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1. 发明授权

US06643048B2 Low-loss electrode structures using resistive connections for optical modulation applications 有权
公开(公告)号：US06643048B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-04
申请号：US09885136
申请日：2001-06-21
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Kevin G. Donovan , Richard C. Blanchard
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Kevin G. Donovan , Richard C. Blanchard
IPC分类号： G02F103
CPC分类号： G02F1/0316 , G02F1/0356
摘要： An optical device includes a grounded base and an optical modulator chip having a top surface, a back surface and side surfaces. The optical modulator chip is positioned on the grounded base with the back surface facing the grounded base. The optical modulator chip includes a first ground electrode, a signal electrode and a second ground electrode located over the top surface of the optical modulator chip. The first and second ground electrodes of the optical modulator chip are interconnected with resistive layers on a surface of the optical modulator chip.

2. 发明授权

US06429959B1 Low-loss electrode structures for optical modulation applications 有权
标题翻译：用于光调制应用的低损耗电极结构
公开(公告)号：US06429959B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09778712
申请日：2001-02-08
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Kevin G. Donovan , Richard C. Blanchard
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Kevin G. Donovan , Richard C. Blanchard
IPC分类号： G02F104
CPC分类号： G02F1/0316 , G02F1/0356
摘要： An optical device includes a grounded base and an optical modulator chip having a top surface, a back surface and side surfaces. The optical modulator chip is positioned on the grounded base with the back surface facing the grounded base. The optical modulator chip includes a first ground electrode, a signal electrode and a second ground electrode located over the top surface of the optical modulator chip. The first and second ground electrodes of the optical modulator chip are interconnected on a surface of the optical modulator chip.
摘要翻译：光学装置包括接地基座和具有顶表面，后表面和侧表面的光调制器芯片。光调制器芯片位于接地底座上，后表面面向接地底座。光调制器芯片包括位于光调制器芯片顶表面上的第一接地电极，信号电极和第二接地电极。光调制器芯片的第一和第二接地电极在光调制器芯片的表面上互连。

3. 发明申请

US20110007383A1 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING FLAT OR ARBITRARY SHAPED OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS 有权
标题翻译：用于产生平面或正交形状光学频率的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20110007383A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-13
申请号：US11763868
申请日：2007-06-15
申请人： Ioan L. Gheorma , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： Ioan L. Gheorma , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： G02F1/35
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F2001/212 , G02F2201/18 , G02F2203/56
摘要： A method and system for generating an optical frequency comb that employs a dual parallel modulator that inputs an optical signal at a center frequency of a desired optical frequency comb and an RF signal at a frequency corresponding to a desired spacing of the teeth of the optical frequency comb. The amplitudes of the teeth of the optical frequency comb are controlled by controlling the amplitudes of the two RF inputs to the DPM and the phase shift between the two RF inputs. In some embodiments, the three bias voltages for the three interferometers in the DPM are also controlled. In some embodiments, all three interferometers are all biased at the same point (e.g, quadrature). Preferably, but not necessarily, the three interferometers of the DPM are formed on a single substrate.
摘要翻译：一种用于产生光频梳的方法和系统，其采用双并联调制器，其以期望的光频梳的中心频率输入光信号，并且以与频率的齿的期望间隔相对应的频率梳。通过控制DPM的两个RF输入的幅度和两个RF输入之间的相移来控制光频梳的齿的振幅。在一些实施例中，还控制DPM中的三个干涉仪的三个偏置电压。在一些实施例中，所有三个干涉仪都被偏置在同一点（例如正交）。 DPM的三个干涉仪优选但不是必须地形成在单个基板上。

