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1. 发明授权

US5641135A Inflatable torus and collapsible hinged disc spacecraft designs for satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：适用于卫星通信系统的充气环形和折叠式铰链式航天器设计
公开(公告)号：US5641135A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-24
申请号：US238568
申请日：1994-05-05
申请人： James R. Stuart , David Palmer Patterson
发明人： James R. Stuart , David Palmer Patterson
IPC分类号： B64G1/00 , B64G1/10 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/44 , H01L31/045
CPC分类号： B64G1/1085 , B64G1/1021 , B64G1/222 , B64G1/44 , B64G1/002 , Y10S136/292
摘要： A series of spacecraft designs (10, 42 and 52) for a Satellite Communication System is disclosed. One of the preferred embodiments of the invention called "Gearsat.TM." (10) comprises a hollow torus which inflates when it reaches orbit. When viewed from the side along its circumference, Gearsat (10) looks like two flattened pyramids sharing a common base. Phased array antenna panels (14) are deployed across the top of the pyramid along an exterior cylindrical surface (12), while twin arrays of solar cells (16) cover the slanted surfaces. The satellite (10) rotates about its center, and individual antenna panels (14) are spatially synchronized to transmit and receive signals from particular regions on the ground. An alternative embodiment, called "Batsat.TM." (42, 52), includes a central cylindrical body (B) and a plurality of substantially circular linked antenna and solar/thermal panels (A1-A9 and S1 and S2) which carry individual antennas (X) and solar/thermal surfaces (Y). All of the embodiments (10, 42 and 52) are capable of being nested or stacked in a compact arrangement that fit within the payload bay of a launch vehicle (L).
摘要翻译：公开了一系列用于卫星通信系统的航天器设计（10,42和52）。称为“Gearsat TM”（10）的本发明的优选实施例之一包括当其到达轨道时膨胀的空心圆环。从周边看，Gearsat（10）看起来像两个平坦的金字塔共享一个共同的基地。相对阵列天线板（14）沿着外部圆柱形表面（12）横跨金字塔的顶部展开，而双列太阳能电池（16）覆盖倾斜表面。卫星（10）绕其中心旋转，并且单独的天线面板（14）在空间上同步以发射和接收来自地面上特定区域的信号。称为“Batsat TM”（42,52）的替代实施例包括中心圆柱体（B）和多个基本圆形连接的天线和承载单独天线的太阳能/热板（A1-A9和S1和S2） X）和太阳能/热表面（Y）。所有实施例（10,42和52）能够以适合于运载火箭（L）的有效载荷舱内的紧凑布置嵌套或堆叠。

2. 发明授权

US6157621A Satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：卫星通信系统
公开(公告)号：US6157621A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US938015
申请日：1997-09-10
申请人： Alison K. Brown , Edward Fenton Tuck , David Palmer Patterson , Douglas Gene Lockie , Vilnis G. Grencions , Asu Ram Jha , Donald A. Ashford , Mark Alan Sturza , James R. Stuart , Moshe Lerner Liron , H. Beat Wackernagel, deceased
发明人： Alison K. Brown , Edward Fenton Tuck , David Palmer Patterson , Douglas Gene Lockie , Vilnis G. Grencions , Asu Ram Jha , Donald A. Ashford , Mark Alan Sturza , James R. Stuart , Moshe Lerner Liron , H. Beat Wackernagel, deceased
IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 , H01Q1/28 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/26 , H01Q5/00 , H01Q5/42 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/06 , H01Q25/00 , H04B7/185 , H04L12/28 , H04J3/24
CPC分类号： H04B7/18584 , H01Q1/242 , H01Q1/244 , H01Q1/288 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/065 , H01Q25/008 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/242 , H01Q3/2605 , H01Q5/42
摘要： The Satellite Communication System disclosed in the specification is a dynamic constellation (C) of satellites (S). The present invention is capable of offering continuous voice, data and video service to customers across the globe on the land, on the sea, or in the air. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a low Earth orbit satellite system that includes 40 spacecraft (S) traveling in each of 21 orbital planes at an altitude of 700 km (435 miles). This relatively large number of satellites employed by the preferred embodiment was selected to provide continuous coverage of the Earth's surface at a high minimum mask angle (1230a) of forty degrees. Each of the individual 840 spacecraft (S) functions as an independent sovereign switch of equal rank which knows the position of its neighbors, and independently handles traffic without ground control. The satellites (S) are capable of transporting calls to millions of customers using portable (P), mobile (M) and fixed (F) residential and business terminals, and gateways (G) to public phone networks. The constellation uses the 20 and 30 GHz frequency bands for communications between Earth and the constellation (C), and the 60 GHz band for communicating among the satellites (S). The present invention is designed to support in excess of 2,000,000 simultaneous connections, representing over 20,000,000 users at typical business usage levels, and over 350 billion minutes of use per year. Only a system such as the preferred embodiment, which utilizes 840 satellites at a preferred minimum mask angle of forty degrees, can accomplish these challenging objectives.
摘要翻译：本说明书中公开的卫星通信系统是卫星（S）的动态星座（C）。本发明能够在陆地，海上或空中的全球各地的客户提供连续的语音，数据和视频服务。本发明的优选实施例包括低地球轨道卫星系统，其包括在高度为700公里（435英里）的21个轨道平面中的每一个中行进的40个航天器（S）。选择由较佳实施例采用的相对较多数量的卫星以40度的最小掩模角度（1230a）提供对地球表面的连续覆盖。每个840飞船（S）作为独立的主权交换机，具有相等的等级，它知道其邻居的位置，并且独立地处理没有地面控制的交通。卫星（S）能够使用便携式（P），移动（M）和固定（F）住宅和商业终端以及网关（G）向公众电话网络传送数百万客户的呼叫。星座使用20和30 GHz频带进行地球和星座（C）之间的通信，以及60 GHz频段用于在卫星（S）之间进行通信。本发明旨在支持超过2,000,000个并发连接，在典型业务使用水平上代表超过20,000,000个用户，并且每年使用超过350亿分钟。只有采用840个优选最小掩模角度为40度的卫星的优选实施例的系统可以实现这些具有挑战性的目标。

