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1. 发明授权

US4684215A Single mode fiber optic single sideband modulator and method of frequency 失效
标题翻译：单模光纤单边带调制器和频率法
公开(公告)号：US4684215A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US556636
申请日：1983-11-30
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngguist , Janet L. Brooks
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngguist , Janet L. Brooks
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/125 , G02F2/02 , G02B6/02 , G02B5/30 , G02F1/11
CPC分类号： G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134
摘要： A fiber optic frequency shifter comprising two waveguides having different indices of refraction. In some embodiments the waveguides are two modes of propagation in one fiber. Plural distributed coupling ridges, or electrodes mounted adjacent piezoelectric materials, are independently driven to apply sinusoidally varying forces to the fiber. In some embodiments, the phase relationship of the driving signals for the electrodes or ridges is such that a travelling acoustic wave is launched in the fiber. In other embodiments, regions of stress in the fiber are created by an acoustic wave coupled into the fiber from a transducer coupled to an acoustic medium surrounding the fiber. The input carrier light is shifted in frequency by the frequency of the acoustic wave.
摘要翻译：一种光纤移频器，包括具有不同折射率的两个波导。在一些实施例中，波导是在一个光纤中的两种传播模式。多个分布耦合脊或邻近压电材料安装的电极被独立地驱动以向光纤施加正弦变化的力。在一些实施例中，用于电极或脊的驱动信号的相位关系使得行进声波在光纤中发射。在其他实施例中，光纤中的应力区域是由耦合到围绕光纤的声学介质的传感器耦合到光纤中的声波产生的。输入载波的频率以声波的频率移动。

2. 发明授权

US4770535A Distributed sensor array and method using a pulsed signal source 失效
标题翻译：分布式传感器阵列和使用脉冲信号源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4770535A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US877296
申请日：1986-06-23
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G01J9/02 , G01R15/24 , G08C23/04 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system using pulsed optical signals optionally produced by a short coherence length source to provide a phase difference output signal representative of conditions affecting a selected sensor. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light pulses transmitted through the sensors are multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber compensating interferometer which coherently couples portions of adjacent multiplexed light signals to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. In other preferred embodiments, the system is configured to define a plurality of adjacent Mach-Zehnder interferometers which provide output signal pairs which coherently couple to yield a phase difference signal directly representing the environmental effects on a particular sensor. Functional equivalents of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations comprise configurations including adjacent Michelson interferometers. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：使用脉冲光信号的分布式传感器系统，其可选地由短相干长度源产生，以提供表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差输出信号。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光脉冲被复用到梯子的返回臂上。复用的信号由光纤补偿干涉仪接收，该干涉仪相干地耦合相邻复用光信号的部分，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。在其它优选实施例中，该系统被配置为限定多个相邻的马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其提供相干耦合以产生直接表示对特定传感器的环境影响的相位差信号的输出信号对。 Mach-Zehnder干涉仪配置的功能等同物包括相邻的迈克尔逊干涉仪。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

3. 发明授权

US4697926A Coherent distributed sensor and method using short coherence length sources 失效
标题翻译：相干分布传感器和使用短相干长度源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4697926A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US699855
申请日：1985-02-08
申请人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01D21/00 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G02B6/00 , H04B10/00 , H04B10/20 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system including an optical source having a short coherence length for optionally continuously monitoring each sensor in the system. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light transmitted through the sensors is multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder, with sensor spacing being such that interference between light from different sensors is prevented. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber receiver which couples the multiplexed light with an interfering optical reference signal to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. Embodiments are disclosed for use of either pulsed or continuous wave light sources. In another preferred embodiment, the sensors comprise a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers connected in series configuration by a common optical fiber, which provides multiplexed output signals from the sensors to a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers comprising receivers. The optical path length differences between the arms of each of the sensors are selected to prevent interference between the multiplexed sensor output signals from various sensors. The optical path lengths through the sensors and receivers are structured so that each receiver produces a phase difference signal relating to conditions affecting light transmission through a specific sensor. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：一种分布式传感器系统，包括具有短相干长度的光源，用于可选地连续监测系统中的每个传感器。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光被多路复用到梯子的返回臂上，传感器间隔使得防止来自不同传感器的光之间的干扰。复用的信号由光纤接收器接收，光纤接收器将复用的光与干涉光参考信号耦合，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。公开了使用脉冲或连续波光源的实施例。在另一个优选实施例中，传感器包括通过公共光纤串联配置的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪，其将来自传感器的多路复用输出信号提供给包括接收器的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪。选择每个传感器的臂之间的光程长度差以防止来自各种传感器的多路传感器输出信号之间的干扰。通过传感器和接收器的光路长度被构造成使得每个接收器产生与影响通过特定传感器的光透射的条件相关的相位差信号。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

