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1. 发明授权

US06570612B1 System and method for color normalization of board images 有权
标题翻译：板图像颜色归一化的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06570612B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US09158443
申请日：1998-09-21
申请人： Eric Saund , David H. Marimont
发明人： Eric Saund , David H. Marimont
IPC分类号： H04N5225
CPC分类号： H04N9/3147 , H04N1/3876 , H04N1/56 , H04N9/12
摘要： A system and method are provided to normalize colors in an image of a board surface so as to eliminate effects of variable illumination, and in the case of mosaic images, to eliminate visible seams between tiles. Each pixel is classified as foreground or background, where foreground pixels contain ink marks. An efficient smoothing process estimates the ideal background color of all pixels, including the foreground pixels. The estimated background color is used to normalize each pixel's color such that in the final image, artifacts arising from camera gain and uneven lighting of the board surface are eliminated.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于对板表面的图像中的颜色进行归一化，以消除可变照明的影响，并且在马赛克图像的情况下，消除瓷砖之间的可见接缝。每个像素被分类为前景或背景，其中前景像素包含墨迹。有效的平滑处理可以估计所有像素的理想背景颜色，包括前景像素。估计的背景颜色用于标准化每个像素的颜色，使得在最终图像中，消除了由相机增益引起的伪影和电路板表面的不均匀照明。

2. 发明授权

US5751852A Image structure map data structure for spatially indexing an imgage 失效
标题翻译：图像结构图数据结构，用于空间索引一个行李
公开(公告)号：US5751852A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US639606
申请日：1996-04-29
申请人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
发明人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
IPC分类号： G06T5/00 , G06T11/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/50 , G06K9/4638 , G06K9/48 , G06T11/00 , G06T7/0083 , G06T2207/10008 , G06T2207/30176
摘要： A data structure representation of an original image called an image structure map (ISM) accurately, compactly and explicitly represents the geometry, topology and signal properties of regions in an original image. In mathematical terms, the ISM is a partition of the original image induced by a set of image region boundaries. The ISM data structure includes, for each region in the original image, a region data item that indicates the region boundary data items that form the region and a signal property descriptor indicating the value of signals computed for or assigned to the region. Region boundary data items represent image region boundaries that are determined to occur in the original image as a result of analyzing signal properties of original image locations. Vertices (endpoints and intersections) of region boundary data items are represented in the ISM in machine representable values that result from modifying infinite precision vertex values using a rounding operation that mathematically ensures topological and geometric consistency with the original image. The image structure map includes a spatial image indexing data structure in the form of hierarchy of partitions of the original image of varying levels of detail that allows for efficient point location. An illustrated implementation of the data structure has the form of a vertical cell decomposition. The ISM may be implemented to permit dynamic modifications so that changes to regions resulting from the insertion or deletion of new or changed region boundaries may be made without recomputing the entire ISM.
摘要翻译：称为图像结构图（ISM）的原始图像的数据结构表示准确，紧凑且明确地表示原始图像中的区域的几何，拓扑和信号特性。在数学上，ISM是由一组图像区域边界引起的原始图像的分区。对于原始图像中的每个区域，ISM数据结构包括指示形成区域的区域边界数据项的区域数据项和指示为该区域计算或分配给该区域的信号的值的信号属性描述符。区域边界数据项表示作为分析原始图像位置的信号特性的结果而被确定发生在原始图像中的图像区域边界。区域边界数据项的顶点（端点和交叉点）在ISM中以机器可表示的值表示，这是通过使用数学确保与原始图像的拓扑和几何一致性的舍入操作来修改无限精度顶点值而产生的。图像结构图包括允许有效点位置的不同等级细节的原始图像的分层的层次形式的空间图像索引数据结构。数据结构的说明性实现具有垂直小区分解的形式。可以实施ISM以允许动态修改，使得可以在不重新计算整个ISM的情况下对由于插入或删除新的或改变的区域边界而导致的区域的改变。

