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1. 发明授权

US07310285B2 Method for characterizing shear wave formation anisotropy 有权
标题翻译：表征剪切波形成各向异性的方法
公开(公告)号：US07310285B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-18
申请号：US11196907
申请日：2005-08-04
申请人： J. Adam Donald , Tom R. Bratton , John Walsh
发明人： J. Adam Donald , Tom R. Bratton , John Walsh
IPC分类号： G01S15/00 , G01V1/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/50 , G01V1/284 , G01V2210/626
摘要： A method of characterizing shear wave anisotropy in a formation includes obtaining crossed-dipole waveforms from a borehole penetrating the formation over a range of depths and frequencies, determining far-field slowness in a fast-shear and slow-shear direction using a low-frequency portion of the crossed-dipole waveforms, and determining near-wellbore slowness in the fast-shear and slow-shear directions using a high-frequency portion of the crossed-dipole waveforms. The method also includes marking a selected depth of the formation as having intrinsic anisotropy if at the selected depth the far-field slowness in the fast-shear direction is less than the far-field slowness in the slow-shear direction and the near-wellbore slowness in the fast-shear direction is less than the near-wellbore slowness in the slow-shear direction. The selected depth is marked as having stress-induced anisotropy if the far-field slowness in the fast-shear direction is less than the far-field slowness in the slow-shear direction and the near-wellbore slowness in the fast-shear direction is greater than the near-wellbore slowness in the slow-shear direction.
摘要翻译：表征地层中剪切波各向异性的方法包括从深度和频率范围穿透地层的钻孔获得交叉偶极子波形，使用低频确定快剪切和慢剪切方向的远场慢度交叉偶极子波形的一部分，并且使用交叉偶极子波形的高频部分确定快剪切和慢剪切方向的近井筒慢度。该方法还包括将所选地层的深度标记为具有固有的各向异性，如果在所选择的深度处，快剪切方向的远场慢度小于慢剪切方向的远场慢度和近井筒快剪切方向的缓慢小于慢剪切方向的近井筒慢度。如果快剪切方向的远场慢度小于慢剪切方向的远场慢度，则选择的深度被标记为具有应力诱导的各向异性，并且快剪切方向的近井筒慢度是大于慢剪切方向的近井眼缓慢。

2. 发明授权

US06417667B1 Method for logging and determining wellbore diameter by processing of progressive subsurface electromagnetic resistivity measurements 失效
标题翻译：通过处理渐进地下电磁阻测量记录和确定井筒直径的方法
公开(公告)号：US06417667B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-09
申请号：US09695198
申请日：2000-10-24
申请人： Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： G01V330
CPC分类号： G01V3/30 , E21B47/08
摘要： A method is disclosed for determining a diameter of a wellbore. The method includes inducing an electromagnetic field in the wellbore and a formation surrounding the wellbore from a first location along the wellbore. At a first time, a phase is measured, with respect to the field at the first location, of a signal induced by the electromagnetic field at a second and at a third location axially spaced apart from the first location and from each other. The measuring is repeated at a second time, and a resistivity of the formation, and the wellbore diameter at the first time and at the second time are determined from the measurements of phase made at the first and at the second times. Any ambiguity in the resistivity is resolved by using resistivity determined from the measurements made at the first time.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定井筒直径的方法。该方法包括从沿着井筒的第一位置引入井眼中的电磁场和围绕井筒的地层。在第一时间，相对于第一位置处的场测量在与第一位置轴向间隔开并且彼此相对的第二位置和第三位置处由电磁场引起的信号。第二次重复测量，并且从第一次和第二次的相位测量确定第一次和第二次的地层的电阻率和井筒直径。通过使用从第一次进行的测量确定的电阻来解决电阻率中的任何歧义。

