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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Optimization of survey coordinate transformations
    • 调查坐标变换优化
    • US5614913A
    • 1997-03-25
    • US476844
    • 1995-06-07
    • Mark NicholsKenneth W. McBrideIan VineyArthur TaylorRichard JacksonJohn F. Schipper
    • Mark NicholsKenneth W. McBrideIan VineyArthur TaylorRichard JacksonJohn F. Schipper
    • G01C15/00G01C21/00G01S19/04G01S19/09G01S19/46G01S5/02
    • G01C15/00G01C21/00
    • A system for selecting an optimal transformation T(G2;G1) between a first ellipsoid E1 (e.g., WGS 84) in a first global coordinate system G1, relative to which the survey measurements are made, and a second ellipsoid E2 in a second global coordinate system G2. A set of location coordinates (x'.sub.m,2, y'.sub.m,2,z'.sub.m,2) for M previously-surveyed locations, numbered m=1, . . . , M, and a set of location coordinates (x'.sub.n,1, y'.sub.n,1,z'.sub.n,1) for N presently-surveyed locations, numbered n=1, . . . , N (M.ltoreq.N) are provided, where the first M presently-surveyed locations coincide with the M previously-surveyed locations. The transformation is chosen so that the images of the location coordinates (x'.sub.n,1,y'.sub.n,1, z'.sub.n,1) for n=1, . . . , M under T(G2;G1) are as close as possible to the corresponding location coordinates (x'.sub.m,2,y'.sub.m,2, z'.sub.m,2) for m=1, . . . , M. Given an ellipsoid and a selected survey plane .tau.0 that is tangent to the ellipsoid at a selected location, a set of selected locations can be surveyed with reference to the ellipsoid, and the location coordinates of each such surveyed location can be mapped into a corresponding "survey location," defined by reference to a local coordinate system that uses the survey plane .tau.0 as its base. These transformations and projections are determined and optimized in real time, while a surveyor is measuring the presently-surveyed locations in the field. The instruments used for surveying may be part of a location determination system, such as a Global Positioning System, a Global Orbiting Navigational Satellite System or Loran.
    • 一种用于在第一全局坐标系G1中的第一椭球E1(例如,WGS 84)之间选择最佳变换T(G2; G1)的系统,相对于其进行测量测量,第二全局坐标系中的第二椭球E2 坐标系G2。 M个先前测量的位置的一组位置坐标(x'm,2,y'm,2,z'm,2),编号为m = 1。 。 。 ,M,以及一组位置坐标(x'n,1,y'n,1,z'n,1),用于N个当前测量的位置,编号为n = 1。 。 。 ,提供N(M N),其中当前测量的第一M位置与M个先前测量的位置重合。 选择变换使得n = 1的位置坐标(x'n,1,y'n,1,z'n,1)的图像。 。 。 对于m = 1,在T(G2; G1)处的M尽可能接近于相应的位置坐标(x'm,2,y'm,2,z'm,2)。 。 。 给定椭圆体和选定位置处与椭球相切的选择的测量平面tau 0,可以参考椭球来测量一组选定位置,并且可以映射每个这样的测量位置的位置坐标 通过参考使用测量平面tau 0作为其基础的局部坐标系定义相应的“测量位置”。 这些变化和预测是实时确定和优化的,而测量师正在测量现场调查的位置。 用于测量的仪器可能是位置确定系统的一部分,例如全球定位系统,全球轨道导航卫星系统或罗兰。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Geographical position/image digital recording and display system
    • US06282362B1
    • 2001-08-28
    • US08949510
    • 1997-10-10
    • Michael MurphyArthur N. WooMark NicholsJohn Schipper
    • Michael MurphyArthur N. WooMark NicholsJohn Schipper
    • H04N576
    • H04N5/9201H04N1/00323H04N5/772H04N5/781H04N5/85H04N5/907H04N2101/00
    • A geographical position/image capturing system stores object images and position coordinates as digital data. The system incorporates a geo-addressed map data base and geo-positioning device for relating the position of the system at the time the image is captured to the captured digital image data and the geo-addressed map. A point-of-interest feature data base is linked to the image data and the position data, by hyper-media links. Digital multi-media entities such as graphics, video clips, audio streams and the like can be digitally stored and retrieved based on hyper-media links coupling the entities to the object images, the map position and feature data base. A playback unit incorporating an image viewer communicates with the stored digital digital image data, the multi-media entities, the map data base, and the feature data base and allows modified images of selected portions of the images and other data to be viewed by a user. An audio reproduction device may be included to reproduce the audio media entities when they are selected by the appropriate hyper-media link. In one embodiment of the system, the image capturing function and the geo-positioning function are physically remote from the viewing function until the captured data is transferred to the retrieval and playback unit. In another embodiment, the capture functions and playback functions are combined in a compact, hand-held, portable unit for consumer or industrial field use. The images, position data and multi-media entities may be stored as a single, compressed, linked digital data file. The data file is provided with hyper-media connections between the various entities, which connections are actuated by clicking on icons displayed on the viewer, or by actuating buttons or switches provided on the system console. Angular orientation determining device for providing angular orientation data may also be incorporated such that the system angular orientation at the time of image capture may be captured and stored for subsequent retrieval and display.