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1. 发明授权

US5445681A Superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5445681A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-29
申请号：US185471
申请日：1994-01-24
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Terence Wong
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Terence Wong
IPC分类号： H01B12/10 , B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01B13/00 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24 , H01B12/02 , H01L39/12
CPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , H01L39/2406 , H01L39/2409 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/919
摘要： A method for producing a superconductor by partial inter diffusion of layers of metal under a diffusion heat treatment to provide a ductile beta phase alloy, along with undiffused metal layers to permit ease of extrusion and drawing to fine layer thickness. At some point in the reduction the layers are further diffused to give an alloy superconducting product which is optimal for the high field (5-9 T) of interest in contact with a non-superconducting layer. This optimal diffusion is preferably accomplished after a sufficient reduction such that the individual metal layers are 2.5-15 microns thick.
摘要翻译：一种通过在扩散热处理下金属层的部分相互扩散来制造超导体的方法，以提供延性β相合金以及未扩散的金属层，以允许易于挤出和拉伸成细的层厚度。在还原的某一点，层进一步扩散以得到对于与非超导层接触的感兴趣的高场（5-9T）最佳的合金超导产品。这种最佳扩散优选在足够的还原之后实现，使得各个金属层的厚度为2.5-15微米。

2. 发明授权

US5869196A Constrained filament electrolytic anode and process of fabrication 失效
标题翻译：约束长丝电解阳极及其制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5869196A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US931145
申请日：1997-09-16
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Terence Wong
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Terence Wong
IPC分类号： B21C23/00 , B21C1/00 , B21C37/04 , B32B20060101 , B32B5/18 , B32B15/00 , H01G9/04 , H01G9/042 , H01G9/052
CPC分类号： H01G9/042 , B21C37/047 , Y10T29/49002 , Y10T428/12479 , Y10T428/12806 , Y10T428/12819
摘要： Porous metal compacts suitable for use as electrodes are formed through the reduction of a metal billet consisting of multiple filaments of an appropriate valve metal, preferably tantalum, contained within, and spaced apart by, a ductile metal, preferably copper. The filaments are elongated and substantially parallel within the billet. The array of valve metal filaments within the billet is surrounded by a continuous layer of valve metal. This metal is preferably, but not necessarily, the same as that which forms the filaments. The valve metal layer preferably completely surrounds the filament array circumferentially and runs the full length of the filaments. The layer is separated from the array by the same ductile metal that serves to separate the filaments from each other. This same ductile metal forms the surface of the billet, preventing exposure of the valve metal layer. The billet is reduced by conventional means, such as extrusion and wire drawing, the composite product is cut into short lengths, and the ductile metal separating the valve metal components of the composite is removed, preferably by leaching in mineral acids. The filaments are constrained within the valve metal tube, making handling during subsequent capacitor manufacture much less difficult than if the filaments were allowed to move freely.
摘要翻译：适合用作电极的多孔金属压块通过还原金属坯料而形成，所述金属坯料由包含在延性金属（优选铜）中并由间隔开的适当的阀金属，优选钽构成。长丝细长并在坯料内基本平行。钢坯内的阀金属细丝阵列被一个连续的金属层包围。该金属优选但不一定与形成长丝的金属相同。阀金属层优选地沿圆周方向完全围绕细丝阵列，并延伸长丝的全长。该层通过相同的延展性金属与阵列分离，其用于将长丝彼此分离。该相同的延性金属形成坯料的表面，防止阀金属层的暴露。通过常规方式，例如挤出和拉丝，将复合材料切割成短长度，并且分离复合材料的阀金属组分的延性金属，优选通过在无机酸中浸出而被除去。长丝被限制在阀金属管内，使得随后的电容器制造期间的处理比如果允许细丝自由移动困难得多。

