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1. 发明授权

US06837106B2 Gravity gradiometry 有权
标题翻译：重力梯度
公开(公告)号：US06837106B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-04
申请号：US09995336
申请日：2001-11-27
申请人： Bernard Etkin , John Barry French , Bjarni V. Tryggvason , Frank J. van Kann
发明人： Bernard Etkin , John Barry French , Bjarni V. Tryggvason , Frank J. van Kann
IPC分类号： G01V1/00 , G01V7/16 , G01N7/16
CPC分类号： G01N7/16 , G01V7/16
摘要： A gravity gradiometer is combined with a two-stage actively controlled isolation system. The gravity gradiometer and two stage isolation system may then be mounted within (or on) a mobile vehicle such as, for example, an aircraft. It has been recognized by the inventors herein that the accelerations imparted to an aircraft during normal operations can be separated through system design into two relatively distinct regimes within the frequency domain. The invention provides a first isolation mount, which forms part of the isolation system, to isolate accelerations (and resulting translations) falling within a first of the two frequency regimes. The second isolation mount, which is mounted to the first isolation mount, isolates accelerations falling within the second of the two frequency regimes. A gravity gradiometer can then be mounted to the second isolation mount. As a result of housing the gravity gradiometer within the nested isolation system (a combination of the first and second isolation mounts), the gravity gradiometer is substantially isolated from the accelerations experienced by the mobile vehicle. Consequently, gravity gradients measured by the gravity gradiometer are relatively noise free and provide heretofore-unobtainable accuracy.

2. 发明授权

US5684581A Torch for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry 失效
标题翻译：用于感应耦合等离子体光谱仪的手电筒
公开(公告)号：US5684581A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US570059
申请日：1995-12-11
申请人： John Barry French , Raymond Jong , Bernard Etkin
发明人： John Barry French , Raymond Jong , Bernard Etkin
IPC分类号： H05H1/30 , H05H1/34 , G01N21/73
CPC分类号： H05H1/30 , H05H2001/3468 , H05H2001/3478
摘要： A torch for Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICPS) is formed from quartz and has inner and outer tubes defining an annular channel. The end of the inner tube is within an end portion of the outer tube, to define a chamber for a plasma ball. An inlet for a main gas flow opens tangentially into the annular channel. The annular channel is configured so as to maximize the swirl component of this flow. To this end, a connection to the inlet is provided with an annular toroidal shape, having a cross-section to or larger than the inlet. Further, the inlet is mounted relatively close to the end of the inner tube, so as to minimise decay of the swirl component as the gas flows along the annular channel, the length of the annular channel being sufficient to ensure that the flow leaving the annular channel is uniform and has a uniform swirl component. This arrangement enables a significantly reduced consumption of gas to generate a plasma ball, and can give improved performance, in terms of a higher detection rate in a spectrometer.
摘要翻译：电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICPS）的手电筒由石英形成，并具有限定环形通道的内外管。内管的端部在外管的端部内，以限定用于等离子体球的腔室。主气流的入口切向进入环形通道。环形通道被配置为使该流动的漩涡分量最大化。为此，与入口的连接设置有环形环形形状，其具有大于或大于入口的横截面。此外，入口相对靠近内管的端部安装，以便随着气体沿着环形通道流动而最小化漩涡部件的衰减，环形通道的长度足以确保离开环形的流动通道均匀，具有均匀的涡流分量。这种布置能够显着降低气体的消耗以产生等离子体球，并且可以在光谱仪中以更高的检测率提供改进的性能。