3. 发明授权

US5835099A Representing a region of a color image using a space-color separable model 失效
标题翻译：使用空间 - 颜色可分离模型表示彩色图像的区域
公开(公告)号：US5835099A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US670978
申请日：1996-06-26
申请人： David H. Marimont
发明人： David H. Marimont
IPC分类号： H04N1/60 , G06T1/00 , G06T11/00 , G06T11/20 , G06T11/60 , G06T15/00 , G09G5/36 , H04N1/46
CPC分类号： G06T11/001
摘要： A representation of a color image region is called a space-color separable (SCS) model because the spatial structure of the image region is represented separately from that of the color-space structure. The representation uses two functions, one to represent the region's spatial structure and another to represent its color-space structure. In one implementation, the spatial structure is represented by polynomials of arbitrary degree to map image locations to the parameter values of the color-space model which in turn maps these parameter values to a zero-, one-, two-, or three-dimensional linear subspace of color space. The representation is resolution-independent and can accommodate both transformations of image coordinates and transformation of color coordinates. In particular, the polynomial-linear implementation can easily accommodate both affine transformations of image coordinates and linear transformations of color coordinates. This flexibility makes it useful for a variety of applications in illustration and image editing systems. The invention combines several features: representing smooth shading or textures in color images; separating the spatial structure of the colors in the image from its color space structure; and enabling transformations of images and their colors by transforming the SCS model itself.
摘要翻译：彩色图像区域的表示被称为空间可分离（SCS）模型，因为图像区域的空间结构与颜色空间结构的空间结构分开表示。该表示使用两个函数，一个表示该区域的空间结构，另一个表示其颜色空间结构。在一个实现中，空间结构由任意程度的多项式表示，以将图像位置映射到颜色 - 空间模型的参数值，该颜色空间模型又将这些参数值映射到零，一维，二维或三维色空间的线性子空间。该表示是独立于分辨率的，并且可以适应图像坐标的变换和颜色坐标的变换。特别地，多项式线性实现可以容易地适应图像坐标的两种仿射变换和颜色坐标的线性变换。这种灵活性使其可用于图示和图像编辑系统中的各种应用。本发明结合了几个特征：表示彩色图像中的平滑阴影或纹理; 将图像中的颜色的空间结构与其颜色空间结构分离; 并通过转换SCS模型本身来实现图像及其颜色的转换。

4. 发明授权

US5748197A Dynamic computation of a line segment arrangement using finite precision arithmetic for use in a processor controlled system 失效
标题翻译：使用有限精度算术对处理器控制系统中的线段布置进行动态计算
公开(公告)号：US5748197A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US581669
申请日：1995-12-29
申请人： Leonidas John Guibas , David H. Marimont
发明人： Leonidas John Guibas , David H. Marimont
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06T3/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/00
摘要： The present invention produces a data structure that indicates a partition of a given input set of line segments in a plane using a technique that is mathematically robust, canonical and dynamic. The technique is robust because it assumes a finite precision model of computer arithmetic and rounds the endpoints and intersections of all line segments to representable points in a way that is globally topologically consistent with the input set of line segments and that keeps the position of each rounded line segment close to the position of the input segment. The technique is canonical because the output partition produced is a function of the set of segments currently present only, and not of the history of insertion and deletions. This canonical aspect of the technique is facilitated by storing the input unrounded line segments in the partition data structure so that they are associated with their rounded fragments. The technique is dynamic because input unrounded line segments may be incrementally added to and deleted from the data structure representation of the partition without recomputing the entire partition for each change. An illustrated implementation of the technique uses a randomized incremental approach that produces a partition having the form of a vertical cell decomposition.
摘要翻译：本发明产生一种数据结构，其使用在数学上稳健，规范和动态的技术来指示平面中给定输入的线段集合的分区。该技术是强大的，因为它假设有计算机算术的有限精度模型，并将所有线段的端点和交点以与线段的输入集合全局拓扑一致的方式舍入到可表示点，并保持每个圆形的位置线段接近输入段的位置。该技术是规范的，因为产生的输出分区是当前仅存在的段的功能，而不是插入和删除的历史。通过将输入的未包围的线段存储在分区数据结构中使得它们与其圆形分段相关联，便于该技术的这个规范方面。该技术是动态的，因为输入的未包围的线段可以被递增地添加到分区的数据结构表示中并从其中删除，而不重新计算每个改变的整个分区。该技术的示例性实现使用产生具有垂直小区分解形式的分区的随机增量方法。

