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1. 发明授权

US5274237A Deicing device for cryogenically cooled radiation detector 失效
标题翻译：用于低温冷却辐射探测器的除冰装置
公开(公告)号：US5274237A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US862084
申请日：1992-04-02
申请人： Brian W. Gallagher , Robert W. Bergensten
发明人： Brian W. Gallagher , Robert W. Bergensten
IPC分类号： G01T1/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/00
摘要： An X-ray radiation detector is thermally conductively secured to the end of a cryogenically cooled copper cold finger in an evacuated atmosphere. A collimator having a conical radiation conduit at a relatively low evacuated pressure is thermally conductively secured to the end of the cold finger for passing radiation emitted by an electron microscope and reflected from a specimen to the detector in a windowless environment. The collimator and cold finger are at about the same cryogenic temperature. The detector is maintained at a temperature of a few degrees C. above that of the collimator. The collimator conduit radiation ingress aperture is dimensioned to limit gas flow to the conduit to limit moisture flow into the conduit and to the detector, the gas flow being molecular in a low pressure atmosphere. Due to the temperature differential between the detector and collimator, moisture sublimes from the detector to the collimator inside the conduit where the moisture adheres to the collimator as ice providing a relatively ice free detector for long term continuous operation.
摘要翻译： X射线辐射检测器在抽空的气氛中导热地固定在低温冷却的铜冷手指的末端。具有相对较低抽真空压力的锥形辐射导管的准直器被热传导地固定到冷指的末端，以通过电子显微镜发射的辐射并在无窗环境中将样本反射到检测器。准直器和冷指状物处于大致相同的低温温度。检测器保持在比准直器的温度高几摄氏度的温度。准直器导管辐射入口的尺寸被设计成限制到导管的气流，以限制进入导管和检测器的水分流，气流在低压气氛中是分子的。由于检测器和准直器之间的温度差异，水分从检测器升高到导管内部的准直器，其中水分作为冰粘附到准直器，为长期连续操作提供了相对无冰的检测器。

2. 发明授权

US5235817A Cryogenic cooling apparatus for radiation detector 失效
标题翻译：用于辐射探测器的低温冷却装置
公开(公告)号：US5235817A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US862050
申请日：1992-04-02
申请人： Brian W. Gallagher , Robert W. Bergensten
发明人： Brian W. Gallagher , Robert W. Bergensten
IPC分类号： F17C13/00 , F25D19/00
CPC分类号： F25D19/006 , F17C13/006 , F17C2203/03 , F17C2203/0643 , F17C2223/0161
摘要： Parallel heat paths are provided by three nested tubes, the outer tube being of stainless steel and connected cantilevered to a housing at ambient temperature. The innermost tube forms a cold finger having a negligible temperature gradient and secured in thermal conductive isolation concentrically within an intermediate cold sleeve tube which is also concentric within the outer tube, the cold finger and cold sleeve tubes being made of copper. The tubes have a minimum diameter and specular facing surfaces to minimize radiation coupling which is the major source of heat transfer between the tubes. The two inner tubes have minimum thermal conductive coupling via thermal insulating tapered rings at one end and a thermal insulating support at the other end. A radiation detector is secured to the inner cold finger tube for receiving X-ray radiation from a specimen in an electron microscope. The other ends of the two inner tubes ar thermally conductively connected to a heat sink Dewar via braided copper straps.
摘要翻译：平行的热路由三个嵌套管提供，外管为不锈钢，并在环境温度下悬臂连接到外壳。最内管形成具有可忽略的温度梯度的冷指，并且在热导隔离件中同心地固定在中间冷套管内，中间冷套管也在外管内同心，冷手套和冷套管由铜制成。管具有最小直径和镜面对面的表面，以最小化辐射耦合，这是管之间的热传递的主要来源。两个内管通过一端的隔热锥形环和另一端的绝热支撑件具有最小的热传导耦合。辐射检测器被固定到内部冷指管，用于在电子显微镜中从样本接收X射线辐射。两个内管的另一端通过编织铜带热导电地连接到散热器杜瓦。