4. 发明授权

US4768880A System and method for accurate loop length determination in fiber-optic sensors and signal processors 失效
标题翻译：光纤传感器和信号处理器的精确环路长度确定的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4768880A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US877321
申请日：1986-06-23
申请人： Moshe Tur , Byoung Y. Kim , Janet L. Brooks , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Moshe Tur , Byoung Y. Kim , Janet L. Brooks , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01D5/353 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303
摘要： A technique and system for accurate determination of differential propagation delays in fiber-optic circuits. The method includes providing a sinusoidally modulated optical signal to each of two waveguides defining optical paths. The optical signals received from the optical paths are combined to form a reference output signal which has a null waveform whenever the propagation delay between the optical signals contains an odd number of half periods of the optical signal waveforms. The difference in the sinusoidal modulation frequency producing a first and second null or constant waveform in the reference signal is determined. This difference value between adjacent frequencies forming the null or constant waveforms comprises the inverse of the difference of signal propagation delay in the two optical paths. Accuracy is improved by measuring the sinusoidal modulation frequencies corresponding to first and second waveforms which are not formed by adjacent frequencies. The difference between those nonadjacent frequencies is divided by the difference in the reference waveform orders of the null reference waveforms to obtain the inverse of the differential propagation delay. Further accuracy is achieved by measuring at least one of the waveform nulls at a high waveform order. Still further accuracy is achieved by monitoring the reference waveforms on a network analyzer and using a frequency synthesizer to more precisely match and identify the modulation frequencies corresponding to the null reference signal waveforms. A system is disclosed for implementing this technique optionally using optical sources having a short coherence length. Mathematical relationships are disclosed for use with measured values in obtaining further improved accuracy.
摘要翻译：一种用于精确确定光纤电路差分传播延迟的技术和系统。该方法包括向定义光路的两个波导中的每一个提供正弦调制光信号。每当光信号中的传播延迟包含光信号波形的奇数个半周期时，从光路接收的光信号被组合以形成具有零波形的参考输出信号。确定在参考信号中产生第一和第二无效或恒定波形的正弦调制频率的差异。形成零波形或恒定波形的相邻频率之间的差值包括两个光路中的信号传播延迟差的倒数。通过测量对应于不由相邻频率形成的第一和第二波形的正弦调制频率来提高精度。这些不相邻频率之间的差异除以空参考波形的参考波形次数的差异，以获得差分传播延迟的倒数。通过以高波形顺序测量至少一个波形零点来实现进一步的精度。通过监视网络分析仪上的参考波形并使用频率合成器更精确地匹配和识别与空参考信号波形相对应的调制频率，可以进一步提高精度。公开了一种用于实现该技术的系统，其可选地使用具有短相干长度的光源。公开了与测量值一起使用的数学关系，以获得进一步提高的准确度。

5. 发明授权

US4768851A Fiber optic modal coupler, interferometer and method of coupling spatial modes using same 失效
标题翻译：光纤模态耦合器，干涉仪和使用它们耦合空间模式的方法
公开(公告)号：US4768851A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US884871
申请日：1986-07-09
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/01 , G02B6/26 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G02B6/29352 , G02B6/2726 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A modal coupler, for coupling between first and second order modes of an optical fiber, comprises a single continuous strand of optical fiber, and a device for applying stress to the optical fiber at spaced intervals along the fiber. The stress deforms the fiber and abruptly changes the fiber geometry at the beginning and end of each stressed region. The change in fiber geometry causes coupling of light from the fundamental mode to the second order mode. The coupler, under certain conditions, exhibits polarization dependence, and thus, it may be utilized as a fiber optic polarizer. In addition, the device couples coherently, and may be used in interferometric systems.
摘要翻译：用于在光纤的一阶和二阶模之间耦合的模式耦合器包括单个连续的光纤链，以及用于沿光纤以间隔间隔向光纤施加应力的装置。应力使纤维变形，并突然改变每个应力区域的开始和结束处的纤维几何形状。光纤几何形状的改变导致从基模到二阶模的耦合。在一定条件下，耦合器具有偏振相关性，因此可用作光纤偏振器。此外，该装置相干耦合，并可用于干涉系统。

