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1. 发明申请

US20080171211A1 Method For Protecting A Metal Surface By Means Of A Corrosion-Inhibiting Coating 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过腐蚀抑制涂层保护金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20080171211A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-17
申请号：US11659156
申请日：2005-08-01
申请人： Waldfried Plieth , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Hwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
发明人： Waldfried Plieth , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Hwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
IPC分类号： B05D3/00 , B32B27/06 , H01B1/12
CPC分类号： C09D5/082 , B82Y30/00 , C08G2261/312 , C09D5/24 , C23F11/173 , C25D13/00 , H01B1/124 , Y10T428/254 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T428/31533 , Y10T428/31605 , Y10T428/31678 , Y10T428/31699
摘要： The invention relates to a method for protecting a metal surface by means of a coating based on a corrosion-inhibiting composition containing the following component(s): a) at least one type of deposit substance comprising (1) anions incorporated by an oxidation reaction and (2) releasing at least a part of said anions for a potential variation between a redox potential of the deposit substance and an undisturbed corrosion potential of a metal surface or when a comparably small potential variation is produced on a defect, wherein said anions can inhibit a partial anodic or/and cathodic corrosion reaction or/and act as an adherence initiator, said anions comprise, respectively, an ionic radius non-impairing the migration thereof, possibly b) at least one type of matrix substance, wherein said deposit substance(s) disposed in the undisturbed areas of the coating are at least partially oxidised or at least partially doped by the anions and at least one type of the deposit substance in the disturbed areas of the at least partially reduced coating or devoid at least partially of doping anions, the coating is adjusted by selecting the contained components and the contents thereof in such a way that it is possible to act at least partially and prematurely against the generation or the progression of a delamination before an intense delamination occurred. The variants of the deposit substance optionally have a relatively low cation transport rate.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种通过基于包含以下成分的腐蚀抑制组合物的涂层来保护金属表面的方法：a）至少一种沉积物质，其包含（1）通过氧化反应引入的阴离子和（2）释放所述阴离子的至少一部分，用于沉积物质的氧化还原电位与金属表面的未受干扰的腐蚀电位之间的潜在变化，或者当对缺陷产生相当小的电位变化时，其中所述阴离子可以抑制部分阳极或/和阴极腐蚀反应或/并且作为粘附引发剂，所述阴离子分别包含不损害其迁移的离子半径，可能b）至少一种类型的基质物质，其中所述沉积物质设置在涂层的未受干扰的区域中的至少一个或多个被至少部分氧化或至少部分地由阴离子和至少一种类型的沉积物质所述至少部分减少的涂层的干扰区域或至少部分地不掺杂掺杂阴离子，通过以这样的方式选择所含的组分及其含量来调节涂层，使得可以至少部分地和过早地对抗产生或在发生强烈分层之前，分层的进展。沉积物质的变体任选地具有相对低的阳离子输送速率。

2. 发明申请

US20120052307A1 PROCESS FOR COATING METALLIC SURFACES WITH AN ANTI-CORROSIVE COATING 审中-公开
标题翻译：用抗腐蚀涂层涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20120052307A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-01
申请号：US13277510
申请日：2011-10-20
申请人： Waldfried PLIETH , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Rohwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
发明人： Waldfried PLIETH , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Rohwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
IPC分类号： B05D5/12 , B32B15/095 , B23K31/02 , B32B15/082 , H01B1/12 , C23F11/173
CPC分类号： C09D5/082 , B82Y30/00 , C08G2261/312 , C09D5/24 , C23F11/173 , C25D13/00 , H01B1/124 , Y10T428/254 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T428/31533 , Y10T428/31605 , Y10T428/31678 , Y10T428/31699
摘要： A process for coating metallic surfaces with an anti-corrosive composition that contains a conductive polymer and is a dispersion that contains the at least one conductive polymer mainly or entirely in particulate form, as well as a binder system. The conductive polymer is at least one polymer based on polyphenylene, polyfuran, polyimidazole, polyphenanthrene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and polythiophenylene charged with anti-corrosive mobile anions. Alternatively, the metallic surfaces can be first coated with a dispersion based on conductive polymers in particulate form, then coated with a composition which contains a binder system.
摘要翻译：一种用含有导电聚合物的防腐蚀组合物涂覆金属表面的方法，是含有主要或全部为颗粒形式的至少一种导电聚合物的分散体，以及粘合剂体系。导电聚合物是至少一种聚合物，其基于聚苯，聚呋喃，聚咪唑，聚菲，聚吡咯，聚噻吩和聚硫亚苯，带有防腐移动阴离子。或者，金属表面可以首先用基于导电聚合物的分散体以颗粒形式涂覆，然后涂覆有包含粘合剂体系的组合物。

