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    • 2. 发明授权
    • High fidelity vibratory source seismic method with source separation
    • 高保真振动源地震方法与源分离
    • US5721710A
    • 1998-02-24
    • US717176
    • 1996-09-20
    • John J. SallasDennis CorriganKenneth Paul Allen
    • John J. SallasDennis CorriganKenneth Paul Allen
    • G01V1/37G01V1/28
    • G01V1/375G01V2210/127G01V2210/26
    • A method of separating the effects of the earth response on vibratory energy from individual ones of multiple vibrators to geophones, in generating a seismic survey, is disclosed. According to the disclosed method, measurements of the actual vibrations generated at the source are made, in addition to the geophone measurements of the refracted and reflected vibrations, both over a number of frequency sweeps. The source and geophone vibrations are first transformed into frequency domain representations, by way of Discrete Fourier Transforms. An inverse matrix of the recorded frequency-domain source vibrations is then generated for each frequency. When the number of sweeps equals the number of vibrators, the inverse matrix is merely the multiplicative inverse of the source measurements; if the number of sweeps exceeds the number of vibrators, the inverse matrix is the generalized inverse of the original matrix. The inverse matrix for the frequency is applied to the recorded geophone vibrations at that frequency, to derive the transfer function, corresponding to the earth response, for each vibrator-geophone path in the survey. A weighting factor may be used to discount the effects of poorly behaved sweeps, and may be based on the ratio of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues for the inverse matrix. Using these derived transfer functions, an earth reflectivity function may be derived for each vibrator-geophone path by applying a minimum phase filter to the separated vibrator-geophone transfer function over frequency; this filter removes the effects of a ##EQU1## term, and yields the earth reflectivity function for the path.
    • 公开了一种在产生地震勘测中将地球响应对多个振动器中各个振动器的振动能量的影响分离到地震检波器的方法。 根据所公开的方法,除了对多个频率扫描之外的折射和反射振动的地震检波器测量之外,还进行在源处产生的实际振动的测量。 源和地震检波器振动首先通过离散傅里叶变换转换为频域表示。 然后,针对每个频率产生记录的频域源振动的逆矩阵。 当扫描次数等于振动器的数量时,逆矩阵仅仅是源测量的乘法逆; 如果扫描次数超过振动器的数量,则逆矩阵是原始矩阵的广义逆。 用于频率的逆矩阵被应用于在该频率处的记录的地震检波器振动,以导出与测量中的每个振动器 - 地震检波器路径对应的地球响应的传递函数。 可以使用加权因子来折现表现不佳的扫描的影响,并且可以基于逆矩阵的最大和最小特征值的比率。 使用这些导出的传递函数,可以通过对频率上分离的振动器 - 地震检波器传递函数应用最小相位滤波器来为每个振动器 - 地震检波器路径导出地球反射率函数; 该滤波器去除了项的影响,并产生路径的地球反射率函数。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for seismic survey including using vertical
gradient estimation to separate downgoing seismic wavefield
    • 地震勘测方法和装置,包括使用垂直梯度估计来分离下行的地震波场
    • US5051961A
    • 1991-09-24
    • US427691
    • 1989-10-26
    • Dennis CorriganArthur B. WegleinDavid D. Thompson
    • Dennis CorriganArthur B. WegleinDavid D. Thompson
    • G01V1/36
    • G01V1/364G01V2210/56
    • A vertical gradient estimation technique is used to separate downgoing seismic ghost wavefields. The upgoing reflected seismic wavefield, allows the ghost wavefield to be attenuated to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The vertical gradient estimation technique is applicable to both marine seismic surveying using towed hydrophones, and to land seismic surveying using buried geophones. The technique allows the vertical signal gradient to be estimated from seismic signals measured at a single depth, and is based on a relationship between the measured seismic signals, and the source signature and the Green's function for the survey media. The technique involves determning (20) the source signature for the seismic source, and determining (21) the Green's function for the survey media. Seismic signals are then measured (22). These data are then processed to estimate (24) the vertical signal gradient as a function of source signature, Green's function and the measured seismic signals. Once the vertical signal gradient is estimated, it can be used in processing the measured seismic signals to separate and attenuate (26) the downgoing ghost component of the measured seismic signals.