3. 发明授权

US5930254A Non-blocking dynamic fast packet switch for satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：卫星通信系统的非阻塞动态快速分组交换机
公开(公告)号：US5930254A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US950971
申请日：1997-10-15
申请人： Moshe L. Liron , David Palmer Patterson
发明人： Moshe L. Liron , David Palmer Patterson
IPC分类号： H04B7/185 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04B7/18586 , H04B7/18589 , H04L45/00 , H04L49/1576 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/309 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/5608 , H04L2012/5651 , H04L2012/5652 , H04L2012/5681 , H04L49/101 , H04L49/1515 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/3009 , H04W40/20
摘要： The present invention overcomes the limitations encountered by conventional packet switching using virtual circuits. The present invention utilizes a "datagram" approach that routes every packet (22) conveyed by the system independently at every node in the network. The packets (22) are directed along an optimized pathway through the network by a fast packet switch (38) that directs traffic based on instructions from an adaptive routing processor (12A) that continuously runs an adaptive routing software (12B). This adaptive routing processor (14) supplies an output (12C) to a routing cache memory (20) which stores fast packet switch routing port output tags (30). An input packet processor (28) extracts a supercell address from the header (24) of each packet (22) and uses the supercell address (21A) as an index to retrieve a fast packet switch output port tag (30) stored in the routing cache memory (20). This tag (30) is prepended to the packet (22), and sent to an input port (36) of the fast packet switch (38), which includes a number of multi-stage self-routing switch modules (132) and a number of asynchronous packet multiplexors (134). The modules (132) and multiplexors (134) route the tagged packet (34) to an output port (40) which is connected either to a scanning beam antenna (SBA) or an intersatellite link antenna (ISA).
摘要翻译：本发明克服了使用虚拟电路的传统分组交换所遇到的限制。本发明利用一种“数据报”方式，在网络中的每个节点处独立地路由由系统传送的每个分组（22）。分组（22）沿着通过网络的优化路径通过快速分组交换机（38）引导，所述快速分组交换机基于来自连续运行自适应路由选择软件（12B）的自适应路由处理器（12A）的指令来指导业务。该自适应路由处理器（14）将输出（12C）提供给存储快速分组交换路由端口输出标签（30）的路由高速缓冲存储器（20）。输入分组处理器（28）从每个分组（22）的报头（24）提取超小区地址，并使用超小区地址（21A）作为索引来检索存储在路由中的快速分组交换机输出端口标签（30）缓存存储器（20）。该标签（30）被预先分配给分组（22），并被发送到快速分组交换机（38）的输入端口（36），快速分组交换机（38）包括多个多阶段自路由交换机模块（132）和多个异步数据包多路复用器（134）。模块（132）和多路复用器（134）将标记的分组（34）路由到连接到扫描波束天线（SBA）或卫星间链路天线（ISA）的输出端口（40）。