3. 发明申请

US20080305341A1 Process for Coating Metallic Surfaces With an Anti-Corrosive Coating 审中-公开
标题翻译：用抗腐蚀涂层涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20080305341A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-11
申请号：US11659165
申请日：2005-08-01
申请人： Waldfried Plieth , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Rohwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
发明人： Waldfried Plieth , Ursula Rammelt , Nils Hebestreit , Martin Stratmann , Michael Rohwerder , Hans-Jurgen Adler , Karin Potje-Kamloth , Evelin Jahne , Andrij Pich , Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider , Grazyna Paliwoda-Probeska
IPC分类号： B32B15/08 , H01B1/00 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： C09D5/082 , B82Y30/00 , C08G2261/312 , C09D5/24 , C23F11/173 , C25D13/00 , H01B1/124 , Y10T428/254 , Y10T428/2927 , Y10T428/31533 , Y10T428/31605 , Y10T428/31678 , Y10T428/31699
摘要： A process is disclosed for coating metallic surfaces with an anti-corrosive composition that contains a conductive polymer and is a dispersion that contains the at least one conductive polymer mainly or entirely in particulate form, as well as a binder system. The conductive polymer is at least one polymer based on polyphenylene, polyfuran, polyimidazole, polyphenanthrene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and/or polythiophenylene charged with anti-corrosive mobile anions. Alternatively, the metallic surfaces can be first coated with a dispersion based on conductive polymers in particulate form, then coated with a composition which contains a binder system.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用含有导电聚合物的防腐蚀组合物涂覆金属表面的方法，并且是主要或完全以颗粒形式包含至少一种导电聚合物的分散体以及粘合剂体系。导电聚合物是至少一种聚合物，其基于聚苯，聚呋喃，聚咪唑，聚菲，聚吡咯，聚噻吩和/或具有防腐移动阴离子的聚噻吩。或者，金属表面可以首先用基于导电聚合物的分散体以颗粒形式涂覆，然后涂覆有包含粘合剂体系的组合物。

4. 发明授权

US09175170B2 Method for coating metallic surfaces with a composition that is rich in polymers 有权
标题翻译：用富含聚合物的组合物涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US09175170B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US10546582
申请日：2004-02-25
申请人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
发明人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
IPC分类号： C09D4/00 , C23C22/48 , C09D5/08 , C23C22/50 , C23C22/53 , C23C22/60 , C23C22/68 , C23C22/74 , C23C22/83
CPC分类号： C09D5/08 , C08K3/36 , C08K5/0091 , C08K5/5435 , C09D4/00 , C09D7/61 , C09D7/63 , C09D133/02 , C09D133/08 , C09D175/06 , C23C22/48 , C23C22/50 , C23C22/53 , C23C22/60 , C23C22/68 , C23C22/74 , C23C22/82 , C23C22/83 , C23C2222/20 , Y02T50/67 , Y10T428/31663 , C08G77/04 , C08G77/26
摘要： The invention relates to a method for coating a metallic surface with an aqueous composition for pretreating before applying another coating or for treating said metallic surface. In addition to water, the composition contains: a) at least one hydrolyzable or at least partially hydrolyzed silane; b) at least one metal chelate; c) at least one organic film former, and; d) at least one long-chain alcohol that serves as a film forming aid. The unsoiled, scoured, cleaned and/or pretreated metallic surface is brought into contact with the aqueous composition so that a film forms on the metallic surface, which is subsequently dried, compacted in part or completely by film formation and, if necessary, additionally hardened. The dried and, if necessary, additionally hardened film has a layer thickness ranging from 0.01 to 10 μm. The invention also relates to corresponding aqueous compositions.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于在施加另一涂层或用于处理所述金属表面之前用用于预处理的水性组合物涂覆金属表面的方法。除水之外，组合物还含有：a）至少一种可水解或至少部分水解的硅烷; b）至少一种金属螯合物; c）至少一种有机成膜剂，和 d）至少一种用作成膜助剂的长链醇。未经污染，被清洗和/或预处理的金属表面与水性组合物接触，使得在金属表面上形成膜，随后干燥，部分或完全通过成膜压制，并且如果需要，另外硬化。如果需要，干燥后的附加硬化膜的层厚度为0.01〜10μm。本发明还涉及相应的水性组合物。

