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1. 发明授权

US4805117A Method for controlling concatenation of transformation matrices in a graphics display system 失效
标题翻译：用于控制图形显示系统中的变换矩阵的并置的方法
公开(公告)号：US4805117A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-14
申请号：US912724
申请日：1986-09-26
申请人： Anthony M. Fiore , Bruce C. Hempel , Gregory D. Laib , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Anthony M. Fiore , Bruce C. Hempel , Gregory D. Laib , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G06F7/548 , G06F17/16 , G06T11/00 , G06K9/32
CPC分类号： G06F7/548 , G06F17/16 , G06F7/4991
摘要： In graphics display systems the use of matrix concatenation for coordinate transformation, occasionally, will cause an overflow which may represent an out-of-bounds location of a data element. To correct the overflow problem, a number of translation shift factors are introduced for the last row of the matrix which when used to operate on matrix elements, will maintain the elements within the physical boundaries of the graphics base by preventing overflow. Additionally, a method of adjusting the clipping boundaries to increase the precision of coordinate transformations is also described. The methods of the invention may be implemented in microcode in a commercially availably graphics display system such as the IBM 5080 Graphics System.
摘要翻译：在图形显示系统中，偶尔使用矩阵连接进行坐标变换将导致溢出，这可能表示数据元素的超出位置。为了纠正溢出问题，为矩阵的最后一行引入了多个平移移位因子，当用于对矩阵元素进行操作时，将通过防止溢出将元素维护在图形基础的物理边界内。此外，还描述了一种调整限幅边界以提高坐标变换精度的方法。本发明的方法可以在诸如IBM 5080图形系统的商业上可用的图形显示系统中以微码来实现。

2. 发明授权

US4758965A Polygon fill processor 失效
标题翻译：多边形填充处理器
公开(公告)号：US4758965A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-19
申请号：US785935
申请日：1985-10-09
申请人： Bob C. Liang , Todd N. Tsakiris
发明人： Bob C. Liang , Todd N. Tsakiris
IPC分类号： G06T11/40 , G06F15/40 , G06F15/26
CPC分类号： G06T11/40
摘要： Method and apparatus for filling convex polygons for display in a raster graphics system is described. Starting from the bottom of the polygon, horizontal lines are drawn to fill the polygon as y-value increments. A polygon-fill processor includes two modified Breshenham line generators.
摘要翻译：描述了用于填充用于在光栅图形系统中显示的凸多边形的方法和装置。从多边形的底部开始，绘制水平线，以y值增量填充多边形。多边形填充处理器包括两个经修改的Breshenham线发生器。

3. 发明授权

US4982345A Interactive computer graphics display system processing method for identifying an operator selected displayed object 失效
标题翻译：用于识别操作者选择的显示对象的交互式计算机图形显示系统处理方法
公开(公告)号：US4982345A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-01
申请号：US299901
申请日：1989-01-23
申请人： Robert M. Callahan , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Robert M. Callahan , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G06F3/153 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/048 , G06T11/80 , G06T15/30 , G09G5/14 , G09G5/39
CPC分类号： G06F3/04842 , G06T15/30
摘要： An interactive computer graphics display system processing method for identifying a displayed primitive that intersects an operator selected area of the display screen. Pursuant to the method, the operator selected area of the display screen is reverse mapped to world coordinate space; data representative of displayed geometric primitives is then clipped against the reverse mapped selected area in world coordinate space; and clipped data representative of displayed geometric primitives that intersect the reverse mapped selected area are identified for operator defined application processing. Further processing steps include mapping of the identified data to screen coordinate space and rasterization of the data for display in the screen monitor. A zoom processing method is also provided wherein an original operator defined zoom window is transformed from screen coordinate space to world coordinate space and the boundaries of the transformed window in world coordinate space are utilized as data clipping boundaries. After clipping, data representative of a displayed geometric primitive outside the inverse mapped zoom window is discarded, thus preventing the rerasterization of geometric primitives outside the zoom window. Further processing includes mapping of the identified data to a defined zoom window in screen coordinate space for operator viewing and selection of a particular geometric primitive for application processing.

4. 发明授权

US4811241A Clipping of fixed character strings in a graphics system 失效
标题翻译：在图形系统中剪切固定的字符串
公开(公告)号：US4811241A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US821103
申请日：1986-01-21
申请人： Bob C. Liang
发明人： Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G09G5/00 , G06T11/00 , G06T15/30 , G09G5/22 , G09G5/36
CPC分类号： G06T15/30
摘要： A method for clipping fixed characters against one or more clipping boundaries for display in a graphics display system, includes the steps of: storing fixed characters to be displayed; defining a window in a first coordinate space against which said characters shall be clipped along one or more boundaries thereof; clipping an inverse character box for each fixed character to be displayed against said defined clipping window; and transforming said clipped character box defined in a first coordinate space to a character box defined in a second coordinate space for display on a graphics display system.
摘要翻译：一种用于根据一个或多个剪切边界剪裁固定字符以在图形显示系统中显示的方法，包括以下步骤：存储待显示的固定字符; 在第一坐标空间中定义窗口，所述字符将沿着其一个或多个边界被剪切; 剪辑针对所述定义的剪辑窗口显示的每个固定字符的逆字符框; 以及将在第一坐标空间中定义的所述剪切字符框转换为定义在第二坐标空间中的字符框，以在图形显示系统上显示。