4. 发明授权

US5796715A Non-blocking dynamic fast packet switch for satellite communication system 失效
公开(公告)号：US5796715A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US241984
申请日：1994-05-12
申请人： David Palmer Patterson , Moshe L. Liron
发明人： David Palmer Patterson , Moshe L. Liron
IPC分类号： H04B7/185 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L12/5601 , H04B7/18586 , H04B7/18589 , H04L45/00 , H04L49/1576 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/309 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/5608 , H04L2012/5651 , H04L2012/5652 , H04L2012/5681 , H04L49/101 , H04L49/1515 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/3009 , H04W40/20
摘要： The present invention overcomes the limitations encountered by conventional packet switching using virtual circuits. The present invention utilizes a "datagram" approach that routes every packet (22) conveyed by the system independently at every node in the network. The packets (22) are directed along an optimized pathway through the network by a fast packet switch (38) that directs traffic based on instructions from an adaptive routing processor (12A) that continuously runs an adaptive routing software (12B). This adaptive routing processor (14) supplies an output (12C) to a routing cache memory (20) which stores fast packet switch routing port output tags (30). An input packet processor (28) extracts a supercell address from the header (24) of each packet (22) and uses the supercell address (21A) as an index to retrieve a fast packet switch output port tag (30) stored in the routing cache memory (20). This tag (30) is prepended to the packet (22), and sent to an input port (36) of the fast packet switch (38), which includes a number of multi-stage self-routing switch modules (132) and a number of asynchronous packet multiplexors (134). The modules (132) and multiplexors (134) route the tagged packet (34) to an output port (40) which is connected either to a scanning beam antenna (SBA) or an intersatellite link antenna (ISA).

5. 发明授权

US5736959A Earth-fixed cell beam management for satellite communication system using dielectic lens-focused scanning beam antennas 失效
公开(公告)号：US5736959A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US423677
申请日：1995-04-17
申请人： David Palmer Patterson , Mark Alan Sturza
发明人： David Palmer Patterson , Mark Alan Sturza
IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 , H01Q1/28 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/26 , H01Q5/00 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/06 , H01Q25/00 , H04B7/185 , H04B7/195 , H04B7/204 , H01Q3/22 , H04M9/00
CPC分类号： H04B7/18589 , H01Q1/242 , H01Q1/244 , H01Q1/288 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/065 , H01Q25/008 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/242 , H01Q3/2605 , H04B7/18584 , H04B7/195 , H04B7/2041 , H04B7/18521 , H04B7/18532 , H04B7/18541 , H04B7/18552
摘要： Earth-fixed cell beam management methods which may be employed to allocate beams generated by a constellation of low Earth orbit satellites (12) flying in orbits below geosynchronous altitudes are disclosed. These beams (19) are electronically steered so that they illuminate "Earth-fixed cells" (26) as opposed to "satellite-fixed cells." Beam steering apparatus using a spherical dielectric lens (106) is disclosed. In a system that employs satellite-fixed cells, the "footprint" of the beams propagated by a spacecraft defines the zone on the ground called a "cell" which is illuminated by the spacecraft. This satellite-fixed cell moves constantly as the spacecraft moves around the globe. In sharp contrast, an "Earth-fixed cell" (26) is a stationary region mapped onto the surface of the Earth (E) that has permanent fixed boundaries, just like a city or a state. Although the rapidly moving satellites (12) still shine their beams over the ground in rapidly moving footprints (16), the locations of the footprints at any given time do not determine the location of the unchanging Earth-fixed cells (26). The great advantage provided by using cells having boundaries that are fixed to an Earth-fixed grid (20) is realized when a subscriber being served by one satellite must switch to another beam in the same satellite or to a second satellite because the first is moving out of range below the local horizon. With satellite-fixed cells, this "hand-off" involves the assignment to the terminal of a new communication channel within the new beam or new satellite. This assignment process takes time and consumes processing capacity at both the terminal and the satellite. It is also subject to blocking, call interruption, and call dropping if there is not an idle communication channel in the next serving beam or satellite. The Earth-fixed cell method avoids these problems by allocating communication channels (frequency, code, and/or time slot) on an Earth-fixed cell basis rather than on a satellite-fixed cell basis. Regardless of which satellite/beam is currently serving a particular cell, the terminal maintains the same channel assignment, thus ameliorating the "hand-off" problem.

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