5. 发明授权

US5809179A Producing a rendered image version of an original image using an image structure map representation of the image 失效
标题翻译：使用图像的图像结构图表示形成原始图像的渲染图像版本
公开(公告)号：US5809179A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US660058
申请日：1996-05-31
申请人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
发明人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
IPC分类号： G06T5/00 , G06T17/00 , G06K9/40
CPC分类号： G06T7/0083 , G06T17/00
摘要： The invention automatically produces a rendered image version of an original image that accurately represents perceptually distinguishable objects, surfaces and edges in the original image. The original image is first converted to a unique data structure representation called an image structure map (ISM) that accurately, compactly and explicitly represents the geometry, topology and signal properties of perceptually distinguishable regions in the original image. The ISM is a dynamic partition of the image induced by a set of image region boundaries, and includes, for each region in the original image, a region data item that indicates the region boundary data items that form the region and a signal property descriptor indicating the value of signals computed for image locations in the region. An automatic segmentation operation determines image region boundaries occurring in the original image by analyzing discontinuities in signal values of original image locations. The topology of the rendered image version is accurate because vertices (endpoints and intersections) of image region boundaries are represented in the ISM in machine representable values that result from modifying exact vertex values using a rounding operation that mathematically ensures topological and geometric consistency with the original image. The method is particularly useful for producing rendered image versions of full color, continuous tone photographic images, and for producing line drawings of such images. The ISM representation of an image is, in most cases, more compact than its original raster form, and serves as a useful representation for archiving the image.
摘要翻译：本发明自动产生原始图像的渲染图像版本，其准确地表示原始图像中感知上可区分的对象，表面和边缘。原始图像首先转换为称为图像结构图（ISM）的唯一数据结构表示，该图形结构图（ISM）准确，紧凑且明确地表示原始图像中感知区分区域的几何，拓扑和信号特性。 ISM是由一组图像区域边界引起的图像的动态分区，并且对于原始图像中的每个区域包括指示形成该区域的区域边界数据项的区域数据项，以及指示为区域中图像位置计算的信号的值。自动分割操作通过分析原始图像位置的信号值中的不连续性来确定原始图像中出现的图像区域边界。渲染图像版本的拓扑是准确的，因为图像区域边界的顶点（端点和交叉点）在ISM中以机器可表示的值表示，这是通过使用数学确定与原始的拓扑和几何一致性的舍入操作来修改精确顶点值图片。该方法对于生成全色，连续色调摄影图像的渲染图像版本以及用于生成这样的图像的线条图特别有用。在大多数情况下，图像的ISM表示比其原始光栅格式更紧凑，并且用作归档图像的有用表示。

6. 发明授权

US5710877A User-directed interaction with an image structure map representation of an image 失效
标题翻译：与图像的图像结构图表示的用户导向的交互
公开(公告)号：US5710877A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-20
申请号：US581660
申请日：1995-12-29
申请人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
发明人： David H. Marimont , Leonidas John Guibas
IPC分类号： G06T11/80 , G06T11/00 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/00
摘要： A data structure representation of an image called an image structure map (ISM) accurately and explicitly represents the geometry, topology and signal properties of regions in an original image and allows for efficient and accurate spatial indexing of the image and those regions. The ISM may serve as the basis for an image interaction system in which a user interacts with a rendered view of an original image that is produced from the ISM data structure. The rendered view of the original image represents the geometry and topology of the original image as represented in the ISM. The user interacts with the rendered view to make alterations to, or to query, the structures in the ISM. The user may also modify the ISM by interacting directly with a displayed view of the original image. The user may further invoke automatic operations to be performed using the original image data structure that produce image region data, such as signal property descriptors and boundary data, that may be used to modify the ISM. An image interaction system implemented in this manner takes full advantage of automatic computation methods to capture the geometric and topological properties of an image while permitting a user to employ human perceptual skills to augment the automatic operations. An illustrated implementation of the system uses an ISM having the form of a vertical cell decomposition that is mathematically robust, topologically consistent with the original image and is able to be modified dynamically--that is, without recomputing the entire ISM when a change is made.
摘要翻译：称为图像结构图（ISM）的图像的数据结构表示准确和明确地表示原始图像中的区域的几何，拓扑和信号特性，并且允许图像和那些区域的有效和准确的空间索引。 ISM可以用作图像交互系统的基础，其中用户与从ISM数据结构生成的原始图像的渲染视图进行交互。原始图像的渲染视图表示在ISM中表示的原始图像的几何形状和拓扑。用户与呈现的视图进行交互以对ISM中的结构进行更改或查询。用户还可以通过与原始图像的显示视图直接交互来修改ISM。用户还可以使用产生可用于修改ISM的图像区域数据（例如信号属性描述符和边界数据）的原始图像数据结构来调用要执行的自动操作。以这种方式实现的图像交互系统充分利用自动计算方法来捕获图像的几何和拓扑属性，同时允许用户使用人类感知技能来增加自动操作。所示系统的实现使用具有数学上鲁棒的垂直小区分解形式的ISM，其与原始图像拓扑一致，并且能够被动态地修改，即，当进行改变时不重新计算整个ISM。