6. 发明授权

US4801189A Birefringent fiber narrowband polarization coupler and method of coupling using same 失效
标题翻译：双折射光纤窄带偏振耦合器及其耦合方法
公开(公告)号：US4801189A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-31
申请号：US161375
申请日：1988-02-22
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/01 , G02B6/26 , G02B5/30
CPC分类号： G02B6/274 , G02B6/2766 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134 , Y10S359/90
摘要： There is disclosed herein a fiber optic directional coupler for coupling light between two polarization modes. A highly birefringent fiber optic waveguide is positioned on a flat polished surface with either of the principal axes of birefringence oriented at an angle, preferably 45.degree., to the vertical. A ridged block is then pressed down on the fiber. The ridges of the block have longitudinal axes transverse to the longitudinal axis of the fiber. The width of the ridge faces is one-half beat length, and the spacing between the ridges in also one-half beat length. The stressed regions caused by the ridges cause coupling of light traveling in one polarization mode into the other polarization mode by abrupt shifting of the axes of birefringence at the boundaries of the stressed regions.
摘要翻译：这里公开了用于在两个偏振模式之间耦合光的光纤定向耦合器。高度双折射的光纤波导位于平坦抛光表面上，双折射的主轴线与垂直方向成一定角度，最好是45°。然后将一个脊状块压在纤维上。块的脊具有横向于纤维的纵向轴线的纵向轴线。脊面的宽度为半节拍长度，脊之间的间距也为半节拍长度。由脊部引起的应力区域通过在应力区域的边界处的双折射轴的突然移位而导致以一种偏振模式行进的光耦合到另一种偏振模式。

7. 发明授权

US4792207A Single mode fiber optic single sideband modulator and method of frequency shifting using same 失效
标题翻译：单模光纤单边带调制器和使用相同方式进行频移
公开(公告)号：US4792207A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-20
申请号：US50762
申请日：1987-05-15
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/125 , G02B6/02 , G02B5/30 , G02F1/11
CPC分类号： G02F1/0134 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/125 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic frequency shifter comprising two waveguides having different indices of refraction. In some embodiments the waveguides are two modes of propagation in one fiber. Plural distributed coupling ridges, or electrodes mounted adjacent piezoelectric materials, are independently driven to apply sinusoidally varying forces to the fiber. In some embodiments, the phase relationship of the driving signals for the electrodes or ridges is such that a travelling acoustic wave is launched in the fiber. In other embodiments, regions of stress in the fiber are created by an acoustic wave coupled into the fiber from a transducer coupled to an acoustic medium surrounding the fiber. The input carrier light is shifted in frequency by the frequency of the acoustic wave.
摘要翻译：一种光纤移频器，包括具有不同折射率的两个波导。在一些实施例中，波导是在一个光纤中的两种传播模式。多个分布耦合脊或邻近压电材料安装的电极被独立地驱动以向光纤施加正弦变化的力。在一些实施例中，用于电极或脊的驱动信号的相位关系使得行进声波在光纤中发射。在其他实施例中，光纤中的应力区域是由耦合到围绕光纤的声学介质的传感器耦合到光纤中的声波产生的。输入载波的频率以声波的频率移动。

8. 发明授权

US4699513A Distributed sensor and method using coherence multiplexing of fiber-optic interferometric sensors 失效
标题翻译：分布式传感器和使用光纤干涉传感器相干多路复用的方法
公开(公告)号：US4699513A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US738678
申请日：1985-05-28
申请人： Janet L. Brooks , Moshe Tur , Robert C. Youngquist , Byoung Y. Kim , Robert H. Wentworth , Herbert J. Shaw , Kjell Blotekjaer
发明人： Janet L. Brooks , Moshe Tur , Robert C. Youngquist , Byoung Y. Kim , Robert H. Wentworth , Herbert J. Shaw , Kjell Blotekjaer
IPC分类号： G01D21/00 , G01D5/26 , G01D5/353 , G01H7/00 , G01H9/00 , G01K11/00 , G01L1/00 , G01N21/00 , G01N21/17 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/28 , G08C15/00 , H04J14/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2843 , G02B6/2861 , H04J14/002
摘要： A distributed sensor system including an optical source having a short coherence length for optionally continuously monitoring each sensor in the system. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light transmitted through the sensors is multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder, with sensor spacing being such that interference between light from different sensors is prevented. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber receiver which couples the multiplexed light with an interfering optical reference signal to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. Embodiments are disclosed for use of either pulsed or continuous wave light sources. In another preferred embodiment, the sensors comprise a plurality of interferometers connected in series configuration by a common optical fiber, which provides multiplexed output signals from the sensors to another plurality of interferometers comprising receivers. Functional equivalents of the series configuration provide sensors and receivers comprising birefringent or two-mode fiber. The optical path length differences between each pair of sensor arms are selected to prevent interference between the multiplexed sensor output signals from the various sensors. The optical path lengths through the sensors and receivers are structured so that each receiver produces a phase difference signal relating to conditions affecting light transmission through a specific sensor. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：一种分布式传感器系统，包括具有短相干长度的光源，用于可选地连续监测系统中的每个传感器。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光被多路复用到梯子的返回臂上，传感器间隔使得防止来自不同传感器的光之间的干扰。复用的信号由光纤接收器接收，光纤接收器将复用的光与干涉光参考信号耦合，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。公开了使用脉冲或连续波光源的实施例。在另一个优选实施例中，传感器包括通过公共光纤串联配置的多个干涉仪，其将来自传感器的多路复用输出信号提供给包括接收器的另外多个干涉仪。串联配置的功能等同物提供包括双折射或双模光纤的传感器和接收器。选择每对传感器臂之间的光程长度差以防止来自各种传感器的多路传感器输出信号之间的干扰。通过传感器和接收器的光路长度被构造成使得每个接收器产生与影响通过特定传感器的光透射的条件相关的相位差信号。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

