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1. 发明授权

US4809001A Land mass blanking apparatus (U) 失效
标题翻译：土地质量下料装置（U）
公开(公告)号：US4809001A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US589659
申请日：1975-06-20
申请人： Harry Urkowitz , Richard P. Perry
发明人： Harry Urkowitz , Richard P. Perry
IPC分类号： G01S7/292 , G01S7/30
CPC分类号： G01S7/2921
摘要： Conventionally, a shift register receives radar video return signals and es them into a signal processing and detecting means. Since continuous, large cross-section echoes such as those derived from land masses may saturate the processor, the present apparatus is set to blank such land masses. For this purpose, the shift register capacity is made coextensive with the continuous land mass echo and further, the register is provided with a series of taps spaced one from the other a distance representing selected increments of the range extent being tested. Each tap output is applied to an amplitude-thresholder to pass only higher strength echoes to a counter. Count-responsive means operating as a counter threshold control the radar signal processor to the extent that when the total count exceeds a certain number a processor "shut-off" signal is generated. When the count goes below the certain number a "turn-on" signal is generated. Thus, the processor is inactive when the count receives a predetermined total indicator of the large land mass to be blanked.
摘要翻译：通常，移位寄存器接收雷达视频返回信号并将其门控成信号处理和检测装置。由于连续的大截面回波，如从陆地质量得到的那些回波，可能使处理器饱和，因此本设备将空白这样的土地块。为此，移位寄存器容量与连续的陆地质量回波共同延伸，并且进一步地，寄存器设置有一系列抽头，一个彼此间隔开的距离，表示被测量范围的选定增量。每个抽头输出被应用于幅度阈值器，以将仅较高强度回波传递到计数器。计数响应装置作为计数器阈值操作，控制雷达信号处理器，使得当总计数超过一定数量时，产生处理器“关闭”信号。当计数低于特定数量时，产生“开启”信号。因此，当计数接收到要消隐的大地块的预定总指标时，处理器不活动。

2. 发明授权

US5151702A Complementary-sequence pulse radar with matched filtering following doppler filtering 失效
标题翻译：具有多普勒滤波后的匹配滤波的互补序列脉冲雷达
公开(公告)号：US5151702A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-29
申请号：US734003
申请日：1991-07-22
申请人： Harry Urkowitz
发明人： Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S13/28 , G01S13/522
CPC分类号： G01S13/522 , G01S13/284
摘要： A radar generates first and second mutually complementary binary code sequences. The autocorrelation functions of the first and second pulse sequences are selected so that, in the sum of their autocorrelation functions, the main lobes add, and the sidelobes are of equal amplitude and opposite polarity, and therefore cancel. The radar sequentially transmits dispersed pulses in which the chips are phase modulated with the two codes. The received pulses are applied uncompressed to the input of a Doppler filter bank, which filters them into various Doppler channels, each representative of a particular radial velocity of the target. Within each channel, the received signals modulated by the first code are matched-filtered by a filter matched to the first code, to produce a first time-compressed pulse, and those modulated by the second code are matched-filtered by a filter matched to the second code, to produce a second time compressed pulse. The time-compressed pulses include a main lobe which represents the range of the target, and also include sidelobes which may introduce range ambiguity. The first and second time compressed pulses are added together in each Doppler channel, to produce, in each channel, range pulses in which the range sidelobes are suppressed. Thus, range sidelobe suppression is accomplished without the use of discrete range sidelobe suppressors.
摘要翻译：雷达产生第一和第二互补二进制码序列。选择第一和第二脉冲序列的自相关函数，使得在它们的自相关函数的总和中，主瓣加上，并且旁瓣具有相等的幅度和相反的极性，因此取消。雷达依次发送分散脉冲，其中芯片利用两个码进行相位调制。所接收的脉冲被未压缩地施加到多普勒滤波器组的输入端，滤波器组将其滤波成各种多普勒通道，每个通道代表目标的特定径向速度。在每个通道内，通过与第一代码匹配的滤波器对由第一代码调制的接收信号进行匹配滤波，以产生第一时间压缩脉冲，并且由第二代码调制的那些被匹配滤波器第二个代码，产生第二次压缩脉冲。时间压缩脉冲包括表示目标的范围的主瓣，并且还包括可能引入范围模糊的旁瓣。在每个多普勒通道中将第一和第二时间压缩脉冲相加在一起，以在每个通道中产生范围旁瓣被抑制的范围脉冲。因此，在不使用离散范围旁瓣抑制器的情况下实现范围旁瓣抑制。

