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1. 发明授权

US5721857A Method and apparatus for saving the effective address of floating point memory operations in an out-of-order microprocessor 失效
标题翻译：用于将浮点存储器操作的有效地址保存在无序微处理器中的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5721857A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-24
申请号：US651506
申请日：1996-05-22
申请人： Andrew F. Glew , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Atiq Bajwa , Warren R. Morrow , William C. Alexander, III
发明人： Andrew F. Glew , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Atiq Bajwa , Warren R. Morrow , William C. Alexander, III
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F9/26 , G06F12/00 , G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F9/3861 , G06F9/3834
摘要： A method is provided for recovering the effective address of memory instructions in an out-of-order microprocessor for use by an exception handler upon the occurrence of one of an exception and a systems management interrupt. The microprocessor comprises at least one execution unit for executing a plurality of instructions out-of-order and a re-order buffer having storage locations for buffering result data produced from the execution of the plurality of instructions. Each instruction is associated with a location designator to identify a unique storage location within the re-order buffer in which the result data for an executed instruction is written. The microprocessor further comprises a memory order buffer having storage locations for buffering memory instructions waiting for access to memory for execution, these storage locations also being identified by corresponding location designators. According to this embodiment of the microprocessor, the effective address of memory instructions can be reconstructed by utilizing the location designators of the ROB (Reorder Buffer) to find the corresponding storage location in the MOB (Memory Order Buffer) at which place the linear address for the instruction may be found. By associating both the retirement and exception information of the memory instructions stored within the storage locations of the re-order buffer with the corresponding memory instructions and information stored within the memory order buffer, the linear address of either the youngest, valid, retiring memory uop or the oldest, valid, excepted memory uop can be selected, written to memory and subsequently used to reconstruct the effective address of the memory instruction for use by an exception handler.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在异常处理器发生异常和系统管理中断之一时由异常处理器恢复无序微处理器中的存储器指令的有效地址的方法。微处理器包括用于执行无序的多个指令的至少一个执行单元和具有用于缓冲从多个指令的执行产生的结果数据的存储位置的重新排序缓冲器。每个指令与位置指示符相关联，以识别在其中写入执行指令的结果数据的重新排序缓冲器内的唯一存储位置。微处理器还包括具有用于缓冲等待存储器进行执行的存储器指令的存储位置的存储器顺序缓冲器，这些存储位置也由对应的位置指示符标识。根据微处理器的这个实施例，存储器指令的有效地址可以通过使用ROB（重排序缓冲器）的位置指示符来重建，以在MOB（存储器顺序缓冲器）中找到相应的存储位置，可能会发现该指令。通过将存储在重新排序缓冲器的存储位置中的存储器指令的退出和异常信息与存储在存储器顺序缓冲器中的相应存储器指令和信息相关联，最小的，有效的退出存储器存储器的线性地址或者可以选择最旧的，有效的，例外的存储器，写入存储器，随后用于重建由异常处理程序使用的存储器指令的有效地址。

2. 发明授权

US5751983A Out-of-order processor with a memory subsystem which handles speculatively dispatched load operations 失效
标题翻译：具有处理推测性调度负载操作的内存子系统的乱序处理器
公开(公告)号：US5751983A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US538594
申请日：1995-10-03
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , David B. Papworth , Haitham H. Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , David B. Papworth , Haitham H. Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F3/38
CPC分类号： G06F9/3834
摘要： A method and apparatus for speculatively dispatching and/or executing LOADs in a computer system includes a memory subsystem of a out-of-order processor that handles LOAD and STORE operations by dispatching them to respective LOAD and STORE buffers in the memory subsystem. When a LOAD is subsequently dispatched for execution, the store buffer is searched for STOREs having unknown addresses. If any STOREs are found which are older than the dispatched LOAD, and which have an unknown address, the LOAD is tagged with an unknown STORE address identification (USAID). When a STORE is dispatched for execution, the LOAD buffer is searched for loads that have been denoted as mis-speculated loads. Mis-speculated loads are prevented from corrupting the architectural state of the machine with invalid data.
摘要翻译：用于在计算机系统中推测调度和/或执行LOAD的方法和装置包括无序处理器的存储器子系统，其通过将它们分派到存储器子系统中的相应LOAD和STORE缓冲器来处理LOAD和STORE操作。当随后调度LOAD进行执行时，搜索具有未知地址的STORE的存储缓冲区。如果发现任何比发送的LOAD更旧的存储区，并且具有未知地址，则LOAD被标记为未知的存储地址标识（USAID）。当调度STORE执行时，LOAD缓冲区将搜索已被表示为误推测负载的负载。可以防止误导的负载破坏机器的无效数据的架构状态。