3. 发明授权

US07828063B2 Rock stress modification technique 有权
标题翻译：岩石应力改造技术
公开(公告)号：US07828063B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-09
申请号：US12419352
申请日：2009-04-07
申请人： Tom Olsen , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Tom Olsen , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B49/006
摘要： A technique involves facilitating fracturing operations along a wellbore extending through a subterranean formation. A stress device is deployed in a wellbore and activated to engage a surrounding wall. The stress device can then be manipulated to create a reduced stress region in the formation at a desired location along the wellbore. The reduced stress region facilitates the controlled formation of a fracture in the formation at the desired location. Furthermore, the stress device can be moved and the process repeated at multiple locations along the wellbore.
摘要翻译：一种技术涉及促进沿着延伸穿过地下地层的井筒的压裂作业。应力装置部署在井眼中并被激活以接合周围的壁。然后可以操纵应力装置以在沿着井眼的期望位置处在地层中产生减小的应力区域。减小的应力区域有助于在所需位置处在地层中受控地形成裂缝。此外，应力装置可以移动，并且该过程沿着井筒在多个位置重复。

4. 发明申请

US20080062814A1 DISCRIMINATING NATURAL FRACTURE- AND STRESS-INDUCED SONIC ANISOTROPY USING A COMBINATION OF IMAGE AND SONIC LOGS 失效
标题翻译：使用图像和声音记录的组合来辨别自然断裂和应力诱导的声像异构
公开(公告)号：US20080062814A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-13
申请号：US11553565
申请日：2006-10-27
申请人： Romain C.A. Prioul , John Adam Donald , Randolph Koepsell , Tom R. Bratton , Peter Kaufman , Claude Signer
发明人： Romain C.A. Prioul , John Adam Donald , Randolph Koepsell , Tom R. Bratton , Peter Kaufman , Claude Signer
IPC分类号： G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01V1/50
摘要： Fracture- and stress-induced sonic anisotropy is distinguished using a combination of image and sonic logs. Borehole image and sonic logs are acquired via known techniques. Analysis of sonic data from monopole P- and S-waves, monopole Stoneley and cross-dipole shear sonic data in an anisotropic formation are used to estimate at least one compressional and two shear moduli, and the dipole fast shear direction. Fracture analysis of image logs enables determination of fracture types and geometrical properties. Geological and geomechanical analysis from image logs provide a priori discrimination of natural fractures and stress-induced fractures. A forward quantitative model of natural fracture- and stress-induced sonic anisotropy based on the knowledge of fracture properties interpreted from image logs allows the computation of the fast-shear azimuth and the difference in slowness between the fast- and slow-shear. The misfit between predicted and observed sonic measurements (i.e. fast-shear azimuth and slownesses) is then optimized in order to discriminate depth zones with an elastic medium as being influenced by the presence of open natural fractures, closed natural fractures and fractures induced by non-equal principal stress effects.
摘要翻译：使用图像和声波测井的组合来区分断裂和应力诱发的声波各向异性。井眼图像和声波测井是通过已知技术获得的。分析来自单极P波和S波的声波数据，单极石斯利利和各向异性地层中的交叉偶极剪切声波数据用于估计至少一个压缩和两个剪切模量以及偶极子快速剪切方向。图像记录的断裂分析可以确定断裂类型和几何特性。图像记录的地质和地质力学分析提供了天然裂缝和应力诱发裂缝的先验区分。基于从图像记录解释的断裂特性的知识，天然断裂和应力诱导的声波各向异性的前向定量模型允许快速剪切方位的计算和快剪切与慢剪切之间的慢度差。然后优化预测和观察到的声波测量（即快速剪切方位角和慢度）之间的失配，以便与弹性介质区分深度区域受到开放天然裂缝，闭合天然裂缝和非线性引起的骨折的影响，相等的主应力影响。