5. 发明授权

US5402147A Integrated single frame buffer memory for storing graphics and video data 失效
标题翻译：用于存储图形和视频数据的集成单帧缓冲存储器
公开(公告)号：US5402147A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US969649
申请日：1992-10-30
申请人： Inching Chen , Thomas A. Horvath , Andy G. Lean , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Inching Chen , Thomas A. Horvath , Andy G. Lean , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G09G5/00 , G09G5/393 , G09G1/06
CPC分类号： G09G5/393 , G09G2340/125
摘要： The present invention provides an integrated display system for multi-media workstations wherein graphics image and video data are merged in a single frame buffer. The integrated display system employs 3-port VRAMs with a first serial access port for display data output, and a random access port for graphics data, a second serial access for video data input. The display system includes a single frame buffer memory system for a multi-media workstation which operates compatibly with display systems and logic designed for dual frame buffer systems and it uses the 3-port VRAM in combination with a means incorporating improved input locking, video update or refresh, and encoded video data input stream.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于多媒体工作站的集成显示系统，其中图形图像和视频数据被合并在单个帧缓冲器中。集成显示系统采用3端口VRAM，具有用于显示数据输出的第一个串行访问端口，以及用于图形数据的随机存取端口，用于视频数据输入的第二个串行访问。显示系统包括用于多媒体工作站的单帧缓冲存储器系统，其与显示系统和为双帧缓冲器系统设计的逻辑兼容地操作，并且它使用3端口VRAM与包括改进的输入锁定，视频更新或刷新，并编码视频数据输入流。

6. 发明授权

US5255359A Picking function for a pipeline graphics system using hierarchical graphics structures 失效
标题翻译：采用分层图形结构的管道图形系统的采集功能
公开(公告)号：US5255359A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-19
申请号：US425781
申请日：1989-10-23
申请人： Timothy J. Ebbers , Daniel G. Gibbons , David W. Li , Bob C. Liang , David C. Tannenbaum
发明人： Timothy J. Ebbers , Daniel G. Gibbons , David W. Li , Bob C. Liang , David C. Tannenbaum
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/048 , G06T11/80 , G06T17/00 , G06F3/153
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , G06F3/04842
摘要： A graphics display system picking function tracks machine states of pickable primitive operators through the use of a pick stack and machine state memory. The pick stack operates as a stack when accessed by pipeline processors. Pipeline processors can add an element to the stack or remove elements from the stack as structures are processed. Selection or picking of an object causes a graphics control processor to randomly access the pick stack to determine the attributes of a picked primitive. The machine state memory is implemented as a video RAM allowing rapid copying of rows containing machine states for various structure levels in the hierarchy. A first area of the machine state memory stores the states relating to the structures in the hierarchy as they are executed. A second area retains an abbreviated state description for each pickable primitive while a final area contains abbreviated machine state information for picked objects to be echoed by the system. The pick stack and machine state memories operate together to provide rapid pick identification, picked primitive machine state identification, and picked primitive echoing. The use of separate picked primitive echo machine storage allows drawing of the picked primitives without a complete re-traversal of the displayed list. This also results in reduced processing time.

7. 发明授权

US5012433A Multistage clipping method 失效
标题翻译：多级裁剪方法
公开(公告)号：US5012433A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-30
申请号：US364524
申请日：1989-06-09
申请人： Robert M. Callahan , Bruce C. Hempel , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Robert M. Callahan , Bruce C. Hempel , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G06T15/30
CPC分类号： G06T15/30
摘要： A method for clipping two and three dimensional graphic primitives for use in a computer graphics workstation. During the first clipping stage, the system removes all graphic primitives which lie outside an arbitrary clipping volume or window that is an enlargement of the desired viewing volume or window. This clipping volume (window) is then projected and mapped onto a virtual viewport which is larger than the real viewport. After this mapping occurs, rendering effects (such as line styles, line width, pattern fill, hatch fill, etc.) are applied to the primitive. A subsequent stage of clipping is then applied to clip the virtual viewport to the real viewport which is the user's visible area. Use of the clipping volume (window) during the first stage of clipping makes it simpler to transform geometric primitives which are partially visible to the viewer, and gives visible primitives a richer set of invariant geometric properties so that their rendering effects may be more easily and correctly carried out.
摘要翻译：一种用于裁剪用于计算机图形工作站的二维和三维图形图元的方法。在第一个剪辑阶段，系统将删除位于任意裁剪卷或窗口之外的所有图形原语，这些缩放卷或窗口是所需观看卷或窗口的放大图。然后将该剪辑卷（窗口）投影并映射到大于真实视口的虚拟视口。发生这种映射之后，将渲染效果（如线条样式，线宽，图案填充，填充填充等）应用于原语。然后应用后续的剪辑阶段将虚拟视口剪切到作为用户可见区域的真实视口。在剪辑的第一阶段使用剪辑卷（窗口）使得更容易地对观看者部分可见的几何图元进行变换，并且给予可见原始图形更丰富的不变几何属性集，使得它们的渲染效果可以更容易地正确进行