5. 发明申请

US20060127681A1 Method for coating metallic surfaces with a silane-rich composition 审中-公开
标题翻译：用富含硅烷的组合物涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20060127681A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-15
申请号：US10546583
申请日：2004-02-25
申请人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
发明人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
IPC分类号： B32B27/28 , C08L83/00 , B05D3/02 , B32B9/04
CPC分类号： C09D5/08 , C08K3/36 , C08K5/0091 , C08K5/5435 , C09D4/00 , C09D7/61 , C09D7/63 , C09D133/02 , C09D133/08 , C09D175/06 , C23C22/48 , C23C22/50 , C23C22/53 , C23C22/60 , C23C22/68 , C23C22/74 , C23C22/82 , C23C22/83 , C23C2222/20 , Y02T50/67 , Y02T50/6765 , Y10T428/31663 , C08G77/04 , C08G77/26
摘要： The invention relates to a method for coating a metallic surface with an aqueous composition for pretreating before applying another coating or for treating said metallic surface. In addition to water, the composition contains: a) at least one hydrolyzable or at least partially hydrolyzed silane; b) at least one metal chelate, if necessary, also; c) at least one organic film former; d) at least one long-chain alcohol that serves as a film forming aid and/or; e) at least one inorganic compound in particle form. The unsoiled, scoured, cleaned and/or pretreated metallic surface is brought into contact with the aqueous composition and a film is formed on the metallic surface, is subsequently dried, compacted in part or completely by film formation and, if necessary, additionally hardened. The dried and, if necessary, additionally hardened film has a layer thickness ranging from 0.01 to 10 μm. The invention also relates to corresponding aqueous compositions.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于在施加另一涂层或用于处理所述金属表面之前用用于预处理的水性组合物涂覆金属表面的方法。除水之外，组合物还含有：a）至少一种可水解或至少部分水解的硅烷; b）至少一种金属螯合物，如果需要也; c）至少一种有机成膜剂; d）至少一种用作成膜助剂的长链醇和/或; e）至少一种颗粒形式的无机化合物。将未经洗涤，洗净和/或预处理的金属表面与水性组合物接触，并且在金属表面上形成膜，随后干燥，部分或完全通过成膜压制，并且如果需要另外硬化。如果需要，干燥后的附加硬化膜的层厚度为0.01〜10μm。本发明还涉及相应的水性组合物。

6. 发明申请

US20060099429A1 Method for coating metallic surfaces with a composition that is rich in polymers 有权
标题翻译：用富含聚合物的组合物涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20060099429A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-11
申请号：US10546582
申请日：2004-02-25
申请人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
发明人： Heribert Domes , Julia Schneider
IPC分类号： B32B9/04 , B05D3/02
CPC分类号： C09D5/08 , C08K3/36 , C08K5/0091 , C08K5/5435 , C09D4/00 , C09D7/61 , C09D7/63 , C09D133/02 , C09D133/08 , C09D175/06 , C23C22/48 , C23C22/50 , C23C22/53 , C23C22/60 , C23C22/68 , C23C22/74 , C23C22/82 , C23C22/83 , C23C2222/20 , Y02T50/67 , Y10T428/31663 , C08G77/04 , C08G77/26
摘要： The invention relates to a method for coating a metallic surface with an aqueous composition for pretreating before applying another coating or for treating said metallic surface. In addition to water, the composition contains: a) at least one hydrolyzable or at least partially hydrolyzed silane; b) at least one metal chelate; c) at least one organic film former, and; d) at least one long-chain alcohol that serves as a film forming aid. The unsoiled, scoured, cleaned and/or pretreated metallic surface is brought into contact with the aqueous composition and a film is formed on the metallic surface, is subsequently dried, compacted in part or completely by film formation and, if necessary, additionally hardened. The dried and, if necessary, additionally hardened film has a layer thickness ranging from 0.01 to 10 μm. The invention also relates to corresponding aqueous compositions.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于在施加另一涂层或用于处理所述金属表面之前用用于预处理的水性组合物涂覆金属表面的方法。除水之外，组合物还含有：a）至少一种可水解或至少部分水解的硅烷; b）至少一种金属螯合物; c）至少一种有机成膜剂，和 d）至少一种用作成膜助剂的长链醇。将未经洗涤，洗净和/或预处理的金属表面与水性组合物接触，并且在金属表面上形成膜，随后干燥，部分或完全通过成膜压制，并且如果需要另外硬化。如果需要，干燥后的附加硬化膜的层厚度为0.01〜10μm。本发明还涉及相应的水性组合物。