3. 发明授权

US07738628B2 Shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for X-ray analyzer 失效
标题翻译：用于X射线分析仪的屏蔽样品池插入和去除装置
公开(公告)号：US07738628B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-15
申请号：US12326160
申请日：2008-12-02
申请人： Rory D. Delaney , Brian W. Gallagher
发明人： Rory D. Delaney , Brian W. Gallagher
IPC分类号： G21K1/04 , H05G1/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/223 , G01N23/2204 , G01N2223/076
摘要： A shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for an x-ray analysis instrument, including a sample cell setting to hold a sample cell, an outer surface of which exposes the sample to an x-ray engine; and a shielded area positioned over the sample cell, to shield an area beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine. Upon moving the apparatus into and out of the instrument, the sample cell is moved into and out of an analysis position, while retaining shielding of areas beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine of the instrument.
摘要翻译：一种用于X射线分析仪器的屏蔽样品池插入和移除装置，包括用于保持样品池的样品池设置，其外表面将样品暴露于X射线引擎; 以及位于样品池上方的屏蔽区域，以遮蔽超过样品池的区域与从X射线引擎发射的X射线。当将装置移入和移出仪器时，将样品池移入和移出分析位置，同时保持超出样品池的区域的屏蔽不被从仪器的x射线引擎传输的X射线。

4. 发明授权

US07519159B2 Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams 有权
标题翻译：用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热组件如X射线管的方法和装置，用于分析流体流
公开(公告)号：US07519159B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-14
申请号：US11404945
申请日：2006-04-14
申请人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen
发明人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen
IPC分类号： H01J35/10 , H01J35/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/12 , G01N23/223 , G01N2223/076 , G21K1/06 , Y10S439/936
摘要： A method and device for cooling and electrically-insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component, for example, an x-ray tube (1105) for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence. The device includes an x-ray source (1100) including an x-ray tube (1105) having improved heat-dissipating properties due to the thermal coupling of the x-ray tube with a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (1150). The device may include a base assembly (1135) mounted to the component for conducting heat away from the component while electrically isolating the component. In one aspect of the invention, the base assembly includes two copper plates (1140, 1145) separated by a dielectric plate (1150). The dielectric plate minimizes or prevents the leakage of current through the base assembly (1135). One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.
摘要翻译：一种用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热部件的方法和装置，例如用于通过x射线荧光分析流体的X射线管（1105）。该装置包括由X射线管与导热介电材料（1150）的热耦合而具有改善的散热特性的x射线管（1105）的X射线源（1100）。该装置可以包括安装到部件上的基部组件（1135），用于在将组件电绝缘的同时将部件散热。在本发明的一个方面，基座组件包括由电介质板（1150）分开的两个铜板（1140,1145）。电介质板最小化或防止电流通过基座组件（1135）的泄漏。所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

5. 发明授权

US5302831A Dewar construction for cooling radiation detector cold finger 失效
标题翻译：杜瓦建筑冷却辐射探测器冷手指
公开(公告)号：US5302831A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-12
申请号：US876848
申请日：1992-04-30
申请人： Brian W. Gallagher , Duncan R. Quinn
发明人： Brian W. Gallagher , Duncan R. Quinn
IPC分类号： G01Q30/00 , H01J37/24 , H01J37/244
CPC分类号： H01J37/244 , H01J37/24
摘要： An inner vessel having a truncated triangular volume is spaced from an outer housing of similar shape to form a chamber therebetween. A thermally conductive strap is connected at one end to the vessel at its other end to a cold finger tube extending into the chamber. The vessel contains liquid nitrogen and is secured in spaced relationship from the outer housing by a fiberglass liquid nitrogen fill tube. An electronic assembly for processing signals generated by the detector cooled by the cold finger are aligned with the cold finger external the dewar housing. The dewar accommodates entry port angles between zero and 60.degree. for different microscopes without physical interference with the microscope housing and attachments.
摘要翻译：具有截头三角形体积的内部容器与类似形状的外部壳体间隔开，以在它们之间形成室。导热带的一端在其另一端连接到延伸进入室的冷指管的容器。容器含有液氮，并通过玻璃纤维液氮填充管与外壳间隔开固定。用于处理由冷手指冷却的检测器产生的信号的电子组件与杜瓦瓶壳外部的冷手指对准。杜瓦瓶适用于不同显微镜的入口角度在零度和60度之间，而不会对显微镜外壳和附件造成物理干扰。