7. 发明授权

US5684885A Binary glyph codes based on color relationships 失效
标题翻译：基于颜色关系的二进制字形代码
公开(公告)号：US5684885A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US534521
申请日：1995-09-27
申请人： Todd A. Cass , David H. Marimont
发明人： Todd A. Cass , David H. Marimont
IPC分类号： G06K1/12 , G06K19/06 , G09C5/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K7/143 , G06K19/06018
摘要： Binary digital data is rendered on a surface, such as a sheet of paper, by printing a series of color patches on the sheet, with the 1 bits rendered as color patches of a first color and the 0 bits rendered as color patches of the second color. The color patches are arranged in a predetermined order along an axis on the surface. The second color relates to the first color by a fixed relationship in color space, whereby the absolute values of the first and second colors are immaterial to a detecting apparatus. The color patches can be intermixed with areas of a third color, the third color representing an average in color space of the first color and the second color.
摘要翻译：二进制数字数据通过在纸张上打印一系列色块而在表面（例如一张纸）上呈现，其中1位呈现为第一颜色的色块，并且将作为第二颜色的色块呈现的0位颜色。色标沿着表面上的轴以预定顺序排列。第二种颜色通过颜色空间中的固定关系涉及第一颜色，由此第一和第二颜色的绝对值对于检测装置是无关紧要的。色块可以与第三颜色的区域混合，第三颜色表示第一颜色和第二颜色的颜色空间中的平均值。

8. 发明授权

US5384901A Method of rendering a color image for an output medium from symbolic image data 失效
标题翻译：从符号图像数据呈现输出介质的彩色图像的方法
公开(公告)号：US5384901A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US965685
申请日：1992-10-22
申请人： Andrew S. Glassner , David H. Marimont , Maureen C. Stone
发明人： Andrew S. Glassner , David H. Marimont , Maureen C. Stone
IPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G06T11/00 , G06F15/20
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , H04N1/6058
摘要： A method of rendering a color image on a designated output medium is disclosed which maps colors to the gamut of the designated output medium while preserving the semantic consistency of the object color and illumination information in the image. The method performs gamut mapping earlier in the image synthesis process than current gamut method methods, at the point where information about object primitives and their spectral attributes in a scene description is available, but after the fixed scene geometry has been determined by the rendering system. The method makes use of the output of a symbolic rendering system which produces symbolic pixel expressions, having basis spectra variables which represent the interplay of light and object primitives in the scene description, and spectral data having color information about the light and object primitives in the scene, and which is indexed to the basis spectra variables. The method performs spectral change calculations using the symbolic pixel expressions, the spectral data, and spectral information about the gamut of the specific output medium to determine the modifications to the original spectral data that need to be made to the individual object primitives in the scene in order to produce image pixel colors which are in the gamut of the output medium. The resulting image colors are locally and globally consistent with the semantics of the image, make effective use of as much of the available gamut of the display device as is possible, and require no further post-rendering gamut mapping prior to display or reproduction on the designated medium.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在指定的输出介质上呈现彩色图像的方法，其将颜色映射到指定的输出介质的色域，同时保持图像中的对象颜色和照明信息的语义一致性。该方法在图像合成过程中比当前的色域方法方法更早地执行色域映射，在场景描述中关于对象图元及其光谱属性的信息可用，但在渲染系统确定了固定场景几何之后。该方法利用产生符号像素表达式的符号渲染系统的输出，其具有表示场景描述中的光和对象图元的相互作用的基本光谱变量，以及具有关于光和对象原语的颜色信息的光谱数据场景，并将其索引到基础光谱变量。该方法使用符号像素表达式，光谱数据和关于特定输出介质的色域的光谱信息来执行光谱变化计算，以确定对需要对场景中的各个对象图元进行的原始光谱数据的修改以产生处于输出介质的色域的图像像素颜色。所得到的图像颜色在本地和全局上与图像的语义一致，有效地使用尽可能多的显示设备的可用色域，并且在显示或再现之前不需要进一步的后渲染色域映射指定介质。

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