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1. 发明授权

US6102968A Method for automatically closing open reactive systems 失效
标题翻译：自动关闭开放反应系统的方法
公开(公告)号：US6102968A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US83069
申请日：1998-05-21
申请人： Christopher Colby , Patrice Ismael Godefroid , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan
发明人： Christopher Colby , Patrice Ismael Godefroid , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan
IPC分类号： G06F11/28 , G06F9/45
CPC分类号： G06F8/433
摘要： A unique process, i.e., method, is employed to automatically close an open reactive system. This is realized by employing a unique analysis technique to automatically close the open system by eliminating its interface to its environment. This allows the open system being analyzed to be comprised of either a single sequential process or a set of concurrent processes. The effect of closing the system is to make it executable and amenable to analysis. This is because the resulting closed system simulates the behavior of the original open system in its most general environment. Specifically, this is realized by employing a unique method that transforms an open system into a closed nondeterministic system such that all data values in the open system and its environment that may depend on the behavior of the environment are eliminated in the resulting closed system, and all control-flow choices in the open system and its environment that may depend on these data values are replaced by nondeterministic choices in the closed system. The reactive behavior of the open system and its environment and the resulting closed system, as well as their effect on data values that do not depend on the open system environment, are closely related. For example, every execution of the open system and its environment corresponds to an execution of the resulting closed system that exhibits the same sequence of visible operations and that preserves all data values that do not depend on the open system environment. All deadlocks and all assertion violations in a transition system of the open system and its environment that evaluate only expressions each of whose value does not depend on the open system environment are preserved in a new closed system transition system.
摘要翻译：采用独特的方法，即方法来自动关闭开放反应系统。这是通过采用独特的分析技术来实现的，通过消除其与环境的接口来自动关闭开放系统。这允许被分析的开放系统由单个顺序过程或一组并发过程组成。关闭系统的效果是使其可执行并易于分析。这是因为最终的封闭系统模拟了原始开放系统在最普遍的环境中的行为。具体来说，这是通过采用将开放系统转换成封闭的非确定性系统的独特方法实现的，使得在所产生的封闭系统中消除可能依赖于环境行为的开放系统及其环境中的所有数据值，以及开放系统及其环境中可能依赖于这些数据值的所有控制流选择被封闭系统中的非确定性选择所取代。开放系统及其环境的反应行为以及所产生的封闭系统以及它们对不依赖于开放系统环境的数据值的影响是密切相关的。例如，开放系统及其环境的每次执行都对应于所产生的封闭系统的执行，该系统具有相同的可见操作序列，并且保留不依赖于开放系统环境的所有数据值。开放系统及其环境的转换系统中的所有死锁和所有断言违规只能评估每个值不依赖于开放系统环境的表达式，这些表达式保留在新的封闭系统转换系统中。

2. 发明授权

US06697840B1 Presence awareness in collaborative systems 有权
标题翻译：协作系统中的存在意识
公开(公告)号：US06697840B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-24
申请号：US09515737
申请日：2000-02-29
申请人： Patrice Ismael Godefroid , James David Herbsleb , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Du Li
发明人： Patrice Ismael Godefroid , James David Herbsleb , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Du Li
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： H04L67/24 , H04L29/06
摘要： Presence awareness initiatives are implemented in a collaborative system that enables a user to set presence awareness policies, and that provides a reasonably high assurance that the system will correctly implement those policies. Specifically, the collaborative presence awareness system is such as to enable users to specify complex presence awareness policies. The presence awareness system is also such as to have been verified by employing systematic state-space exploration tools to establish a high level of assurance that the presence awareness system has the capability to implement correctly, substantially all possible presence awareness policies. Further, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, the presence awareness policy specifications are modular relative to the rest of the presence awareness system, and can be modified without having to modify computational modules or user interface program code of the presence awareness system. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a user has the capability to update his or her presence information. In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, the system automatically collects presence information about the user and automatically updates his or her presence information. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, the presence awareness system may use specification-based testing at run-time to monitor whether some users' presence awareness policies have inadvertently been violated, further strengthening the reliability of the system.
摘要翻译：在一个协作系统中实现了存在感知举措，使用户能够设置在线状态感知策略，并提供了相当高的保证，系统将正确地实施这些策略。具体来说，协作存在感知系统使得用户能够指定复杂的存在感知策略。存在感知系统也可以通过采用系统的状态空间探索工具进行验证，以建立高水平的保证，即存在感知系统具有正确实施，基本上所有可能的存在意识策略的能力。此外，根据本发明的另一方面，存在感知策略规范相对于其余的存在感知系统是模块化的，并且可以被修改而不必修改存在感知系统的计算模块或用户界面程序代码。根据本发明的另一方面，用户具有更新他或她的存在信息的能力。根据本发明的另一方面，系统自动收集关于用户的存在信息并自动更新他或她的存在信息。根据本发明的另一方面，存在感知系统可以在运行时使用基于规范的测试来监视某些用户的存在感知策略是否被无意中被违反，进一步加强了系统的可靠性。