4. 发明授权

US07027668B2 Optical modulators with coplanar-waveguide-to-coplanar-strip electrode transitions 有权
公开(公告)号：US07027668B2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-11
申请号：US10427982
申请日：2003-05-02
申请人： Robert F. Tavlykaev , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Scott T. Taylor
发明人： Robert F. Tavlykaev , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , Scott T. Taylor
IPC分类号： G02B6/26 , G02B6/10 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G02F1/0316 , G02F1/0356 , G02F2201/126 , G02F2201/127
摘要： The present invention relates to an optical modulator including an optical waveguide, and at least one CPW-to-CPS transition. The CPW segments include a hot electrode; and a ground plane disposed on each side of the hot electrode, and they share a ground plane. The CPS segment extends along an interaction length of the modulator. In one embodiment, two driving signals are applied so that the modulator operates as a dual-drive modulator. In another embodiment, a domain-inverted region is formed in a substrate of the dual-drive modulator to overlap with one arm of the optical waveguide (MZI) and invert a sign of a phase shift induced in that arm. Finally, a fixed chirp can be introduced into the dual-drive modulator by asymmetrically positioning the interferometer arms into gaps of the CPW segments with respect to the hot electrode, and by employing unequal width gaps in the CPW segments.

5. 发明授权

US5699179A Cancellation of distortion components in a fiber optic link with feed-forward linearization 失效
标题翻译：使用前馈线性化消除光纤链路中的失真分量
公开(公告)号：US5699179A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US605989
申请日：1996-02-23
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N7/22 , H04B10/04
CPC分类号： H04N7/22
摘要： A phase modulator is provided in an externally modulated, feed-forward linearized, analog cable television (CATV) link for reducing fiber-induced composite second order (CSO) distortion components. The system is compatible with existing commercially available modulators. CSO distortion is caused, in part, by self-phase modulation of the transmitted signal in the fiber optic link. The problem is particularly prevalent when data is transmitted at a wavelength other than the minimum dispersion wavelength of the fiber. Moreover, CSO distortion increases with the length of the fiber optic link and with the optical intensity modulation index of the primary modulator of the link. The phase modulator modulates an optical signal which is provided to the primary modulator in accordance with an optical phase modulation index k of an RF data signal to be transmitted. The phase modulator is effective with fiber optic links of varying lengths which carry amplitude-modulated vestigial sideband (AM-VSB) data signals such as cable television (CATV) signals.
摘要翻译：在外部调制的前馈线性化模拟有线电视（CATV）链路中提供了相位调制器，用于减少光纤诱发的复合二阶（CSO）失真分量。该系统与现有的市售调制器兼容。 CSO失真部分地由光纤链路中发射信号的自相位调制引起。当数据以不同于光纤的最小色散波长的波长传输时，该问题尤其普遍。此外，CSO失真随着光纤链路的长度和链路的初级调制器的光强度调制指数而增加。相位调制器根据待传输的RF数据信号的光相位调制指数k调制提供给主调制器的光信号。相位调制器对于承载幅度调制残余边带（AM-VSB）数据信号（如有线电视（CATV））信号的不同长度的光纤链路是有效的。