3. 发明授权

US5969352A Spray chamber with dryer 失效
标题翻译：喷雾室与烘干机
公开(公告)号：US5969352A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-19
申请号：US974957
申请日：1997-11-20
申请人： John B. French , Bernard Etkin , Raymond Jong , Guy Legere
发明人： John B. French , Bernard Etkin , Raymond Jong , Guy Legere
IPC分类号： H01J49/04 , H01J49/10 , H01J49/36
CPC分类号： H01J49/105 , H01J49/04
摘要： A spray chamber for producing a sample for an analyzer which may contain a plasma torch. In the chamber, a heated sheath gas is fed into the periphery of the spray surrounding the spray, adjacent the origin of the spray, thus reducing the size of droplets which are recirculated, thereby reducing agglomeration of the droplets and promoting rapid drying of the spray. Preferably all of the spray solvent is evaporated in a very short chamber, thus further reducing the amount of spray recirculated, and all of the combined flow of dried particulates from the spray, nebulizing gas and sheath gas is directed into the torch. In one embodiment, the central core of the combined flow is directed to the torch and the peripheral portion of the combined flow is ducted to waste. In another embodiment the aqueous spray solvent is fully evaporated before it leaves the spray chamber, and the combined flow is directed through a membrane dryer before reaching the torch, to remove most of the water vapor from the flow and thus to reduce water vapor loading on the torch.
摘要翻译：一种用于生产用于分析器的样品的喷雾室，其可以包含等离子体焰炬。在室中，加热的鞘气体被引入喷雾周围的喷雾周边，邻近喷雾源，从而减小了再循环的液滴的尺寸，从而减少了液滴的聚集并促进了喷雾的快速干燥。优选地，所有喷雾溶剂在非常短的室中蒸发，从而进一步减少再循环的喷雾量，并且来自喷雾，雾化气体和鞘气的干燥颗粒的所有组合流都被引导到火炬中。在一个实施例中，组合流的中心芯被引导到手电筒，并且组合流的周边部分被导管成浪费。在另一个实施方案中，水喷雾溶剂在离开喷雾室之前被完全蒸发，并且组合的流在到达火炬之前被引导通过膜干燥器，以从流中去除大部分水蒸气，并因此减少火炬

4. 发明授权

US5167572A Air curtain fume cabinet and method 失效
标题翻译：气帘烟柜及方法
公开(公告)号：US5167572A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-01
申请号：US660814
申请日：1991-02-26
申请人： Bernard Etkin
发明人： Bernard Etkin
IPC分类号： B08B15/02
CPC分类号： B08B15/023
摘要： An air curtain fume cabinet, in which an air curtain jet is directed across the face opening to an exhaust duct. Sufficient flow is exhausted at the exhaust duct to swallow (i) the entire air curtain jet, plus (ii) all of the air which the jet entrains from outside the face opening, plus (iii) a substantial additional amount of air. This greatly increases the velocity of air moving into the curtain at its top, beyond the normal entrainment velocity, and prevents spill-back of jet air to the outside even with substantial crosswinds. Preferably the ratio of exhaust flow to jet flow is between 2 and 3 for a jet height to jet thickness ratio of up to about 15. Preferably auxiliary air is supplied to the working space interior to replace air entrained into the jet from inside the working space.
摘要翻译：一种气帘烟罩，其中气幕喷射器被引导穿过排气管的面孔。在排气管道处排出足够的流量以吞咽（i）整个空气幕喷射器，加上（ii）喷嘴从面部开口外部夹带的所有空气，以及（iii）大量额外的空气。这大大增加了空气在其顶部移动到窗帘中的速度，超出正常的夹带速度，并且防止喷射空气溢出到外面，即使具有相当的侧风。优选地，对于射流高度与射流厚度之比，排气流与射流的比例在2和3之间，最高可达15左右。优选地，将辅助空气供应到工作空间内部以从工作空间内部夹带入喷射器中的空气。