6. 发明授权

US07382856B2 X-ray source assembly having enhanced output stability, and fluid stream analysis applications thereof 有权
标题翻译：具有增强的输出稳定性的X射线源组件及其流体流分析应用
公开(公告)号：US07382856B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-03
申请号：US11672666
申请日：2007-02-08
申请人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen , Michael D. Moore
发明人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen , Michael D. Moore
IPC分类号： G01N23/223
CPC分类号： H01J35/12 , G01N2223/204 , H01J35/14 , H01J2235/1291
摘要： An x-ray source assembly and method of operation are provided having enhanced output stability. The assembly includes an anode having a source spot upon which electrons impinge and a control system for controlling position of the anode source spot relative to an output structure. The control system can maintain the anode source spot location relative to the output structure notwithstanding a change in one or more operating conditions of the x-ray source assembly. One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.
摘要翻译：提供了具有增强的输出稳定性的x射线源组件和操作方法。组件包括具有电子撞击的源极点的阳极和用于控制阳极源点相对于输出结构的位置的控制系统。即使x射线源组件的一个或多个操作条件发生变化，控制系统也可以相对于输出结构维持阳极源点位置。所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

7. 发明授权

US07209545B2 X-ray source assembly having enhanced output stability, and fluid stream analysis applications thereof 有权
标题翻译：具有增强的输出稳定性的X射线源组件及其流体流分析应用
公开(公告)号：US07209545B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-24
申请号：US10859901
申请日：2004-06-03
申请人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen , Michael D. Moore
发明人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen , Michael D. Moore
IPC分类号： H01J35/30
CPC分类号： H01J35/12 , G01N23/12 , G01N23/223 , G01N2223/076 , H01J2235/1295
摘要： An x-ray source assembly (2700) and method of operation are provided having enhanced output stability. The assembly includes an anode (2125) having a source spot upon which electrons (2120) impinge and a control system (2715/2720) for controlling position of the anode source spot relative to an output structure. The control system can maintain the anode source spot location relative to the output structure (2710) notwithstanding a change in one or more operating conditions of the x-ray source assembly. One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.
摘要翻译：提供了具有增强的输出稳定性的x射线源组件（2700）和操作方法。该组件包括具有电子（2120）撞击的源极点的阳极（2125）和用于控制阳极源点相对于输出结构的位置的控制系统（2715/2720）。即使X射线源组件的一个或多个操作条件发生变化，控制系统也可以相对于输出结构（2710）维持阳极源点位置。所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