7. 发明授权

US06468597B1 Process for the production of a polymeric film on a metal surface, and concentrate and treatment liquid therefor 有权
标题翻译：用于在金属表面上生产聚合物膜的方法，并对其进行浓缩和处理
公开(公告)号：US06468597B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09672578
申请日：2000-09-28
申请人： Heribert Domes
发明人： Heribert Domes
IPC分类号： B05D102
CPC分类号： B05D7/14
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing a plastic film on metal surfaces, and a treatment liquid for producing this film. The treatment liquid, prior to wetting the metal, contains 0.1 to 50% (by weight) of a non-volatile film-forming mixture of resins, and 99.9 to 50% of a water-miscible, water-soluble or water solvent, and forms a film on the metal. The treatment liquid, just prior to wetting the metal, has a temperature of 10-100° C., and the metal surface has a temperature higher than the treatment liquid by at least 20° C. and a temperature in the region of 30 to 700° C. The treatment liquid is adjusted in such a way that its constituents do not substantially coagulate, settle or decompose, and such that the molecular weight distribution and the viscosity of the treatment liquid does not substantially change during use.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种在金属表面上制造塑料膜的方法和一种用于制造该膜的处理液。在润湿金属之前，处理液含有0.1-50％（重量）的不挥发性成膜混合物的树脂和99.9-50％的水混溶性水溶性或水溶剂，以及在金属上形成电影。在润湿金属之前，处理液的温度为10-100℃，金属表面的温度比处理液高至少20℃，温度在30〜调节处理液体，使得其成分基本上不凝结，沉降或分解，并且使得处理液的分子量分布和粘度在使用过程中基本上不改变。

8. 发明授权

US09365727B2 Process for the coating of metallic components with an aqueous organic composition 有权
标题翻译：用含水有机组合物涂覆金属组分的方法
公开(公告)号：US09365727B2
公开(公告)日：2016-06-14
申请号：US13413845
申请日：2012-03-07
申请人： Noel Smith , Heribert Domes
发明人： Noel Smith , Heribert Domes
IPC分类号： B05D3/00 , C09D5/00 , C09D5/44
CPC分类号： C09D5/002 , C09D5/4411 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/24628 , Y10T428/31699
摘要： A process for the coating of surfaces of a metallic component to be formed by contacting the surfaces of the metallic component prior to forming operation with an aqueous composition containing 80% by weight of at least one organic film-forming ionomeric polymer or copolymer, whereby the total organic polymeric material has an average acid number in the range from 20 to 300, optionally at least one further organic film-forming polymer different from the organic film-forming ionomeric polymer or copolymer; optionally a neutralizing agent; a low temperature corrosion inhibiting cross-linking agent and water. The pH of the aqueous composition at the beginning of the coating process is in the range from 6 to 10.5.
摘要翻译：一种用于在形成操作之前使金属组分的表面与含有80重量％的至少一种有机成膜离聚物聚合物或共聚物的水性组合物接触而形成的金属组分的表面的方法，总有机聚合物材料的平均酸值为20-300，任选地至少一种与有机成膜离聚物聚合物或共聚物不同的有机成膜聚合物; 任选的中和剂; 低温腐蚀抑制交联剂和水。涂层开始时含水组合物的pH在6至10.5的范围内。

