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1. 发明授权

US6157621A Satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：卫星通信系统
公开(公告)号：US6157621A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US938015
申请日：1997-09-10
申请人： Alison K. Brown , Edward Fenton Tuck , David Palmer Patterson , Douglas Gene Lockie , Vilnis G. Grencions , Asu Ram Jha , Donald A. Ashford , Mark Alan Sturza , James R. Stuart , Moshe Lerner Liron , H. Beat Wackernagel, deceased
发明人： Alison K. Brown , Edward Fenton Tuck , David Palmer Patterson , Douglas Gene Lockie , Vilnis G. Grencions , Asu Ram Jha , Donald A. Ashford , Mark Alan Sturza , James R. Stuart , Moshe Lerner Liron , H. Beat Wackernagel, deceased
IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 , H01Q1/28 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/26 , H01Q5/00 , H01Q5/42 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/06 , H01Q25/00 , H04B7/185 , H04L12/28 , H04J3/24
CPC分类号： H04B7/18584 , H01Q1/242 , H01Q1/244 , H01Q1/288 , H01Q15/02 , H01Q21/065 , H01Q25/008 , H01Q3/24 , H01Q3/242 , H01Q3/2605 , H01Q5/42
摘要： The Satellite Communication System disclosed in the specification is a dynamic constellation (C) of satellites (S). The present invention is capable of offering continuous voice, data and video service to customers across the globe on the land, on the sea, or in the air. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a low Earth orbit satellite system that includes 40 spacecraft (S) traveling in each of 21 orbital planes at an altitude of 700 km (435 miles). This relatively large number of satellites employed by the preferred embodiment was selected to provide continuous coverage of the Earth's surface at a high minimum mask angle (1230a) of forty degrees. Each of the individual 840 spacecraft (S) functions as an independent sovereign switch of equal rank which knows the position of its neighbors, and independently handles traffic without ground control. The satellites (S) are capable of transporting calls to millions of customers using portable (P), mobile (M) and fixed (F) residential and business terminals, and gateways (G) to public phone networks. The constellation uses the 20 and 30 GHz frequency bands for communications between Earth and the constellation (C), and the 60 GHz band for communicating among the satellites (S). The present invention is designed to support in excess of 2,000,000 simultaneous connections, representing over 20,000,000 users at typical business usage levels, and over 350 billion minutes of use per year. Only a system such as the preferred embodiment, which utilizes 840 satellites at a preferred minimum mask angle of forty degrees, can accomplish these challenging objectives.
摘要翻译：本说明书中公开的卫星通信系统是卫星（S）的动态星座（C）。本发明能够在陆地，海上或空中的全球各地的客户提供连续的语音，数据和视频服务。本发明的优选实施例包括低地球轨道卫星系统，其包括在高度为700公里（435英里）的21个轨道平面中的每一个中行进的40个航天器（S）。选择由较佳实施例采用的相对较多数量的卫星以40度的最小掩模角度（1230a）提供对地球表面的连续覆盖。每个840飞船（S）作为独立的主权交换机，具有相等的等级，它知道其邻居的位置，并且独立地处理没有地面控制的交通。卫星（S）能够使用便携式（P），移动（M）和固定（F）住宅和商业终端以及网关（G）向公众电话网络传送数百万客户的呼叫。星座使用20和30 GHz频带进行地球和星座（C）之间的通信，以及60 GHz频段用于在卫星（S）之间进行通信。本发明旨在支持超过2,000,000个并发连接，在典型业务使用水平上代表超过20,000,000个用户，并且每年使用超过350亿分钟。只有采用840个优选最小掩模角度为40度的卫星的优选实施例的系统可以实现这些具有挑战性的目标。