3. 发明授权

US3995270A Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) circuitry for minimizing extraneous target sensitivity 失效
标题翻译：恒定误报率（CFAR）电路，用于最小化外部目标灵敏度
公开(公告)号：US3995270A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-30
申请号：US587171
申请日：1975-06-16
申请人： Richard Prather Perry , Harry Urkowitz
发明人： Richard Prather Perry , Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S7/292 , G01S7/30
CPC分类号： G01S7/2927 , G01S7/2922
摘要： CFAR systems may become ineffective when extraneous targets present in thhold control cells raise the threshold detection level to such a point that the target in the cell being tested becomes obscured. The present circuitry locates the particular threshold control cell or cells having the extraneous target and eliminates it from the threshold detection level computation.
摘要翻译：当阈值控制单元中存在的外部目标将阈值检测水平提高到被测试单元格中的目标变得模糊时，CFAR系统可能会变得无效。本电路定位具有无关目标的特定阈值控制单元或单元，并将其从阈值检测水平计算中消除。

4. 发明授权

US3943346A Digital interpolator for reducing time quantization errors 失效
标题翻译：用于减少时间量化误差的数字内插器
公开(公告)号：US3943346A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-09
申请号：US490791
申请日：1974-07-22
申请人： Harry Urkowitz , Richard Prather Perry , Leonard Weinberg
发明人： Harry Urkowitz , Richard Prather Perry , Leonard Weinberg
IPC分类号： G06F17/17 , G06F15/34 , G06F7/38
CPC分类号： G06F17/17
摘要： A digital processor for discretely sampled information signals, of the type such as radar return signals and communication signals. Means are disclosed for determining the positions and values of extrema and the positions of the leading and trailing edges of extended pulses occurring between sampling instants. Means are also disclosed for determining the duration of such extended pulses.
摘要翻译：用于离散采样信息信号的数字处理器，其类型如雷达返回信号和通信信号。公开了用于确定极值的位置和值以及在采样时刻之间出现的扩展脉冲的前沿和后沿的位置的装置。还公开了用于确定这种扩展脉冲的持续时间的手段。

5. 发明授权

US5760734A Radar clutter removal by matrix processing 失效
标题翻译：通过矩阵处理雷达杂波去除
公开(公告)号：US5760734A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US749609
申请日：1996-11-18
申请人： Harry Urkowitz
发明人： Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S7/41 , G01S13/02 , G01S13/42 , G01S13/522
CPC分类号： G01S13/426 , G01S13/522 , G01S7/414 , G01S2013/0245 , G01S2013/0272
摘要： An apparatus and method for radar detection of spectral moments and other spectral characteristics of echoes includes an agile antenna which directs an antenna beam in a direction for a dwell interval. A clutter filter reduces clutter. In order to eliminate the need for fill pulses to stabilize the clutter filter, the clutter filtering is accomplished by matrix multiplication of the echo signal in each range bin by the inverse of the covariance matrix for that range. This reduces the dwell at each range interval, and provides a stream of pulse-to-pulse information at each range interval. The pulse-to-pulse data in each range interval is spectrum analyzed to extract the desired spectral information, which is displayed.
摘要翻译：用于雷达检测回波的频谱力矩和其他频谱特性的装置和方法包括将天线波束朝向驻留间隔的方向引导的敏捷天线。杂波滤波器减少杂波。为了消除对填充脉冲的需要以稳定杂波滤波器，杂波滤波通过每个范围bin中的回波信号的矩阵乘法与该范围的协方差矩阵的倒数来实现。这减少了每个范围间隔的驻留，并且在每个范围间隔提供脉冲 - 脉冲信息流。频谱分析每个范围间隔中的脉冲 - 脉冲数据，以提取显示的所需光谱信息。