3. 发明授权

US06699821B2 Nb3Al superconductor and method of manufacture 有权
标题翻译： Nb3Al超导体及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06699821B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US10119353
申请日：2002-04-09
申请人： Mark K. Rudziak , Leszek R. Motowidlo , Terence Wong
发明人： Mark K. Rudziak , Leszek R. Motowidlo , Terence Wong
IPC分类号： B22F320
CPC分类号： C22C27/02 , B22F3/1216 , B22F5/12 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , H01L39/2409 , Y10S420/901 , B22F3/04 , B22F2202/01 , B22F1/0003 , B22F3/18 , B22F3/20
摘要： A Nb3Al superconducting wire and method for fabricating the same wherein Nb and Al powders in combination, or Nb—Al alloy powders are encapsulated in a metal tube, preferably copper or copper-alloy (e.g., CuNi), and the resultant composite is processed by conventional means to fine wire. Multifilamentary composites are produced by rebundling of the powder-filled wires into metal tubes followed by conventional processing to wire of a desired size. It is required for the use of Nb and Al powders in combination that the Nb and Al powder particle size be less than 100 nm. In the use of Nb—Al alloy powders, it is preferred, but not required, that the powder particle size be similarly of a nanometer scale. The use of nanometer-scale powders is beneficial to wire fabrication, allowing the production of long wire piece-lengths. At final wire size, the wires produced by practice of the present invention are heat treated at temperatures below the melting point of copper (1083° C.), with the heat treatment causing conversion of the powder cores or filaments to the A15 superconductor Nb3Al. The resulting superconducting wires display critical superconducting properties previously achievable only by methods employing temperatures well in excess of the melting point of copper.
摘要翻译：一种Nb3Al超导线及其制造方法，其中组合的Nb和Al粉末或Nb-Al合金粉末封装在金属管中，优选铜或铜合金（例如CuNi）中，并且所得复合材料由常规手段细线。通过将粉末填充的线重新连接到金属管中，然后通过常规加工成所需尺寸的导线来生产多丝复合材料。需要组合使用Nb和Al粉末，Nb和Al粉末粒度小于100nm。在使用Nb-Al合金粉末时，优选但不是要求粉末粒径类似于纳米级。使用纳米级粉末有利于电线制造，允许生产长的电线片长度。在最终丝尺寸下，通过实施本发明生产的丝线在低于铜熔点（1083℃）的温度下进行热处理，热处理引起粉末芯或细丝转化为A15超导体Nb3Al。所得到的超导线材显示出仅通过使用超过铜熔点的温度的方法才能达到的临界超导特性。

4. 发明授权

US5160550A Superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5160550A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US560163
申请日：1990-07-31
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
IPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2406 , B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/814 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/921 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/12812
摘要： A method for producing a superconductor includes the steps of combining a plurality of metal bodies to form a composite structure, metal bodies being selected from transition metals such as niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium and vanadium, alternate bodies being formed of different transition metals to form triplets. The transition metals are reacted to form a ductile superconducting ternary alloy at the interfaces of these triplets of metals. The extent of the reaction is limited so as to maintain areas of pure or nearly pure transition metal along with the superconducting ternary alloy in at least one of each triplet of transition metals.
摘要翻译：制造超导体的方法包括以下步骤：将多个金属体组合以形成复合结构，金属体选自铌，钽，钛，锆，铪和钒等过渡金属，由不同转变形成的交替体金属形成三联体。过渡金属在金属三元体的界面处反应形成延性超导三元合金。反应的程度受到限制，以便在过渡金属的每个三元组中的至少一个中保持纯或近纯过渡金属与超导三元合金的区域。

5. 发明授权

US5174831A Superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5174831A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-29
申请号：US586264
申请日：1990-09-21
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
IPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2409 , B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , Y10S505/814 , Y10S505/919 , Y10T29/49014
摘要： A high field superconductor is formed of an A-15 superconductor in the form of a layer thinner than 1000.ANG.. This layer is carried by a support layer formed of a normal metal, the support layer having a thickness less than 1000.ANG..
摘要翻译：高场超导体由薄于1000安培的层形式的A-15超导体形成。该层由由普通金属形成的支撑层承载，支撑层的厚度小于1000。

6. 发明授权

US5174830A Superconductor and process for manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5174830A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-29
申请号：US628406
申请日：1990-12-17
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
IPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2406 , B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C33/004 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/921 , Y10T29/49014
摘要： A superconductor which is superconducting of a predetermined high field and low temperature is formed by combining a plurality of metal bodies to form a composite structure. The metal bodies are selected from transition metals such as niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium and vanadium, and alloys of such metals, alternate bodies being formed of ductile alloys of the metals which are not superconducting at the predetermined high field. The alternate bodies of transition metals are reacted to form a ductile superconducting ternary alloy zone at the interfaces of these bodies. The extent of the reaction is limited so as to maintain areas of transition metal and transition metal alloys which are not superconducting at the high field. The composite structure is reduced sufficiently that each non superconducting zone is less than 1000A.degree. thick and serves as an artificial pinning site for each adjacent superconducting zone.
摘要翻译：通过组合多个金属体以形成复合结构，形成超导预定的高场低温的超导体。金属体选自诸如铌，钽，锆，铪和钒的过渡金属，以及这些金属的合金，交替体由在预定高场不超导的金属的延性合金形成。过渡金属的交替体在这些体的界面处反应形成延性超导三元合金区。反应的程度受到限制，以便保持在高场不超导的过渡金属和过渡金属合金的面积。复合结构被充分降低，使得每个非超导区域小于1000A厚，并且用作每个相邻超导区域的人造钉扎位置。