8. 发明授权

US07110506B2 Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams 有权
标题翻译：用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热组件如X射线管的方法和装置，用于分析流体流
公开(公告)号：US07110506B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US10859818
申请日：2004-06-03
申请人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen
发明人： Ian Radley , Thomas J. Bievenue , John H. Burdett, Jr. , Brian W. Gallagher , Stuart M. Shakshober , Zewu Chen
IPC分类号： H01J35/10
CPC分类号： G01N23/12 , G01N23/223 , G01N2223/076 , G21K1/06 , Y10S439/936
摘要： A method and device for cooling and electrically-insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component, for example, an x-ray tube (1105) for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence. The device includes an x-ray source (1100) including an x-ray tube (1105) having improved heat-dissipating properties due to the thermal coupling of the x-ray tube with a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (1150). The device may include a base assembly (1135) mounted to the component for conducting heat away from the component while electrically isolating the component. In one aspect of the invention, the base assembly includes two copper plates (1140, 1145) separated by a dielectric plate (1150). The dielectric plate minimizes or prevents the leakage of current through the base assembly (1135). One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.
摘要翻译：一种用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热部件的方法和装置，例如用于通过x射线荧光分析流体的X射线管（1105）。该装置包括由X射线管与导热介电材料（1150）的热耦合而具有改善的散热特性的x射线管（1105）的X射线源（1100）。该装置可以包括安装到部件上的基部组件（1135），用于在将组件电绝缘的同时将部件散热。在本发明的一个方面，基座组件包括由电介质板（1150）分开的两个铜板（1140,1145）。电介质板最小化或防止电流通过基座组件（1135）的泄漏。所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

9. 发明授权

US5488832A Matched thermal expansion support system 失效
标题翻译：匹配热膨胀支撑系统
公开(公告)号：US5488832A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-06
申请号：US259947
申请日：1994-06-15
申请人： Brian W. Gallagher
发明人： Brian W. Gallagher
IPC分类号： G01T1/24 , F17C3/08 , F25D19/00 , G01N23/00 , G01T7/00 , F25B19/00
CPC分类号： F25D19/006 , F17C3/08 , G01N23/00 , F17C2201/0104 , F17C2201/056 , F17C2221/014 , F17C2223/0161 , F17C2223/033 , F17C2260/024 , F17C2270/02
摘要： A matched thermal expansion support system for cryogenically cooled x-ray spectrometers is described for the purpose of holding x-ray detecting crystals precisely in position throughout large temperature changes. This thermal matching is achieved by a detector holder, having an axial thermal movement characteristic, mounted on a support having an equal, but opposite, thermal movement characteristic.
摘要翻译：描述了用于低温冷却的x射线光谱仪的匹配的热膨胀支撑系统，用于在大的温度变化中将X射线检测晶体精确地保持在适当位置。该热匹配通过具有轴向热运动特性的检测器支架实现，安装在具有相同但相反的热运动特性的支撑件上。

10. 发明授权

US07873143B2 Sliding sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for x-ray analyzer 有权
标题翻译：用于X射线分析仪的滑动样品池插入和去除装置
公开(公告)号：US07873143B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-18
申请号：US12326123
申请日：2008-12-02
申请人： Daniel L. Dunham , James B. Quinn , Brian W. Gallagher
发明人： Daniel L. Dunham , James B. Quinn , Brian W. Gallagher
IPC分类号： G01N23/22
CPC分类号： G01N23/223 , G01N23/2204 , G01N2223/076
摘要： A sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for an analysis instrument, including a horizontally sliding frame; a sample cell carriage movably mounted to the sliding frame, the sample cell carriage including an area to hold a sample cell; wherein upon sliding into and out of the instrument, the sample cell carriage is moved horizontally and vertically into and out of an analysis position. This instrument may include a radiation shielded enclosure into and out of which the apparatus slides, and an x-ray analysis engine which transmits x-rays upwards towards the sample cell which projects from a bottom of the apparatus. The disclosed sample cell is especially suited for an x-ray analysis engine having a focal spot requiring alignment with the sample in the sample cell.
摘要翻译：一种用于分析仪器的样品池插入和移除装置，包括水平滑动框架; 移动地安装到所述滑动框架的样品池托架，所述样品池托架包括用于保持样品池的区域; 其中，当滑入和移出仪器时，样品池托架水平和垂直地移入和移出分析位置。该仪器可以包括进入和离开装置滑动的辐射屏蔽外壳，以及将X射线向上朝向从装置的底部突出的样品池向上传输的X射线分析引擎。所公开的样品池特别适合于具有需要与样品池中的样品对准的焦点的x射线分析引擎。

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