6. 发明授权

US5422966A Microwave electro-optic mixer 失效
标题翻译：微波电光混频器
公开(公告)号：US5422966A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-06
申请号：US258028
申请日：1994-06-10
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , William K. Burns
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan , William K. Burns
IPC分类号： G02F1/225 , G02F2/00 , H04B10/142 , G02B6/12
CPC分类号： G02F1/225 , G02F1/2255 , G02F2/002 , H04B2210/006
摘要： An electro-optic mixer includes means for providing first and second microwave signals having first and second frequencies, respectively, a device for providing a source light, a first modulator responsive to the source light and to the first microwave signal for producing a first modulated optical signal, a second modulator cascade coupled to the first modulator and being responsive to the first modulated signal and to the second microwave signal for producing a second modulated optical signal having a frequency component at the sum or difference or both of the first and second frequencies, and means coupled between the first and second modulators for transmitting the first modulated signal to the second modulator. Each of the first and second modulators is a broadband, low drive voltage, traveling wave intensity modulator including a substrate having a first optical waveguide adapted to receive and transmit light therethrough with a first phase velocity; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate; and a coplanar waveguide electrode structure on the buffer layer for receiving an electrical signal propagating therethrough with a second phase velocity to phase modulate the light in the optical waveguide. The substrate has a sufficiently small thickness so that coplanar mode-substrate mode coupling substantially does not occur, and the coplanar waveguide electrode structure has a sufficiently large thickness so that the first and second phase velocities are equal.
摘要翻译：电光混合器包括用于分别提供具有第一和第二频率的第一和第二微波信号的装置，用于提供源光的装置，响应源光的第一调制器和用于产生第一调制光的第一微波信号信号，耦合到第一调制器的第二调制器级联并且响应于第一调制信号和第二微波信号，以产生具有第一和第二频率之和或差或频率分量的第二调制光信号，以及耦合在第一和第二调制器之间的装置，用于将第一调制信号发射到第二调制器。第一和第二调制器中的每一个是宽带低驱动电压行波强度调制器，其包括具有第一光波导的衬底，该第一光波导适于以第一相速度接收和透射光; 设置在所述基板上的缓冲层; 以及缓冲层上的共面波导电极结构，用于接收以第二相速度传播的电信号，以相位调制光波导中的光。衬底具有足够小的厚度，使得基本上不发生共面模式 - 衬底模式耦合，并且共面波导电极结构具有足够大的厚度，使得第一和第二相速度相等。

7. 发明授权

US06795595B2 Optical modulator with programmable chirp 有权
标题翻译：具有可编程啁啾的光学调制器
公开(公告)号：US06795595B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09971643
申请日：2001-10-09
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： G02F1295
CPC分类号： G02F1/0316 , G02F1/0121 , G02F1/225
摘要： A programmable chirp optical modulator is provided having programs modes of chirp. The modulator includes an optical modulation chip substrate having an electrooptic property; a waveguide that runs across the optical modulation chip, wherein the waveguide includes a first main channel branching into separate parallel first and second waveguide arms that combine into a second main channel; a first coplanar-strip electrode overlying and running along the first waveguide arm; a second electrode overlying and running along the second waveguide arm; and at least one programmable electrode overlying the substrate and adjacent to the second electrode on a side of the second coplanar-strip electrode opposite a side of the second coplanar-strip electrode where the first coplanar-strip electrode is located. The at least one programmable electrode runs in parallel with the second electrode as the second electrode runs along the second waveguide arm.
摘要翻译：提供了具有啁啾程序模式的可编程啁啾光学调制器。调制器包括具有电光特性的光调制芯片基板; 横跨所述光调制芯片的波导，其中所述波导包括分支到分离的平行的第一和第二波导臂中的第一主通道，所述第一和第二波导臂组合成第二主通道; 第一共面条状电极，沿着第一波导臂重叠并延伸; 覆盖并沿第二波导臂行进的第二电极; 以及至少一个可编程电极，所述至少一个可编程电极在所述第二共面带电极的与所述第一共面带状电极的所述第一共面带电极的所述侧面相对的一侧上方覆盖所述衬底并且与所述第二电极相邻。随着第二电极沿着第二波导臂行进，至少一个可编程电极与第二电极平行地延伸。

8. 发明授权

US06646781B2 Loss prevention structures for optical modulation applications 有权
公开(公告)号：US06646781B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-11
申请号：US09781308
申请日：2001-02-13
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： G02F100
CPC分类号： G02F1/0356
摘要： An optical device includes a grounded base and an optical modulator chip having a top surface, a back surface and side surfaces. The optical modulator chip includes a first ground electrode, a signal electrode and a second ground electrode located over the top surface of the optical modulator chip. A resistive paint is on the back surface of the optical modulator chip to reduce losses due to extraneous modes or bias instabilities.