3. 发明授权

US06609089B1 Method and apparatus for providing interactive services with multiple interfaces 有权
公开(公告)号：US06609089B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-19
申请号：US09386093
申请日：1999-08-30
申请人： Thomas J. Ball , Peter John Danielsen , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Konstantin Laufer , Peter Andrew Mataga , Kenneth G. Rehor
发明人： Thomas J. Ball , Peter John Danielsen , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Konstantin Laufer , Peter Andrew Mataga , Kenneth G. Rehor
IPC分类号： G06F1727
CPC分类号： G06F9/542 , G06F9/451
摘要： Interactive services with multiple interfaces are realized by employing a modular approach to their implementation. Such an approach facilitates supporting natural language understanding interaction with users through use of interfaces that at least allow the user to provide information beyond what is currently being requested by the service, and/or different ordering of inputs, and/or incomplete information, and/or correction of information, and/or the return of control to prior points in the service. This is realized, in an embodiment of the invention, by employing an interactive service logic that uses “reactive constraint graphs”, i.e., a form of event-driven graph in which nodes contain constraints on events, in conjunction with a service monitor. The service monitor manages the communication between the service logic and the multiple user interfaces. As such it provides a communication mechanism in the form of a so-called “look ahead” in which the user can input information beyond what is currently required by the interactive service. Specifically, in each round of user interaction, reactive constraint graphs report to the service monitor the set of events that are currently enabled. These enabled events correspond to the information the interactive service is currently requesting (or ready to accept) from a user. The user interfaces collect information (perhaps beyond this set) from the user and send it to the service monitor. The service monitor then matches the received information against the information requested by the service logic, and sends the information one event at a time to the service logic, in a priority order specified by the service provider. After each event is sent to the service logic from the service monitor, the service logic reports its new set of enabled events back to the service monitor. In turn, the service monitor sends another event that matches the enabled events to the service logic. The service monitor then notifies the user interfaces to send a new collection, i.e., set, of information from the individual users only when no current information matches the enabled events. This approach advantageously allows a user to input information beyond what is currently needed by the interactive service.

4. 发明授权

US06701294B1 User interface for translating natural language inquiries into database queries and data presentations 有权
公开(公告)号：US06701294B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US09487684
申请日：2000-01-19
申请人： Thomas J. Ball , Kenneth Charles Cox , Rebecca Elizabeth Grinter , Stacie Lynn Hibino , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , David Alejandro Mantilla
发明人： Thomas J. Ball , Kenneth Charles Cox , Rebecca Elizabeth Grinter , Stacie Lynn Hibino , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , David Alejandro Mantilla
IPC分类号： G06F1728
CPC分类号： G06F17/30392 , G06F17/30401 , G06F17/30554
摘要： A natural language-based interface data presentation system interfaces, for example, information visualization system interfaces, is realized by employing so-called open-ended natural language inquiries to the interface that translates them into database queries and a set of information to be provided to a user. More specifically, a natural language inquiry is translated to database queries by determining if any complete database queries can be formulated based on the natural language inquiry and, if so, specifying which complete database queries are to be made. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, knowledge of the information visualization presentation is advantageously employed in the interface to guide a user in response to the user's natural language inquiries. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, knowledge of the database and knowledge of the information visualization presentation are advantageously employed in the interface to guide a user in response to the user's natural language inquiries. In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, knowledge of the database, knowledge of the information visualization presentation and context information about the query dialogue are advantageously employed in the interface to guide a user in response to the user's natural language inquiries. In one or more first prescribed embodiments of the invention, the set of data presentation information can be in audio, visual, or both audio-visual form. In one or more other prescribed embodiments of the invention, the inquiry and data presentation information delivery process can be interactive between the user and the interface. In one or more still other prescribed embodiments of the invention, one or more modes of user-interface interaction can be utilized. These modes of interaction can include text, speech, point and click, or the like.