    • 使用垂直梯度估计技术来分离下行地震重影波场。 上行反射的地震波场,允许鬼波场衰减,以提高信噪比。 垂直梯度估计技术适用于使用拖曳水听器的海洋地震勘测,以及使用埋地震检波器进行地震勘测。 该技术允许从在单个深度测量的地震信号估计垂直信号梯度,并且基于所测量的地震信号与源特征与测量介质的格林函数之间的关系。 该技术涉及确定(20)震源的源签名,并确定(21)绿色调查媒体的功能。 然后测量地震信号(22)。 然后处理这些数据以估计(24)垂直信号梯度作为源特征,格林函数和测量的地震信号的函数。 一旦估计了垂直信号梯度,它可以用于处理测量的地震信号以分离和衰减(26)测量的地震信号的下行重影分量。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method and system for eliminating ghost reflections from ocean bottom
cable seismic survey signals
    • 从海底电缆地震勘测信号中消除鬼影反射的方法和系统
    • US5696734A
    • 1997-12-09
    • US640089
    • 1996-04-30
    • Dennis Corrigan
    • Dennis Corrigan
    • G01V1/36G01V1/38G01V1/24
    • G01V1/3808G01V1/364G01V2210/56
    • A computer system and method for eliminating the effects of ghost reflections from marine seismic survey traces obtained via ocean bottom cables are disclosed. Dual sensors are used in the ocean bottom cables, to obtain both pressure and velocity traces. The disclosed method combines, in a common receiver gather, the corresponding pressure and velocity traces for each source-receiver path using several values of a scalar value that serves as a weighting factor. Conventional corrections and filtering, including spiking deconvolution, are applied to the combined traces, and the combined traces for each value of the scalar are stacked over a limited offset range. Autocorrelation and other spectral techniques may be applied to identify the residuals of the ghost reflections using each of the multiple scalar values; the optimal value may then be selected, for each common receiver gather, as that which has the minimum ghost reflection residuals. The combined traces for each common receiver gather are then used in conventional survey generation.
    • 公开了一种用于消除通过海底电缆获得的海洋地震勘测痕迹的鬼反射影响的计算机系统和方法。 在海底电缆中使用双传感器,以获得压力和速度迹线。 所公开的方法在普通的接收机集合中,使用用作加权因子的标量值的若干值来组合每个源 - 接收机路径的相应压力和速度迹线。 传统的校正和滤波(包括尖峰反褶积)被应用于组合迹线,并且标量的每个值的组合迹线在有限的偏移范围内堆叠。 可以应用自相关和其他光谱技术来使用多个标量值中的每一个来识别鬼影反射的残差; 然后,对于每个公共接收机集合,可以选择最佳值,作为具有最小重影反射残差的最佳值。 然后在常规测量生成中使用每个公共接收器集合的组合轨迹。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Filtering of overburden azimuthal anisotropy effects from 3D seismic
survey signals
    • 从三维地震勘测信号过滤覆盖层方位角各向异性效应
    • US6061301A
    • 2000-05-09
    • US885384
    • 1997-06-30
    • Dennis Corrigan
    • Dennis Corrigan
    • G01V1/36G01V1/00
    • G01V1/36G01V2210/52G01V2210/586
    • A method and system for correcting seismic survey signals for separating and correcting for the effects of azimuthal anisotropy caused by the overburden, rather than the subsurface reflectivity, is disclosed. Following an initial estimate and normal moveout correction of the traces in a common midpoint gather, analytical traces are generated for coefficient series corresponding to zero-offset travel time response and to the azimuthal anisotropy, over the corrected gather. The quadrature-phase component of the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient series relative to the zero-offset travel time coefficient series indicates the effects of overburden azimuthal anisotropy, while the in-phase component indicates the effects of azimuthal anisotropy from subsurface reflective interfaces. Additional normal moveout correction to correct for the overburden azimuthal anisotropy may then be performed.
    • 公开了一种用于校正地震测量信号的方法和系统,用于分离和校正由上覆岩层引起的方位角各向异性的影响,而不是地下反射率。 在公共中点集合中的初始估计和迹线的正常偏移校正之后,针对对应于零偏移行进时间响应的系数系数和在校正集合上的方位各向异性生成分析迹线。 相对于零偏移行进时间系数序列的方位各向异性系数序列的正交相位分量表示上覆层方位各向异性的影响,同相分量表示来自地下反射界面的方位各向异性的影响。 然后可以执行用于校正覆盖层方位角各向异性的额外的正常偏移校正。