5. 发明授权

US09157318B2 Determining differential stress based on formation curvature and mechanical units using borehole logs 有权
标题翻译：基于地层曲率和使用井眼测井的机械单位确定微分应力
公开(公告)号：US09157318B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-13
申请号：US13299106
申请日：2011-11-17
申请人： Randy Koepsell , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Randy Koepsell , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： G06F7/60 , E21B49/00 , G01V1/30 , G01V1/50
CPC分类号： E21B49/00 , G01V1/30 , G01V1/50 , G01V2210/626 , G01V2210/646 , G01V2210/66 , G01V2210/665
摘要： A method for performing wellbore operations of a field having a subterranean formation. The method includes determining, based on an image log of a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, a plurality of interpreted geological surfaces, identifying a plurality of estimated slickensides from the plurality of interpreted geological surfaces based on at least one pre-determined criterion, calculating, using a processor, a differential stress using a curvature model representing at least one mechanical unit defined by the plurality of estimated slickensides, generating a stress model using the differential stress, identifying a modeled wellbore stress-induced failure in response to a total stress value in the stress model exceeding a strength property of the subterranean formation, determining a difference between the modeled wellbore stress-induced failure and an observed stress-induced failure in the subterranean formation, and updating the stress model by adjusting the plurality of estimated slickensides to, in turn, adjust the difference.
摘要翻译：一种用于进行具有地层的场的井眼操作的方法。该方法包括基于穿透地下地层的井筒的图像记录来确定多个解释的地质表面，基于至少一个预定准则来识别来自多个解释地质表面的多个估计的光滑化物，使用处理器，使用表示由所述多个估计的光滑体定义的至少一个机械单元的曲率模型的差分应力，使用所述差分应力产生应力模型，以响应于总应力值识别建模的井筒应力诱发的故障所述应力模型超过所述地层的强度性质，确定所述建模的井眼应力诱发的破坏与所述地下地层中观测到的应力引起的破坏之间的差异，以及通过将所述多个估计的光滑化物调整到转，调整差异。

6. 发明授权

US08638639B2 Method of using dipole compressional data to determine properties of a subterranean structure 有权
标题翻译：使用偶极压缩数据来确定地下结构的性质的方法
公开(公告)号：US08638639B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-28
申请号：US12789242
申请日：2010-05-27
申请人： Tom R. Bratton , Bikash K. Sinha , Samer Alatrach
发明人： Tom R. Bratton , Bikash K. Sinha , Samer Alatrach
IPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01V1/50 , G01V1/44
摘要： To determine properties of a subterranean structure, information relating to dipole compressional data is collected based on measurements by a logging tool in a borehole. The information relating to the dipole compressional data is analyzed in multiple dimensions (e.g., multiple borehole axial planes) to determine the properties of the subterranean structure through which the borehole extends.
摘要翻译：为了确定地下结构的属性，基于钻井中的测井工具的测量来收集与偶极压缩数据有关的信息。关于偶极压缩数据的信息在多个维度（例如，多个井眼轴向平面）中进行分析，以确定钻孔延伸穿过的地下结构的属性。

7. 发明申请

US20090266548A1 Rock Stress Modification Technique 有权
标题翻译：岩石应力调整技术
公开(公告)号：US20090266548A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-29
申请号：US12419352
申请日：2009-04-07
申请人： Tom Olsen , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Tom Olsen , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B49/006
摘要： A technique involves facilitating fracturing operations along a wellbore extending through a subterranean formation. A stress device is deployed in a wellbore and activated to engage a surrounding wall. The stress device can then be manipulated to create a reduced stress region in the formation at a desired location along the wellbore. The reduced stress region facilitates the controlled formation of a fracture in the formation at the desired location. Furthermore, the stress device can be moved and the process repeated at multiple locations along the wellbore.
摘要翻译：一种技术涉及促进沿着延伸穿过地下地层的井筒的压裂作业。应力装置部署在井眼中并被激活以接合周围的壁。然后可以操纵应力装置以在沿着井眼的期望位置处在地层中产生减小的应力区域。减小的应力区域有助于在所需位置处在地层中受控地形成裂缝。此外，应力装置可以移动，并且该过程沿着井筒在多个位置重复。