6. 发明授权

US5481270A Radar with adaptive range sidelobe suppression 失效
标题翻译：具有自适应范围旁瓣抑制的雷达
公开(公告)号：US5481270A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-02
申请号：US205471
申请日：1994-03-04
申请人： Harry Urkowitz , Nicholas J. Bucci , Jerome E. Freedman
发明人： Harry Urkowitz , Nicholas J. Bucci , Jerome E. Freedman
IPC分类号： G01S7/41 , G01S13/28 , G01S13/58 , G01S13/95
CPC分类号： G01S13/28 , G01S13/582 , G01S13/95 , G01S7/411 , G01S7/415 , Y10S367/905
摘要： A method and apparatus for identifying a remote target includes a transmitter for transmitting pulses of energy toward the target for generating echo signals, and a receiver for receiving the echo signals, and for generating received signals representing the target, noise and clutter. The received signals are applied through a plurality of cascaded channels, each including a Doppler filter cascaded with a multiplier, each also including range sidelobe suppression, for, in each of the cascaded channels, narrowband filtering the signals passing therethrough about a controllable center frequency, and for, if necessary, converting the signals passing therethrough to baseband, for thereby applying one of a plurality of Doppler filtered baseband signals to the input of each of the range sidelobe suppressors of each of the cascaded channels. The power of the Doppler filtered baseband signals in each range bin is evaluated for determining the frequency at which the spectral density is greatest. The center frequency of at least one of the cascaded Doppler channels is controlled such that one of the Doppler channels has its center frequency at the maximum-power frequency.
摘要翻译：用于识别远程目标的方法和装置包括用于向目标发射能量脉冲以产生回波信号的发射机，以及用于接收回波信号的接收机，以及用于产生表示目标，噪声和杂波的接收信号。所接收的信号通过多个级联信道施加，每个信道包括与乘法器级联的多普勒滤波器，每个滤波器还包括范围旁瓣抑制，用于在每个级联信道中，对通过其的可控中心频率的信号进行窄带滤波，并且如果需要，将通过其的信号转换为基带，从而将多个多普勒滤波后的基带信号中的一个施加到每个级联信道的每个范围旁瓣抑制器的输入端。评估每个范围仓中多普勒滤波基带信号的功率，以确定频谱密度最大的频率。控制级联多普勒频道中的至少一个的中心频率，使得多普勒频道中的一个中心频率处于最大功率频率。

7. 发明授权

US5440311A Complementary-sequence pulse radar with matched filtering and Doppler tolerant sidelobe suppression preceding Doppler filtering 失效
标题翻译：具有匹配滤波的互补序列脉冲雷达和多普勒滤波前的多普勒容限旁瓣抑制
公开(公告)号：US5440311A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US103027
申请日：1993-08-06
申请人： John J. Gallagher , Harry Urkowitz
发明人： John J. Gallagher , Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S13/28 , G01S13/522 , G01S13/42
CPC分类号： G01S13/284 , G01S13/522
摘要： A radar transmits dispersed pulses in which the subpulses are modulated by first and second mutually complementary code sequences, the autocorrelation functions of which are selected so that, in the sum of their autocorrelation functions, the main range lobes add, and the range sidelobes cancel. The received pulses with their Doppler sidebands are applied to a plurality of channels, each of which (except one) contains a mixer-oscillator combination that removes a specific Doppler phase shift along the range dimension at a different channel frequency. One channel has no mixer-oscillator because it is centered at a zero channel frequency. Within each channel, the received signals modulated by the first and second codes are matched-filtered by filters matched to the first and second codes, respectively, to produce first and second time-compressed pulses, each including (a) a main lobe representing the target range, and (b) undesirable range sidelobes. The first and second time compressed pulses are added together in each channel, to produce range pulses with suppressed range sidelobes. The channel signals, after pulse compression, delay, and addition, are each applied to one channel of a pulse-to-pulse Doppler filter bank. The outputs from the pulse-to-pulse Doppler filter bank are applied for further radar signal processing.
摘要翻译：雷达发射分散脉冲，其中子脉冲由第一和第二互补码序列调制，其自相关函数被选择，使得在它们的自相关函数的总和中，主范围波瓣加上，并且范围旁瓣取消。具有多普勒边带的接收脉冲被施加到多个信道，其中每个信道（除了一个）包含混频器 - 振荡器组合，其在不同的信道频率处沿着范围维度去除特定的多普勒相移。一个通道没有混频器振荡器，因为它以零通道频率为中心。在每个通道内，由第一和第二代码调制的接收信号分别通过与第一和第二代码匹配的滤波器进行匹配滤波，以产生第一和第二时间压缩脉冲，每个包括（a）代表目标范围和（b）不期望的范围旁瓣。在每个通道中将第一和第二时间压缩脉冲相加在一起，以产生具有抑制范围旁瓣的范围脉冲。脉冲压缩，延迟和相加后的通道信号各自被施加到脉冲到脉冲多普勒滤波器组的一个通道。来自脉冲到脉冲多普勒滤波器组的输出被应用于进一步的雷达信号处理。