8. 发明授权

US4912659A Parallel surface processing system for graphics display 失效
标题翻译：平行表面处理系统，用于图形显示
公开(公告)号：US4912659A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-27
申请号：US115465
申请日：1987-10-30
申请人： Bob C. Liang
发明人： Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G06F17/50 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/20
CPC分类号： G06T17/20
摘要： A Pipeline and Parallel Processing system for generating Surface Patches for both Wireframe and Solid/Shaded Models in a Raster Graphics Display. The inputs to a Transformation Processor are the parameters for the Rational Bezier Surfaces: a 2-dimensional array of control points, and weights. The outputs are the coordinates of the corner points and the normals (to the surface) of the patches, which make up the surface. The system consists of three Pipeline stages: (1) A front-end processor fetches the data from memory and feeds the Transformation Processor; (2) four Floating Point Processors in Parallel for tessellating the surfaces into small patches; and (3) one Floating Point Processor for generating normals at the vertices of the small patches. The output is sent to the rest of the Graphics System for clipping, mapping, and shading.

9. 发明授权

US4870599A Traversal method for a graphics display system 失效
标题翻译：图形显示系统的遍历方法
公开(公告)号：US4870599A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US912876
申请日：1986-09-26
申请人： Bruce C. Hempel , Gregory D. Laib , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Bruce C. Hempel , Gregory D. Laib , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G09G5/00 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/048 , G06T11/00 , G06T11/20 , G06T15/40 , G09G5/36
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06F3/04842
摘要： A method for traversal of primitives in a graphics display system includes calculating pick data for a predetermined primitive, testing the primitive for invisibility, exiting to a next graphics order if the invisibility step is positive, testing the primitive for detectability, exiting to a next graphics order if the detectability test is false when traversal is performed for pick correlation purposes, determining whether a transformation environment update is required, recalculating the transformation environment if required, binding display attributes for the primitive and processing subsequent graphics orders to draw the primitive. Also, to eliminate unnecessary storing of registers when an execute structure is processed, a number of registers are set aside for storing control flags to selectively store registers into the stack. If a flag pick is zero the contents of the corresponding register will be stored on the stack. If the contents of the flag are one, indicating that the contents of the corresponding register has been stored on the stack, the contents will not be stored again, thus saving time and execution of the traversal.
摘要翻译：用于在图形显示系统中遍历原语的方法包括：计算用于预定原语的选取数据，测试不可见性的图元，如果不可见性步骤为正，则退出到下一个图形顺序，测试该图元的可检测性，退出到下一个图形如果对于拾取相关目的执行遍历时的可检测性测试为假，则确定是否需要变换环境更新，如果需要重新计算变换环境，则绑定图元的显示属性并处理后续图形命令来绘制原始图像。此外，为了在执行结构被处理时消除寄存器的不必要的存储，设置多个寄存器用于存储控制标志以选择性地将寄存器存储到堆栈中。如果标志选择为零，则相应寄存器的内容将被存储在堆栈中。如果标志的内容为1，表示相应寄存器的内容已经存储在堆栈中，内容将不会被再次存储，从而节省了遍历的时间和执行。

10. 发明授权

US4866637A Pipelined lighting model processing system for a graphics workstation's shading function 失效
标题翻译：流水线照明模型处理系统，用于图形工作站的着色功能
公开(公告)号：US4866637A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US115467
申请日：1987-10-30
申请人： Jorge Gonzalez-Lopez , Bruce C. Hempel , Bob C. Liang
发明人： Jorge Gonzalez-Lopez , Bruce C. Hempel , Bob C. Liang
IPC分类号： G06F17/50 , G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/506
摘要： A lighting model processing system for a computer graphics workstation's shading function includes multiple floating point processing stages arranged and operated in pipeline. Each stage is constructed from one or more identical floating point processors. The lighting model processing system supports one or more light sources illuminating an object to be displayed, with parallel or perspective projection. Dynamic partitioning can be used to balance the computational workload among various of the processors in order to avoid a bottleneck in the pipeline. The high throughput of the pipeline system makes possible the rapid calculation and display of high quality shaded images.

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