5. 发明授权

US07299257B2 Apparatus and method for use in collaboration services 有权
标题翻译：用于协作服务的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US07299257B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-20
申请号：US09886791
申请日：2001-06-21
申请人： David Gray Boyer , James Owen Coplien , Rebecca Elizabeth Grinter , Randy L. Hackbarth , James David Herbsleb , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Peter Andrew Mataga , Graham John Wills
发明人： David Gray Boyer , James Owen Coplien , Rebecca Elizabeth Grinter , Randy L. Hackbarth , James David Herbsleb , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Peter Andrew Mataga , Graham John Wills
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04M3/42374 , G06Q10/107 , H04M3/42093 , H04M3/4211 , H04M3/42365
摘要： A ConnectIcon View is employed to establish collaborative communications between a plurality of participants in a group. Specifically, it is a dynamic visual representation of the participants of a group being invited to communicate together with their presence information, lists of documents and URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) to be examined, and a set of mechanisms (email, chat, voice, and the like) to initiate communication, each of which can be billed to the originator or otherwise as desired. The available presence information allows a user to employ the best mode of communicating for the instant purpose, namely, either asynchronous communication or synchronous communication.
摘要翻译： ConnectIcon视图用于建立组中的多个参与者之间的协作通信。具体来说，这是被邀请与他们的存在信息，文件和URL的列表（统一资源定位符）进行通信的组的参与者的动态视觉表示，以及一组机制（电子邮件，聊天，语音，等）启动通信，其中的每一个可以根据需要向发起者或其他方式开帐单。可用的存在信息允许用户为即时目的，即异步通信或同步通信采用最佳通信模式。

6. 发明授权

US06529863B1 Method and apparatus for providing interactive services with multiple interfaces 有权
标题翻译：用于提供具有多个接口的交互式服务的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06529863B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-04
申请号：US09386094
申请日：1999-08-30
申请人： Thomas J. Ball , Peter John Danielsen , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Konstantin Laufer , Peter Andrew Mataga , Kenneth G. Rehor
发明人： Thomas J. Ball , Peter John Danielsen , Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan , Konstantin Laufer , Peter Andrew Mataga , Kenneth G. Rehor
IPC分类号： G06F1720
CPC分类号： G06F3/04895 , G06F9/451
摘要： Interactive services are provided by employing a modular approach to implementing interactive services with multiple interfaces. Such an approach facilitates supporting natural language understanding interaction with users through use of interfaces that allow at least different ordering of inputs, and/or incomplete information, and/or correction of information, and/or the return of control to prior points in the service. This is realized, in an embodiment of the invention, by employing a single interactive service logic that uses “reactive constraint graphs”, i.e., a form of event-driven graph, in which nodes contain a set of constraints on events. Specifically, control progresses from a node to a derivative node, i.e., “child”, only when all the constraints in the set on the node have been satisfied. A single set of constraints implicitly supports a significant number of the possible different orderings of inputs. Incomplete information is supported because the constraints in the set are evaluated as soon as possible. Correction of information is supported because information in the constraint set is updated upon receipt of new information. Indeed, use of the reactive constraint graphs allows nodes to be labeled, and allows control to revert to a prior node, i.e., ancestor, hence allowing the user to go back to prior points in the service. New inputs can be added to the constraint sets with a complexity polynomial of the order of the input set.
摘要翻译：通过采用模块化方法来实现交互式服务，以实现具有多个接口的交互式服务。这种方法有助于支持自然语言理解与用户的交互，通过使用允许至少不同的输入顺序和/或不完整的信息，和/或信息的校正，和/或将控制返回到服务中的先前点的接口。这在本发明的一个实施例中通过采用使用“反应式约束图”的单个交互式服务逻辑来实现，即，事件驱动图形的形式，其中节点包含对事件的一组约束。具体来说，只有当节点上集合中的所有约束已被满足时，控制才会从节点进行到导数节点，即“子节点”。一组约束隐含地支持大量可能不同的输入顺序。支持不完整的信息，因为集合中的约束尽可能快地被评估。支持修正信息，因为收到新信息后约束集中的信息被更新。实际上，使用反应性约束图允许节点被标记，并且允许控制恢复到先前的节点，即祖先，从而允许用户返回服务中的先前点。可以使用输入集的顺序的复杂度多项式将新的输入添加到约束集中。

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