3. 发明授权

US5748937A Computer system that maintains processor ordering consistency by snooping an external bus for conflicts during out of order execution of memory access instructions 失效
标题翻译：计算机系统通过在内存访问指令的无序执行期间窥探一个外部总线冲突来维持处理器排序的一致性
公开(公告)号：US5748937A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US825417
申请日：1997-03-28
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland
IPC分类号： G06F9/38
CPC分类号： G06F9/3834
摘要： A computer system having a mechanism for maintaining processor ordering during out-of-order instruction execution is disclosed wherein load memory instructions are accessed according to program order and executed out-of-order in relation to the program order where appropriate. Processors in the system snoop an external bus for bus transactions that conflict with completed load memory instructions before committing results of the completed load memory instructions to an architectural state.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有用于在无序指令执行期间维持处理器排序的机构的计算机系统，其中根据程序顺序访问加载存储器指令，并且在适当时根据程序顺序执行无序操作。在将完成的加载存储器指令的结果提交到架构状态之前，系统中的处理器会窥探总线事务的外部总线，这些总线事务与完成的加载存储器指令冲突。

4. 发明授权

US5680572A Cache memory system having data and tag arrays and multi-purpose buffer assembly with multiple line buffers 失效
标题翻译：具有数据和标签数组的高速缓冲存储器系统以及具有多个行缓冲器的多用途缓冲器组件
公开(公告)号：US5680572A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-21
申请号：US680109
申请日：1996-07-15
申请人： Haitham Akkary , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mandar S. Joshi , Brent E. Lince
发明人： Haitham Akkary , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mandar S. Joshi , Brent E. Lince
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F12/0859
摘要： A data cache and a plurality of companion fill buffers having corresponding tag matching circuitry are provided to a computer system. Each fill buffer independently stores and tracks a replacement cache line being filled with data returning from main memory in response to a cache miss. When the cache fill is completed, the replacement cache line is output for the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache if the memory locations are cacheable and the cache line has not been snoop hit while the cache fill was in progress. Additionally, the fill buffers are organized and provided with sufficient address and data ports as well as selectors to allow the fill buffers to respond to subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops that hit their cache lines while the cache fills are in progress. As a result, the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache can continue to serve subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops, while one or more cache fills are in progress, without ever having to stall the processor.
摘要翻译：具有对应的标签匹配电路的数据高速缓存和多个伴随填充缓冲器被提供给计算机系统。每个填充缓冲器独立地存储和跟踪填充有响应于高速缓存未命中从主存储器返回的数据的替换高速缓存行。当缓存填充完成时，如果内存位置是可高速缓存的，并且缓存填充正在进行时，缓存线尚未被窥探，则会为高速缓存标签和数据高速缓存的数据阵列输出替换高速缓存行。此外，填充缓冲区被组织并提供有足够的地址和数据端口以及选择器，以允许填充缓冲区响应后续处理器负载和存储，以及在高速缓存填充正在进行时触发其缓存行的外部监听。因此，数据高速缓存的高速缓存标签和数据阵列可以在一个或多个缓存填充正在进行的同时继续提供后续的处理器加载和存储以及外部监听，而无需停止处理器。

5. 发明授权

US5420991A Apparatus and method for maintaining processing consistency in a computer system having multiple processors 失效
标题翻译：用于在具有多个处理器的计算机系统中维持处理一致性的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5420991A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US177239
申请日：1994-01-04
申请人： Kris G. Konigsfeld , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Glenn J. Hinton , Andrew F. Glew
发明人： Kris G. Konigsfeld , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Glenn J. Hinton , Andrew F. Glew
IPC分类号： G06F9/312 , G06F9/38 , G06F12/08 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/30043 , G06F12/0831 , G06F9/3834
摘要： An apparatus for maintaining processor ordering in a multi-processor computer system wherein loads are performed speculatively. Speculative loads of each processor are temporarily stored in their respective processors' load buffer. When one of the processors performs a store, a snoop operation is performed on the other processors' load buffers. If the snoop results in a hit, a determination is made as to whether that load buffer contains any prior conflicting speculative loads which have been completed. If the load buffer does contain a prior conflicting load, a processor ordering violation signal is generated. In response to this signal, the violating load and all subsequent operations are canceled and re-executed at a later time.
摘要翻译：一种用于在多处理器计算机系统中维持处理器排序的装置，其中负载被推测地执行。每个处理器的推测负载临时存储在它们各自的处理器的负载缓冲器中。当其中一个处理器执行存储时，对其他处理器的负载缓冲区执行窥探操作。如果窥探导致命中，则确定该加载缓冲器是否包含已经完成的任何先前冲突的推测负载。如果加载缓冲区确实包含先前存在冲突的负载，则会生成处理器排序违规信号。响应于该信号，违反负载和所有后续操作将在以后被取消并重新执行。