9. 发明授权

US08936836B2 Method for coating metal surfaces using an aqueous compound having polymers, the aqueous compound, and use of the coated substrates 有权
标题翻译：使用具有聚合物的水性化合物，水性化合物和涂覆的基材的用途涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US08936836B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-20
申请号：US12529752
申请日：2008-03-04
申请人： Heribert Domes , Thomas Griebling
发明人： Heribert Domes , Thomas Griebling
IPC分类号： B05D3/02 , B32B15/08 , B05D1/02 , B05D1/18 , B05D1/28 , B05D1/30 , B05D1/40 , B05D1/42 , B05D3/06 , B05D7/16 , B05D7/00 , B05D5/00 , B05D7/14 , C08G18/44 , C08L75/04 , C09D5/00 , C09D5/08 , C09D167/00 , C09D169/00 , C09D175/04 , B32B1/08 , C09D7/12 , C08K3/00 , C08K5/00 , C08K5/05 , C08K5/54 , C08K5/5435 , C08K7/18 , C08L83/04 , C08L91/06
CPC分类号： B32B15/08 , B05D1/02 , B05D1/18 , B05D1/28 , B05D1/30 , B05D1/40 , B05D1/42 , B05D3/02 , B05D3/0254 , B05D3/06 , B05D3/061 , B05D3/065 , B05D3/067 , B05D5/00 , B05D7/14 , B05D7/16 , B05D7/52 , B05D2202/00 , B05D2202/10 , B05D2202/25 , B05D2202/35 , B05D2202/45 , B32B1/08 , C08G18/44 , C08K3/011 , C08K5/0025 , C08K5/005 , C08K5/05 , C08K5/54 , C08K5/5435 , C08K7/18 , C08L75/04 , C08L83/04 , C08L91/06 , C09D5/002 , C09D5/08 , C09D7/63 , C09D167/00 , C09D169/00 , C09D175/04 , Y10T29/49826 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/259 , Y10T428/2962 , Y10T428/31663 , C08L2666/20 , C08L2666/02 , C08L83/00
摘要： A process for coating a metallic surface with an aqueous composition containing a) as the main component, an organic film former consisting of at least one synthetic resin, 70 to 100 wt. % of the content of synthetic resin(s) in the organic film former comprising at least one water-soluble or/and water-dispersible synthetic resin in the form of polymers, copolymers, block copolymers or/and graft copolymers based on synthetic resins selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyurethane, ionomer, poly(meth)acrylate, polyester, polyether or/and polystyrene, the content of polycarbonate and polyurethane being at least 10 wt. % each, at least one long-chain alcohol as film-forming aid for the organic film former, a crosslinker, a lubricant, and a substance based on silane, silanol or/and siloxane or/and at least one inorganic compound in particle form with an average particle diameter measured on a scanning electron microscope in the range from 0.005 to 0.3 μm, and optionally at least one organic corrosion inhibitor, at least one organic solvent or/and at least one additive. The metallic surface is brought into contact with the aqueous composition and a polymeric film is formed on the metallic surface with a film thickness in the range from 0.01 to 10 μm. The aqueous composition and coated products are also contemplated.
摘要翻译：一种用含有a）作为主要成分的水性组合物涂覆金属表面的方法，由至少一种合成树脂组成的有机成膜剂，70-100重量份。基于合成树脂选择的聚合物，共聚物，嵌段共聚物或/和接枝共聚物形式的至少一种水溶性或/和水分散性合成树脂的有机成膜剂中合成树脂的含量的百分比由聚碳酸酯，聚氨酯，离聚物，聚（甲基）丙烯酸酯，聚酯，聚醚或/和聚苯乙烯组成的组中，聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯的含量为至少10重量％％，至少一种长链醇作为有机成膜剂的成膜助剂，交联剂，润滑剂和基于硅烷，硅烷醇或/和硅氧烷或/和至少一种颗粒形式的无机化合物的物质在扫描电子显微镜上测量的平均粒径在0.005至0.3μm的范围内，以及任选的至少一种有机腐蚀抑制剂，至少一种有机溶剂或/和至少一种添加剂。使金属表面与水性组合物接触，并且在金属表面上形成膜厚度为0.01至10μm的聚合物膜。还考虑了水性组合物和包衣产品。

10. 发明申请

US20130177768A1 METHOD FOR COATING METALLIC SURFACES WITH A COATING AGENT CONTAINING A POLYMER, THE COATING AGENT, AND USE THEREOF 审中-公开
标题翻译：用含有聚合物，涂层剂及其使用的涂层剂涂覆金属表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20130177768A1
公开(公告)日：2013-07-11
申请号：US13821788
申请日：2011-09-08
申请人： Mike Krüger , Petra Grünberg , Mark Andre Schneider , Heribert Domes
发明人： Mike Krüger , Petra Grünberg , Mark Andre Schneider , Heribert Domes
IPC分类号： C09D175/04
CPC分类号： C09D175/04 , C09D5/084 , C23C22/362 , C23C22/44 , C23C2222/10 , C23C2222/20 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31605
摘要： The invention relates to a method for coating metallic surfaces with an aqueous composition as a solution or as a dispersion, wherein the composition contains a) at least one phosphate, b) at least 0.1 g/L of at least one titanium and/or zirconium compound, c) at least one complexing agent, d) cations of aluminum, chromium(III), and/or zinc and/or at least one compound containing aluminum, chromium(III), and/or zinc, and e) 1 to 500 g/L of at least one acid-tolerant cationic or nonionic organic polymer/copolymer, relative to the content of the solids and active substances in these additives.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用水性组合物作为溶液或分散体涂覆金属表面的方法，其中组合物含有a）至少一种磷酸盐，b）至少0.1g / L的至少一种钛和/或锆化合物，c）至少一种络合剂，d）铝，铬（III）和/或锌和/或至少一种含有铝，铬（III）和/或锌的化合物的阳离子，和e）1至相对于这些添加剂中固体和活性物质的含量，500g / L的至少一种耐酸阳离子或非离子有机聚合物/共聚物。

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