5. 发明授权

US5345079A Apparatus and method for liquid sample introduction 失效
标题翻译：液体样品引入装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US5345079A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US946118
申请日：1992-09-17
申请人： John B. French , Bernard Etkin
发明人： John B. French , Bernard Etkin
IPC分类号： G01N1/00 , G01N1/04 , G01N30/72 , H01J49/04 , B01D59/44 , H01J49/00
CPC分类号： H01J49/049 , G01N30/7273 , H01J49/045 , H01J49/0477 , G01N1/22 , G01N2001/045
摘要： A liquid sample to be analyzed is fed to a micro pump. The pump directs the solution, as a stream of uniformly sized and spaced droplets, into a laminarly flowing stream of hot carrier gas. The carrier gas evaporates the solvents (e.g. water) in the droplets to form a stream of dried particles. The particles are vaporized by a plasma, laser or other heat source. The vapour can be ionized and the ions analyzed by a mass spectrometer, or the vapour can be analyzed by optical spectroscopy. The method reduces oxide and other interference effects, increases sample utilization, and reduces waste, signal noise, and memory effects, increasing instrument productivity. Multiple nozzles can be used to change samples or to shoot calibrating droplets, further increasing productivity. Signal detection can be synchronized with droplet firing, or the signal, which is intrinsically modulated at the drop frequency, can be band pass filtered and synchronously detected, to increase the signal to noise ratio. The dried particles can also be directed into a vacuum chamber and deposited in a desired pattern on a surface in the vacuum, thus delivering controlled microdosages of material onto the surface.
摘要翻译：将要分析的液体样品送入微型泵。泵将溶液作为均匀尺寸和间隔的液滴流引导成层流流动的热载气。载气蒸发液滴中的溶剂（例如水）以形成干燥颗粒物流。颗粒通过等离子体，激光或其他热源蒸发。蒸气可以离子化，通过质谱仪分析离子，也可以通过光谱分析蒸气。该方法减少了氧化物和其他干扰效应，提高了样品利用率，并减少了浪费，信号噪声和记忆效应，提高了仪器的生产率。多个喷嘴可用于更换样品或拍摄校准液滴，进一步提高生产率。信号检测可以与液滴点火同步，也可以在降频时进行本质调制的信号进行带通滤波和同步检测，以提高信噪比。干燥的颗粒也可以被引导到真空室中并且以真空中的表面以期望的图案沉积，从而将受控的材料微粒剂递送到表面上。

6. 发明授权

US4657667A Particle classifier 失效
标题翻译：粒子分类器
公开(公告)号：US4657667A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US596952
申请日：1984-04-05
申请人： Bernard Etkin
发明人： Bernard Etkin
IPC分类号： B07B4/04 , B07B4/02 , B07B7/00 , B07B7/01 , B07B7/086 , B07B11/04 , B07B11/06 , G01N15/02
CPC分类号： G01N15/0255 , B07B11/04 , B07B11/06 , B07B4/02 , B07B7/00 , B07B7/01 , B07B7/0865
摘要： A particle classifier has a uniform, laminar, classifying air stream and a duct to introduce particulate material generally perpendicular to the air stream. The particulate material is entrained in a secondary air stream that is diverted as it enters the classifying air stream by a curved surface. The curved surface produces and diverts the air stream by the Coanda effect to minimize disturbance to the classifying air and segregate the particles from the secondary air.
摘要翻译：颗粒分级器具有均匀的层状分级空气流和导管，以引入大致垂直于空气流的颗粒材料。颗粒材料被夹带在二次空气流中，当二次空气流通过弯曲表面进入分级空气流时被转移。弯曲表面通过柯恩达效应产生和转移空气流，以最小化对分级空气的干扰并将颗粒与二次空气隔离。

7. 发明授权

US4213852A Method and apparatus for particle classification 失效
标题翻译：粒子分类方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4213852A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-22
申请号：US3615
申请日：1979-01-15
申请人： Bernard Etkin
发明人： Bernard Etkin
IPC分类号： B07B4/02
CPC分类号： B07B4/02
摘要： Particles are classified according to their terminal velocities, which in turn are determined by their size, shape and composition, by dropping a mass of such particles into an air stream flowing in a direction making a substantial angle with the vertical, and having a high degree of uniformity and low turbulence, so that the particles assume trajectories determined by their terminal velocities. The distance downstream travelled by a particle is inversely proportional to its terminal velocity. Receptacles are provided at different downstream distances from the location of introduction of the material, below the flowing air stream, into which particles of different terminal velocities are collected.
摘要翻译：颗粒根据其末端速度进行分类，这又由其尺寸，形状和组成决定，通过将这种颗粒的质量下降到沿与垂直方向成大体角度的方向流动的空气流中，并且具有高度的的均匀性和低湍流，使得颗粒假定由其终端速度确定的轨迹。颗粒下游行进的距离与其末端速度成反比。在不同的终端速度的颗粒被收集的流动空气流下方的材料的引入位置的不同下游距离处设置有插座。

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