7. 发明授权

US5160794A Superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5160794A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US540193
申请日：1990-06-19
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Donald W. Capone, II.
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Donald W. Capone, II.
IPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2406 , B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/814 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/921 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/12812
摘要： In a preferred form of the invention, a superconductor is produced by the steps of combining a plurality of layers of metal sheets to form a composite structure. The sheets are pure transition metals--niobium, titanium, zirconium, or vanadium, alternate sheets being formed of different transition metals. The resulting composite structure is mechanically reduced sufficiently so that each transition metal sheet is less than 1000 .ANG. thick. In the course of reduction, the composite is subjected to sufficient temperatures for sufficient times such that the transition metal layers are partially reacted to form a ductile superconducting material between the transition metal layers. Approximately one half by volume of the transition metal layers remain unreacted. These unreacted layers afford efficient flux pinning within the composite when the layers are reduced to the
摘要翻译：在本发明的优选形式中，通过组合多层金属板以形成复合结构的步骤来制造超导体。这些片材是纯过渡金属 - 铌，钛，锆或钒，由不同的过渡金属形成的交替片材。所得到的复合结构被充分地机械地还原，使得每个过渡金属板的厚度小于1000。在还原过程中，复合材料经受足够的温度足够的时间，使得过渡金属层部分地反应以在过渡金属层之间形成延性超导材料。约一半体积的过渡金属层保持未反应。当层减少到<1000安格姆最终尺寸时，这些未反应层在复合材料内提供有效的磁通钉扎。在其它实施方案中，可以使用粉末和长丝代替初始层。

8. 发明授权

US5223348A APC orientation superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译： APC取向超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5223348A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US703174
申请日：1991-05-20
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak
IPC分类号： H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2406 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/814 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/921 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/12632 , Y10T428/12806 , Y10T428/12812
摘要： Artifical pinning centers are provided in normal metal layers adjacent to a type II superconductor layer produced by reacting two normal metal layers. The transverse thicknesses of the final superconductor and normal metal layers are less than about 1000 A.degree.. Planar layers of metal which are to provide a multilayer wire whose layers are parallel. A plurality of the multilayer wires are combined to produce a multifilament superconductor, the layers in all the individual wires being parallel to each other.
摘要翻译：在与通过两个正常金属层反应制造的II型超导体层相邻的正常金属层中提供人造钉扎中心。最终超导体和正常金属层的横向厚度小于约1000A。平面的金属层，它们要提供一层层叠的多层导线。多个多层导线组合以产生复丝超导体，所有各个线中的层彼此平行。

9. 发明授权

US5158620A Superconductor and process of manufacture 失效
标题翻译：超导体和制造工艺
公开(公告)号：US5158620A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US480236
申请日：1990-02-15
申请人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Donald W. Capone, II
发明人： James Wong , Mark K. Rudziak , Donald W. Capone, II
IPC分类号： B21C23/22 , B21C37/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J7/18 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/2406 , B21C23/22 , B21C33/002 , B21C37/042 , B21C37/045 , C22F1/18 , C22F1/183 , C22F1/186 , H01J7/183 , Y10S505/918 , Y10S505/921 , Y10T29/49014
摘要： In the present invention, a superconductor is produced by the steps of wrapping a plurality of layers of metal sheets around a support to form a composite structure. The sheets are pure transition metals-13 niobium, titanium, zirconium, or vanadium, for example--alternate sheets being formed of different transition metals. The support may be composed of any ductile metal. The resulting composite structure is mechanically reduced sufficiently so that each transition metal sheet is less than 1000 .ANG. thick. In the course of reduction, the composite is subjected to sufficient temperatures for sufficient times such that the transition metal layers are partially reacted to form a ductile superconducting material between the transition metal layers. Approximately one half by volume of the transition metal layers remain unreacted. These unreacted layers afford efficient flux pinning within the composite when the layers are reduced to the
摘要翻译：在本发明中，通过以下步骤制造超导体，所述步骤是将多层金属薄片缠绕在支撑体上以形成复合结构。这些片材是纯过渡金属-13铌，钛，锆或钒，例如由不同的过渡金属形成的交替片材。支撑件可以由任何延性金属构成。所得到的复合结构被充分地机械地还原，使得每个过渡金属板的厚度小于1000。在还原过程中，复合材料经受足够的温度足够的时间，使得过渡金属层部分地反应以在过渡金属层之间形成延性超导材料。约一半体积的过渡金属层保持未反应。当层减少到<1000安格姆最终尺寸时，这些未反应层在复合材料内提供有效的磁通钉扎。

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