2. 发明授权

US5905466A Terrestrial antennas for satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：卫星通信系统的地面天线
公开(公告)号：US5905466A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-18
申请号：US889409
申请日：1997-07-08
申请人： Asu Ram Jha
发明人： Asu Ram Jha
IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 , H01Q21/06 , H01Q21/20 , H04B7/185 , H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q21/065 , H01Q1/242 , H01Q1/244 , H01Q21/205 , H04B7/18571
摘要： Terrestrial antennas (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D) which are capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals directly to and from satellites in low Earth orbit are disclosed. The preferred embodiment of the invention employs circularly polarized, dual-frequency printed circuit antenna elements (136) measuring only a fraction of an inch in diameter. One embodiment (10A) includes an elevation array and an azimuth array which both reside on a trapezoidal, semi-conical housing that resembles a flattened pyramid. Both the top and the curved exterior of the pyramid support circular, slotted, printed circuit patches on their surfaces which bound individual radiating antenna elements (18). Since the entire antenna is only a few inches in diameter and is less than two inches high, it can be incorporated as an integral element of a telephone (T) or can be mounted at the end of a collapsible mast (CM). Other embodiments (10B, 10C, and 10D) of the invention employ hemispherical, cylindrical, and truncated hemispherical configurations. These unique antennas permit direct communication with satellites in low Earth orbit using the 20 and 30 GHz frequency bands. The antennas (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D) and their associated circuitry are sufficiently powerful to provide dependable service virtually anywhere on land, sea or in the air.
摘要翻译：公开了能够直接向低地球轨道卫星发送和接收无线电信号的地面天线（10A，10B，10C和10D）。本发明的优选实施例采用仅测量直径一英寸的圆偏振双频印刷电路天线元件（136）。一个实施例（10A）包括仰角阵列和方位阵列，它们都位于类似于扁平金字塔的梯形半圆形壳体上。金字塔的顶部和弯曲的外部都在其表面上支撑圆形的，开槽的印刷电路板，其结合了各个辐射天线元件（18）。由于整个天线的直径只有几英寸，小于2英寸高，所以它可以作为电话（T）的一个整体元件并入，或者可以安装在可折叠桅杆（CM）的末端。本发明的其它实施例（10B，10C和10D）采用半球形，圆柱形和截头半球形结构。这些独特的天线允许使用20和30 GHz频带与低地球轨道的卫星进行直接通信。天线（10A，10B，10C和10D）及其相关电路足够强大，可在陆地，海上或空中几乎任何地方提供可靠的服务。

3. 发明授权

US5650788A Terrestrial antennas for satellite communication system 失效
标题翻译：卫星通信系统的地面天线
公开(公告)号：US5650788A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US984609
申请日：1992-12-02
申请人： Asu Ram Jha
发明人： Asu Ram Jha
IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 , H01Q21/06 , H01Q21/20 , H04B7/185 , H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q21/065 , H01Q1/242 , H01Q1/244 , H01Q21/205 , H04B7/18571
摘要： Terrestrial antennas (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D) which are capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals directly to and from satellites in low Earth orbit are disclosed. The preferred embodiment of the invention employs circularly polarized, dual-frequency printed circuit antenna elements (136) measuring only a fraction of an inch in diameter. One embodiment (10A) includes an elevation array and an azimuth array which both reside on a trapezoidal, semi-conical housing that resembles a flattened pyramid. Both the top and the curved exterior of the pyramid support circular, slotted, printed circuit patches on their surfaces which bound individual radiating antenna elements (18). Since the entire antenna is only a few inches in diameter and is less than two inches high, it can be incorporated as an integral element of a telephone (T) or can be mounted at the end of a collapsible mast (CM). Other embodiments (10B, 10C, and 10D) of the invention employ hemispherical, cylindrical, and truncated hemispherical configurations. These unique antennas permit direct communication with satellites in low Earth orbit using the 20 and 30 GHz frequency bands. The antennas (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D) and their associated circuitry are sufficiently powerful to provide dependable service virtually anywhere on land, sea or in the air.
摘要翻译：公开了能够直接向低地球轨道卫星发送和接收无线电信号的地面天线（10A，10B，10C和10D）。本发明的优选实施例采用仅测量直径一英寸的圆偏振双频印刷电路天线元件（136）。一个实施例（10A）包括仰角阵列和方位阵列，它们都位于类似于扁平金字塔的梯形半圆形壳体上。金字塔的顶部和弯曲的外部都在其表面上支撑圆形的，开槽的印刷电路板，其结合了各个辐射天线元件（18）。由于整个天线的直径只有几英寸，小于2英寸高，所以它可以作为电话（T）的一个整体元件并入，或者可以安装在可折叠桅杆（CM）的末端。本发明的其它实施例（10B，10C和10D）采用半球形，圆柱形和截头半球形结构。这些独特的天线允许使用20和30 GHz频带与低地球轨道的卫星进行直接通信。天线（10A，10B，10C和10D）及其相关电路足够强大，可在陆地，海上或空中几乎任何地方提供可靠的服务。

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