8. 发明授权

US5414428A Radar system with pulse compression and range sidelobe suppression preceding doppler filtering 失效
标题翻译：具有脉冲压缩和范围旁瓣抑制的雷达系统在多普勒滤波之前
公开(公告)号：US5414428A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US239051
申请日：1994-05-06
申请人： John J. Gallagher , Harry Urkowitz
发明人： John J. Gallagher , Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S13/28 , G01S13/522
CPC分类号： G01S13/284 , G01S13/522
摘要： A radar system transmits dispersed pulses, and receives echoes from targets. The echo signals are digitized and applied over a number of signal paths. In each signal path except one, the digitized signal is multiplied by one of a plurality of differential exponential signals, for converting the echo signal of different exponential signals, for converting the echo signal in each path to baseband, with the baseband frequency representing a particular Doppler which depends upon the exponential signal. In the one remaining signal path, no multiplier is used, and the echo signal is deemed to be at baseband. The signals in each path are applied through a cascade of a pulse compressor and a range sidelobe suppressor. Since Doppler filtering has not yet taken place, full compression and range sidelobe reduction is not achieved, because of extraneous pulse-to-pulse phase shifts. The signals in each signal path are applied to a filter element of a pulse-to-pulse Doppler filter bank, which removes the extraneous phase shifts, and thereby provides full suppression of the range sidelobes.
摘要翻译：雷达系统发射分散的脉冲，并从目标接收回波。回波信号被数字化并施加在多个信号路径上。在除了一个之外的每个信号路径中，数字化信号乘以多个微分指数信号中的一个，用于转换不同指数信号的回波信号，用于将每个路径中的回波信号转换为基带，基带频率表示特定的取决于指数信号的多普勒。在一条剩余的信号路径中，不使用乘法器，并且回声信号被认为处于基带状态。每个路径中的信号通过脉冲压缩机和范围旁瓣抑制器的级联施加。由于多普勒滤波还没有发生，由于外部脉冲相对于脉冲相移，不能实现全压缩和范围旁瓣减少。每个信号路径中的信号被施加到脉冲到脉冲多普勒滤波器组的滤波器元件，其去除外部相移，从而提供范围旁瓣的完全抑制。

9. 发明授权

US5309161A Radar with doppler tolerant range sidelobe suppression and time domain signal processing 失效
标题翻译：雷达具有多普勒容限范围旁瓣抑制和时域信号处理
公开(公告)号：US5309161A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US988706
申请日：1992-12-10
申请人： Harry Urkowitz , John J. Gallagher , Jerald D. Nespor , Sheldon L. Katz
发明人： Harry Urkowitz , John J. Gallagher , Jerald D. Nespor , Sheldon L. Katz
IPC分类号： G01S13/28 , G01S13/526
CPC分类号： G01S13/288 , G01S13/526
摘要： A radar system includes a doppler/pulse compressor/range sidelobe suppressor filter bank (40), which separates received echo signals according to their frequency spectrum into doppler channels, and within each doppler channel performs pulse compression for reducing the duration of the received signals, and also performs range sidelobe suppression, for improving range resolution. It may be advantageous to perform certain types of processing in the time domain, such as determination of spectral moments for estimating velocity spread, mean closing velocity, and reflectivity of a diffuse target such as a weather phenomenon. An inverse (frequency-to-time) transform (50) is performed on the signals produced by the doppler/pulse compressor/range sidelobe suppressor filter bank (40), to produce a reconstructed version of the received signals. In these reconstructed signals, the pulses are compressed, and range sidelobes are reduced. The time-domain processing (62) is performed on the reconstructed signals. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the range sidelobe suppression and pulse compression filters (34a, 34b . . . ) follow the doppler filters (32), but any ordering of the filters may be used. Interchannel frequency interference attributable to the non-zero bandwidth of the Doppler filters may be reduced by pulse-to-pulse time weighting (30) applied to the received signals over a time window corresponding to a particular dwell, together with inverse weighting (62) following the inverse transformation.
摘要翻译：雷达系统包括多普勒/脉冲压缩器/范围旁瓣抑制滤波器组（40），其将接收到的回波信号根据其频谱分离成多普勒通道，并且在每个多普勒通道内执行脉冲压缩以减少接收信号的持续时间，并且还执行范围旁瓣抑制，以提高范围分辨率。在时域中执行某些类型的处理可能是有利的，例如确定用于估计速度扩展的频谱力矩，平均关闭速度以及诸如天气现象的漫射目标的反射率。对由多普勒/脉冲压缩器/范围旁瓣抑制滤波器组（40）产生的信号执行反向（频率 - 时间）变换（50），以产生接收信号的重构版本。在这些重建信号中，脉冲被压缩，并且范围旁瓣减少。对重构信号进行时域处理（62）。在本发明的特定实施例中，范围旁瓣抑制和脉冲压缩滤波器（34a，34b ...）跟随多普勒滤波器（32），但是可以使用滤波器的任何排序。归因于多普勒滤波器的非零带宽的通道间频率干扰可以通过在对应于特定驻留的时间窗口上应用于接收信号的脉冲到脉冲时间加权（30）以及反加权（62）来减小，跟随逆变换。