9. 发明授权

US5787211A Optical modulator for CATV systems 失效
标题翻译：用于CATV系统的光调制器
公开(公告)号：US5787211A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-28
申请号：US624045
申请日：1996-04-03
申请人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G02F1/225
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F1/0356 , G02F2203/19
摘要： A resonantly enhanced external electro-optic modulator reduces required drive power. The modulator has a coupling structure that efficiently couples power from a feed line into the resonator and eliminates the need for a terminal impedance. The modulator can be driven by a RF signal that is designed to suppress Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in a long haul, high power fiber optic link, such as that used to transmit analog CATV signals. The modulator can also be used to depolarize an optical signal. A ring resonator includes a portion located outside the active area of the modulator in order to provide a space-efficient structure. The ring resonator can include one or more coaxial cable portions that are tuned to provide resonance at one or more frequencies that are matched to the input RF drive signal. A pre-chirping phase modulator and intensity modulator which are driven by a common RF/DC bias signal also provide a space- and power-efficient structure by eliminating the need for a separate DC bias electrode. Compared to other adjustable chirp devices, there is no need to pre-distort both branches of the intensity modulator. An integrated electro-optic device includes a resonantly enhanced modulator, a pre-chirping modulator, and an intensity modulator arranged serially and fabricated in a common substrate.
摘要翻译：共振增强的外部电光调制器降低了所需的驱动功率。调制器具有耦合结构，其将来自馈线的功率有效地耦合到谐振器中，并且不需要端子阻抗。调制器可以由被设计为抑制长距离高功率光纤链路中的受激布里渊散射（SBS）的RF信号来驱动，诸如用于传输模拟CATV信号的光纤链路。调制器也可用于去光偏振光信号。环形谐振器包括位于调制器的有源区域之外的部分，以便提供节省空间的结构。环形谐振器可以包括被调谐以在与输入RF驱动信号匹配的一个或多个频率处提供谐振的一个或多个同轴电缆部分。由公共RF / DC偏置信号驱动的预啁啾相位调制器和强度调制器还通过消除对单独的DC偏置电极的需要而提供空间和功率有效的结构。与其他可调啁啾装置相比，不需要对强度调制器的两个分支进行预失真。集成电光器件包括共振增强的调制器，预啁啾调制器和串联布置并在公共衬底中制造的强度调制器。

10. 发明授权

US5644665A Multi-octave, high dynamic range operation of low-biased modulators by balanced detection 失效
标题翻译：通过平衡检测，可实现低偏置调制器的多倍频程，高动态范围运行
公开(公告)号：US5644665A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-01
申请号：US508119
申请日：1995-07-27
申请人： William K. Burns , Robert P. Moeller , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
发明人： William K. Burns , Robert P. Moeller , Ganesh K. Gopalakrishnan
IPC分类号： G02F1/03 , G02F1/035
CPC分类号： G02F1/0327 , G02F2203/19
摘要： An optical link is disclosed that is operated by a balanced detection technique so as to extend its linear dynamic range, yet substantially eliminate even-order harmonic distortion of the modulated signal. The modulator comprises two parallel arranged Mach-Zehnder interferometers that respectively have a steady state DC voltage bias applied so that the operating points of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are selected to produce two separate modulated signals, one of which is later phase shifted by a phase shift device so as to provide an output that is combined with the other modulated signal in such a manner so as to cause a subtraction, leaving the final output signal substantially free of any unwanted even-order harmonic components in order to provide for a multi-octave response characteristic.
摘要翻译：公开了一种通过平衡检测技术操作以便扩展其线性动态范围但基本上消除调制信号的偶次谐波失真的光链路。调制器包括两个平行布置的马赫 - 曾德干涉仪，分别具有施加的稳态直流电压偏压，使得马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪的工作点被选择以产生两个分离的调制信号，其中一个后来被相位相移以提供与其他调制信号组合的输出，以便产生减法，从而使最终输出信号基本上没有任何不需要的偶次谐波分量，八度响应特性。

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