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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Hot gas bypass defrosting system
    • 热气旁路除霜系统
    • US5065584A
    • 1991-11-19
    • US559484
    • 1990-07-30
    • Dean G. ByczynskiWilliam A. Reed
    • Dean G. ByczynskiWilliam A. Reed
    • F25B47/02F25D21/00
    • F25D21/008F25B47/022
    • A refrigeration system including a compressor, condenser, capillary tube and evaporator includes a hot gas bypass defrosting capability provided by a bypass means around the capillary tube. Defrosting is achieved by the use of hot, uncondensed refrigerant, without requiring a reversal of the flow of refrigerant through the system. An exemplary bypass means includes a solenoid valve and associated tubing to form an alternate, low restriction path for the refrigerant to bypass the capillary tube. When the solenoid valve is closed, refrigerant is forced through the capillary tube for normal refrigeration. However, when the solenoid valve is open, condensation of refrigerant in the condenser is inhibited, and hot refrigerant gas is delivered directly to the evaporator for defrosting. The solenoid valve is controlled in response to the total accumulated running time of the compressor for improved control of the defrosting cycles.
    • 包括压缩机,冷凝器,毛细管和蒸发器的制冷系统包括由毛细管周围的旁路装置提供的热气旁路除霜能力。 除霜是通过使用热的未冷凝的制冷剂来实现的,而不需要通过系统逆转制冷剂的流动。 示例性的旁路装置包括电磁阀和相关联的管道,以形成用于制冷剂绕过毛细管的交替的低限制路径。 当电磁阀关闭时,制冷剂被迫通过毛细管进行正常制冷。 然而,当电磁阀打开时,制冷剂在冷凝器中的冷凝被抑制,并且热的制冷剂气体被直接输送到蒸发器以进行除霜。 响应于压缩机的总累计运行时间控制电磁阀,以改善除霜循环的控制。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Method for retorting particulate solids having recoverable volatile
constituents in a rotating horizontal chamber
    • 在旋转水平室中蒸馏具有可回收的挥发性成分的颗粒固体的方法
    • US4477331A
    • 1984-10-16
    • US495423
    • 1983-05-17
    • Leland M. ReedWilliam A. ReedWalter C. Saeman
    • Leland M. ReedWilliam A. ReedWalter C. Saeman
    • C10B53/06C10G1/02F23G5/20F23G5/46C10G1/00
    • F23B1/32C10G1/02F23G5/20F23G5/46F23G2209/12F23G2209/24
    • A method and apparatus is disclosed for retorting particulate solid materials, particularly hydrocarbon-containing materials such as oil shale, oil sands, tar sands, coal shale, coal tailings, and the like, for the recovery of a volatile constituent such as oil or gas. A rotary retorting apparatus is employed which consists of a cylindrical drum, or other similar regularly shaped chamber, with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation and having multiple compartments for retorting and combustion and, optionally, spent solids cooling. The apparatus further includes solids transport chutes for forward and backward circulation of solids, arranged for the intercompartmental transfer of solids with the capability of additions at one or more points in each compartment. Employing the method and apparatus, particulate solids feedstock is heated by recycled spent solids material to remove the volatile constituent of the feedstock in the retort section. Another feature of the invention employs direct solids-to-gas contact established by lifting and cascading reacting solids through hot gas streams such that throughput, high thermal efficiency, low energy input, among other advantages, are obtained in producing high yields of volatile product. In particular, high oil yields and gas yields are obtained when processing oil shale, but with low sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides in the flue gases and reduced hydrogen sulfide in the retort gases.
    • 公开了用于蒸馏颗粒状固体材料,特别是含烃材料如油页岩,油砂,焦油砂,煤页岩,煤尾矿等的方法和装置,用于回收挥发性成分如油或气体 。 旋转式蒸煮设备由圆柱形滚筒或其它类似的规则形状的腔室组成,具有基本上水平的旋转轴线,并且具有用于蒸馏和燃烧的多个隔间,以及任选的废固体冷却。 该设备还包括用于固体的正向和反向循环的固体输送滑槽,其被布置用于在每个隔间中的一个或多个点处具有添加能力的固体的间隔间转移。 使用该方法和装置,通过再循环的废固体材料来加热颗粒状固体原料,以除去蒸馏段中原料的挥发性成分。 本发明的另一个特征是通过将固体通过热气流提升和级联来建立的直接的固体 - 气体接触,从而在产生高产率的挥发性产物方面获得了高产量,高热效率,低能量输入等优点。 特别地,当处理油页岩时,获得高油产量和产气量,但是在硫酸气体中,硫氧化物,烟道气中的氮氧化物和还原的硫化氢中都有这些产率。