10. 发明授权

US5173706A Radar processor with range sidelobe reduction following doppler filtering 失效
标题翻译：雷达处理器具有多普勒滤波后的范围旁瓣减少
公开(公告)号：US5173706A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-22
申请号：US826301
申请日：1992-01-21
申请人： Harry Urkowitz
发明人： Harry Urkowitz
IPC分类号： G01S7/03 , G01S13/22 , G01S13/28 , G01S13/42 , G01S13/58 , H01Q3/26 , H01Q21/22
CPC分类号： G01S13/582 , G01S13/22 , G01S13/28 , G01S13/426 , G01S7/032 , H01Q21/22 , H01Q3/26
摘要： A multipurpose system provides radar surveillance for air traffic control purposes. The system includes four separate active phased-array antennas, each with .+-.45.degree. coverage in azimuth, from 0.degree. to 60.degree. in elevation. Each antenna element of each phased-array antenna is coupled by a low-loss path to the solid-state amplifier associated with a transmit-receive (TR) module. Each antenna produces a sequenc of pencil beams, which requires less transmitted power from the TR modules than a fan beam, but requires more time beacuse the pencil beam must be sequenced to cover the same volume as the fan beam. In order to scan the volume in a short time, the PRF is responsive to the elevation angle of the beam, so higher elevation angles use a higher PRF. Low elevation angle beams receive long transmitter pulses for high power, and pulse compression is used to restore range resolution, but the long pulse results in a large minimum range within which targets cannot be detected. A second scan is provided at low elevation angles with a short transmitter pulse to fill in the short-range coverage. Beams at higher elevation angles transmit pulse widths which are shorter than beams at low elevation angles, so that the minimum range requirement is met without a second scan, which also reduces the time required for volumetric scan. The number of pulses which are integrated to produce a return increases off-axis, to restore system margin lost due to off-axis power gain reduction. The volumetric scan rate is increased by a dynamic scan regimen by which subsets of beams are pulsed with a high transmitter PRF but with a low effective beam PRF to reduce range ambiguity and preserve Doppler resolution without the usual increase of scan time. For best range resolution, Doppler processing is used, with range sidelobe pulse suppression applied separetely to each Doppler frequency bin.
摘要翻译：多用途系统为空中交通管制目的提供雷达监视。该系统包括四个独立的有源相控阵天线，每个天线的方位角为+/- 45°，仰角为0°至60°。每个相控阵天线的每个天线元件通过低损耗路径耦合到与发射 - 接收（TR）模块相关联的固态放大器。每个天线产生一束铅笔光束，它比风扇光束要求较少的TR模块传输功率，但是需要更多的时间来捕捉笔式光束必须排列以覆盖与风扇光束相同的体积。为了在短时间内扫描音量，PRF响应于光束的仰角，因此较高的仰角使用更高的PRF。低仰角光束接收高功率的长发射器脉冲，脉冲压缩用于恢复范围分辨率，但长脉冲导致无法检测到目标的较大最小范围。在较低的仰角以短的发射器脉冲提供第二次扫描以填补短距离覆盖。在较高仰角处的光束在低仰角处发射短于波束的脉冲宽度，从而在没有第二次扫描的情况下满足最小范围要求，这也减少了体积扫描所需的时间。积分产生回波的脉冲数量离轴增加，以恢复由于离轴功率增益降低而导致的系统余量损失。通过动态扫描方案增加体积扫描速率，通过该动态扫描方案，通过高动态扫描方案，波束子集用高发射器PRF脉冲，但是使用低有效波束PRF以减少距离模糊度并且保持多普勒分辨率而不增加扫描时间。为了获得最佳的距离分辨率，使用多普勒处理，其范围旁瓣脉冲抑制分别应用于每个多普勒频率仓。

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