9. 发明授权

US5190661A Process of removing ions from solutions using a complex with sulfur-containing hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：使用含硫烃的络合物从溶液中除去离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US5190661A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-02
申请号：US895341
申请日：1992-06-08
申请人： Ronald L. Bruening , Bryon J. Tarbet , Reed M. Izatt , Jerald S. Bradshaw
发明人： Ronald L. Bruening , Bryon J. Tarbet , Reed M. Izatt , Jerald S. Bradshaw
IPC分类号： B01D15/04 , B01J15/00 , B01J20/10 , B01J20/22 , B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , C01G55/00
CPC分类号： B01J45/00 , B01J20/3261 , B01J20/3263 , Y10T428/2933 , Y10T428/2938 , Y10T428/2962 , Y10T428/2991 , Y10T428/2993 , Y10T428/2995
摘要： A method for the removal and concentration of desired ions such as Pd(II), Ru(III), Pd(IV), Au(III), Au(I), Ag(I), and Hg(II) from a multiple ion source solution which may contain larger concentrations of other undesired ions including H.sup.+ comprises bringing the source solution into contact with a compound comprising a sulfur and electron withdrawing group containing ligand covalently bonded through an organic spacer silicon grouping to a solid inorganic support. The sulfur and electron withdrawing group containing ligand portion(s) of the compound has an affinity for the desired ions to form a complex thereby removing the desired ions from the source solution. The desired ions are removed from the compound by contacting the compound with a much smaller volume of a receiving solution having a greater affinity for the desired ions than does the sulfur and electron withdrawing group containing ligand portion of the compound. The process is useful in removing desired or unwanted ions from acidic waste streams, metal refining streams, and other industrial or environmental streams. The invention is also drawn to the sulfur and electron withdrawing group containing ligands covalently bonded through a spacer grouping to a hydrophilic inorganic solid support material.
摘要翻译：从多重去除和浓缩所需离子如Pd（II），Ru（III），Pd（IV），Au（III），Au（I），Ag（I）和Hg（II）的方法可能含有较大浓度的其它不需要的离子（包括H +）的离子源溶液包括使源溶液与包含通过有机间隔硅基团共价键合的含硫和吸电子基团的配体与固体无机载体接触。含有配体部分的硫和吸电子基团对所需的离子具有亲和性，从而形成络合物，从而从源溶液中除去所需的离子。通过使化合物与化合物的含有硫和吸电子基团的配体部分相比具有比期望离子更高的亲和力的接收溶液的接触量相对于化合物除去所需的离子。该方法可用于从酸性废物流，金属精炼流和其它工业或环境流中除去所需或不需要的离子。本发明还涉及含有通过间隔基团与亲水性无机固体载体材料共价键合的配体的硫和吸电子基团。

10. 发明授权

US5179213A Macrocyclic ligands bonded to an inorganic support matrix and a process for selectively and quantitatively removing and concentrating ions present at low concentrations from mixtures thereof with other ions 失效
标题翻译：与无机载体基质结合的大环配体以及选择性和定量地除去和浓缩离子与其它离子的混合物以低浓度存在的方法
公开(公告)号：US5179213A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US517127
申请日：1990-05-01
申请人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Virginia B. Christensen , Ronald L. Bruening
发明人： Jerald S. Bradshaw , Reed M. Izatt , Virginia B. Christensen , Ronald L. Bruening
IPC分类号： B01J20/32 , B01J45/00 , C01F11/00 , C01G21/00
CPC分类号： B01J20/103 , B01J20/06 , B01J20/08 , B01J20/3092 , B01J20/3204 , B01J20/3217 , B01J20/3257 , B01J20/3263 , B01J45/00 , C01F11/005 , C01G21/003 , C22B3/42 , B01J2220/58 , Y02P10/234
摘要： A process of separating one or more seleced species of ions from a solution containing the ions comprises contacting the solution with a novel composition of matter comprising a hydrocarbon chain covalently bonded to a macrocyclic compound, wherein the macrocyclic compound has at least four --A--C--C-- linkages in which A for each such linkage, is independently selected from the group consisting of O, O--CH.sub.2, S, SH.sub.2, NR, and NRCH.sub.2, with R being independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and benzyl, and wherein the hydrocarbon chain has an end group ##STR1## with X being independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, halogen, O--CH.sub.3, O--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and O-matrix, and with matrix being independently selected from the group consisting of silica, silica gel, glass, glass fibers, titania, zirconia, alumina and nickle oxide. A complex is formed between the selected ions and the composition of matter to remove the selected species of ions from the solution. The solution is separated from the complex, and the complex is thereafter contacted with an eluant which frees the selected ions from the complex into solution in the eluant.
摘要翻译：从含有离子的溶液中分离一种或多种选择离子的离子的方法包括使溶液与包含与大环化合物共价结合的烃链的新型组合物接触，其中大环化合物具有至少四个-ACC键其中每个这样的键的A独立地选自O，O-CH 2，S，SH 2，NR和NRCH 2，其中R独立地选自氢，烷基和苄基，并且其中烃链具有末端基团，其中X独立地选自低级烷基，苄基，苯基，卤素，O-CH3，O-C2H5和O-基质，并且基团独立地选自二氧化硅，硅胶，玻璃，玻璃纤维，二氧化钛，氧化锆，氧化铝和镍氧化物。在选定的离子和物质组成之间形成一个络合物，以从溶液中除去所选择的离子种类。将溶液与络合物分离，然后使络合物与洗脱剂接触，洗脱剂将选定的离子从络合物中释放到洗脱液中的溶液中。

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