9. 发明授权

US5546484A Fiber optic switch using polished-type directional coupler 失效
标题翻译：光纤开关采用抛光式定向耦合器
公开(公告)号：US5546484A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US453540
申请日：1995-05-25
申请人： John J. Fling , Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. Digonnet , Narinder S. Kapany
发明人： John J. Fling , Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. Digonnet , Narinder S. Kapany
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/42
CPC分类号： G02B6/283
摘要： A fiber optic switch module that can be incorporated into switch designs characterized by negligible crosstalk. The switch module is capable of operation over two wavelength bands. A 2.times.2 switch module has an open or bar state in which polished portions of the fiber segments are separated from each other and a closed or cross state where the polished portions are in optical contact with each other. The module has arbitrarily low crosstalk in the bar state, but typically some crosstalk in the cross state. In one embodiment, the third port of a first 2.times.2 module is coupled to the first port a second 2.times.2 module while no connections are-made to the second ports of the modules or to the third port of the second module. Fiber parameters (core radius and numerical aperture) and fabrication parameters (radius of curvature of the fibers in the interaction region and minimum edge-to-edge spacing between the fiber cores) are chosen so that the switch module has high coupling ratio (close to unity) in two distinct wavelength bands.
摘要翻译：光纤开关模块可以结合在开关设计中，其特征在于可忽略的串扰。开关模块能够在两个波段上工作。 2×2开关模块具有打开状态或条状状态，其中光纤段的抛光部分彼此分离，并且抛光部分彼此光学接触的封闭或交叉状态。该模块在条形状态下具有任意低的串扰，但通常在交叉状态下具有一些串扰。在一个实施例中，第一2x2模块的第三端口耦合到第一端口第二2x2模块，而没有连接到模块的第二端口或第二模块的第三端口。选择纤维参数（芯半径和数值孔径）和制造参数（纤维在相互作用区域中的曲率半径和最小边缘到边缘间距），以使开关模块具有高耦合比（接近于统一）在两个不同的波段。

10. 发明授权

US5082349A Bi-domain two-mode single crystal fiber devices 失效
标题翻译：双域双模单晶光纤器件
公开(公告)号：US5082349A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US541091
申请日：1990-06-20
申请人： Amado Cordova-Plaza , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Amado Cordova-Plaza , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G02F1/377
CPC分类号： G02F1/3775 , G02F1/0353
摘要： A mode converter comprises an a-axis LiNbO.sub.3 optical fiber exhibiting a ferroelectric bi-domain structure. The fiber is subject to an electrical field that induces a +.pi./2 phase retardation in one domain of the fiber and a -.pi./2 phase retardation in the other domain. A light signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber is converted into a light signal propagating in the second order mode. When the electrical field is selected so that the phase retardations are not multiples of .pi./2, the mode conversion is partial and the LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can operate as an optical switch or as an amplitude modulator. The mode converter can also be operated as a second harmonic generator. The fiber is heated to a phase matching temperature so that a signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber and at a frequency .omega. is converted to the second order mode at a frequency 2.omega.. The LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can also simultaneously operate as an optical switch and as a second harmonic generator. Other non-linear interactions are possible such as sum or difference frequency generation or parametric generation. The various embodiments of the present invention are reciprocal.
摘要翻译：模式转换器包括呈现铁电双畴结构的a轴LiNbO 3光纤。纤维经受电场，其在纤维的一个区域中引起+π/ 2相位延迟，并在另一个域中引起a-π/ 2相位延迟。以光纤的基本模式发射的光信号被转换成以二阶模式传播的光信号。当选择电场使得相位延迟不是pi / 2的倍数时，模式转换是部分的，并且LiNbO 3光纤可以作为光开关或调幅器工作。模式转换器也可以作为二次谐波发生器运行。将光纤加热到相位匹配温度，使得以光纤的基本模式发射的信号以频率ω被转换为频率为2ω的二阶模式。 LiNbO3光纤也可以作为光开关和二次谐波发生器同时工作。其他非线性相互作用是可能的，例如和或差频产生或参数生成。本发明的各种实施例是相互的。

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