8. 发明申请

US20090210160A1 ESTIMATING HORIZONTAL STRESS FROM THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANISOTROPY 有权
标题翻译：从三维非线性估计水平应力
公开(公告)号：US20090210160A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-20
申请号：US12363257
申请日：2009-01-30
申请人： Roberto Suarez-Rivera , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Roberto Suarez-Rivera , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： G01V1/40 , G01L1/00
CPC分类号： G01V99/00 , G01V11/00 , G01V2210/626 , G01V2210/66
摘要： A method for determining properties of a subterranean formation. The method includes determining at least one characterization parameter based on wave velocity measurement data, determining a plurality of elastic coefficients based on the at least one characterization parameter using a plurality of equations, determining an anisotropic stress profile of the subterranean formations based on the stiffness matrix of the subterranean formation comprising the plurality of elastic coefficients wherein the elastic coefficients are approximated using the plurality of equations, and displaying the anisotropic stress profile of the subterranean formations.
摘要翻译：一种确定地下地层特性的方法。该方法包括基于波速测量数据确定至少一个表征参数，使用多个等式基于至少一个表征参数来确定多个弹性系数，基于刚度矩阵确定地下地层的各向异性压力分布包括多个弹性系数的地下地层，其中使用多个等式近似弹性系数，并显示地下地层的各向异性压力分布。

9. 发明授权

US08490693B2 Determining fracture orientation using wellbore acoustic radial profiles 有权
$Determining fracture orientation using wellbore acoustic radial profiles$
标题翻译：使用井眼声辐射剖面确定断层取向
公开(公告)号：US08490693B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-23
申请号：US12706855
申请日：2010-02-17
申请人： Richard A. Birchwood , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Richard A. Birchwood , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： E21B47/026
CPC分类号： G01V1/50
摘要： A method for performing field operations is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a first set of acoustic radial profiles of a subterranean formation prior to induction of a fracture disposed about the wellbore, obtaining a second set of acoustic radial profiles of the subterranean formation subsequent to the induction of the fracture, comparing the first set of acoustic radial profiles and the second set of acoustic radial profiles based on a pre-determined criterion to generate a comparison result, determining, based on the comparison result, an orientation of one or more portions of the fracture, and adjusting the operations of the oilfield based on the orientation.
摘要翻译：公开了一种执行现场操作的方法。该方法包括在诱导围绕井眼布置的裂缝之前获得地下地层的第一组声学径向剖面，在诱导断裂之后获得地层的第二组声学径向剖面，比较第一组的声辐射轮廓和第二组声辐射轮廓基于预定准则以产生比较结果，基于比较结果确定断裂的一个或多个部分的取向，并且调整油田基于方向。

10. 发明授权

US08175807B2 Estimating horizontal stress from three-dimensional anisotropy 有权
标题翻译：从三维各向异性估计水平应力
公开(公告)号：US08175807B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-08
申请号：US12363257
申请日：2009-01-30
申请人： Roberto Suarez-Rivera , Tom R. Bratton
发明人： Roberto Suarez-Rivera , Tom R. Bratton
IPC分类号： G01V1/40 , G01V9/00
CPC分类号： G01V99/00 , G01V11/00 , G01V2210/626 , G01V2210/66
摘要： A method for determining properties of a subterranean formation. The method includes determining at least one characterization parameter based on wave velocity measurement data, determining a plurality of elastic coefficients based on the at least one characterization parameter using a plurality of equations, determining an anisotropic stress profile of the subterranean formations based on the stiffness matrix of the subterranean formation comprising the plurality of elastic coefficients wherein the elastic coefficients are approximated using the plurality of equations, and displaying the anisotropic stress profile of the subterranean formations.
摘要翻译：一种确定地下地层特性的方法。该方法包括基于波速测量数据确定至少一个表征参数，使用多个等式基于至少一个表征参数来确定多个弹性系数，基于刚度矩阵确定地下地层的各向异性压力分布包括多个弹性系数的地下地层，其中使用多个等式近似弹性系数，并显示地下地层的各向异性压力分布。

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