6. 发明授权

US5671444A Methods and apparatus for caching data in a non-blocking manner using a plurality of fill buffers 失效
标题翻译：使用多个填充缓冲器以非阻塞方式高速缓存数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5671444A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-23
申请号：US731545
申请日：1996-10-15
申请人： Haitham Akkary , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mandar S. Joshi , Brent E. Lince
发明人： Haitham Akkary , Jeffrey M. Abramson , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mandar S. Joshi , Brent E. Lince
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0859 , G06F12/0831
摘要： A data cache and a plurality of companion fill buffers having corresponding tag matching circuitry are provided to a computer system. Each fill buffer independently stores and tracks a replacement cache line being filled with data returning from main memory in response to a cache miss. When the cache fill is completed, the replacement cache line is output for the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache if the memory locations are cacheable and the cache line has not been snoop hit while the cache fill was in progress. Additionally, the fill buffers are organized and provided with sufficient address and data ports as well as selectors to allow the fill buffers to respond to subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops that hit their cache lines while the cache fills are in progress. As a result, the cache tag and data arrays of the data cache can continue to serve subsequent processor loads and stores, and external snoops, while one or more cache fills are in progress, without ever having to stall the processor.
摘要翻译：具有对应的标签匹配电路的数据高速缓存和多个伴随填充缓冲器被提供给计算机系统。每个填充缓冲器独立地存储和跟踪填充有响应于高速缓存未命中从主存储器返回的数据的替换高速缓存行。当缓存填充完成时，如果内存位置是可高速缓存的，并且缓存填充正在进行时，缓存线尚未被窥探，则会为高速缓存标签和数据高速缓存的数据阵列输出替换高速缓存行。此外，填充缓冲区被组织并提供有足够的地址和数据端口以及选择器，以允许填充缓冲区响应后续处理器负载和存储，以及在高速缓存填充正在进行时触发其缓存行的外部监听。因此，数据高速缓存的高速缓存标签和数据阵列可以在一个或多个缓存填充正在进行的同时继续提供后续的处理器加载和存储以及外部监听，而无需停止处理器。

7. 发明授权

US5860154A Method and apparatus for calculating effective memory addresses 失效
标题翻译：用于计算有效存储器地址的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5860154A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US778969
申请日：1997-01-06
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mark A. Timko
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Mark A. Timko
IPC分类号： G06F9/318 , G06F9/355 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/3555 , G06F9/3017
摘要： A macro instruction is provided for a microprocessor which allows a programmer to specify a base value, index, scale factor and displacement value for calculating an effective address and returning that result in a single clock cycle. The macro instruction is converted into a micro operation which is provided to the single-cycle execution unit with the required source operands for performing the calculation. Within the single-cycle execution unit, the index and scale factor are provided to a left shifter for multiplying the two values. The result of the left shift operation is added to the sum of the base and displacement. This results in the effective address which is then returned from the single-cycle execution unit to a predetermined destination. This provides for the calculation of an effective address in a single cycle pipeline execution unit that is independent of the memory system execution units.
摘要翻译：为微处理器提供宏指令，允许程序员指定基值，索引，比例因子和位移值，用于计算有效地址并在单个时钟周期内返回该结果。宏指令被转换为微操作，其被提供给具有用于执行计算的所需源操作数的单周期执行单元。在单周期执行单元内，将索引和比例因子提供给用于乘以两个值的左移位器。左移操作的结果被加到底座和位移之和上。这导致有效地址然后从单周期执行单元返回到预定的目的地。这提供了独立于存储器系统执行单元的单周期流水线执行单元中的有效地址的计算。

8. 发明授权

US5717882A Method and apparatus for dispatching and executing a load operation to memory 失效
标题翻译：用于调度和执行对存储器的加载操作的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5717882A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-10
申请号：US764643
申请日：1996-12-11
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , David B. Papworth , Michael A. Fetterman
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , David B. Papworth , Michael A. Fetterman
IPC分类号： G06F9/312 , G06F9/38 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/30043 , G06F9/3824 , G06F9/3826 , G06F9/3834 , G06F9/3836
摘要： A method and apparatus for performing operations with a processor in a computer system. Load operations are performed by use of a dispatch pipeline and a memory execution pipeline. The dispatch pipeline dispatches the load operation for execution by the processor, while the memory execution pipeline controls the execution of the load operation to memory. The present invention reduces the latency involved in executing a load operation by coupling the execution of the two pipelines during execution of the load operation.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用计算机系统中的处理器执行操作的方法和装置。通过使用调度管道和存储器执行管线来执行加载操作。调度管道调度处理器执行的加载操作，而存储器执行流水线控制对存储器的加载操作的执行。本发明通过在执行加载操作期间耦合两条管线的执行来减少执行加载操作所涉及的延迟。

9. 发明授权

US5708843A Method and apparatus for handling code segment violations in a computer system 失效
标题翻译：在计算机系统中处理代码段违规的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5708843A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-13
申请号：US544558
申请日：1995-10-18
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Rohit Vidwans
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Rohit Vidwans
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F9/312
CPC分类号： G06F9/3865
摘要： A memory operation is issued in a processor. Upon detecting both that the memory operation produces a code segment violation and that the memory operation is blocked at retirement, a blocking signal is produced to block a bus access responsive to the memory operation. A second signal signifies that the memory operation completed.
摘要翻译：在处理器中发出存储器操作。在检测到存储器操作产生代码段违反并且在退出时存储器操作被阻止的情况下，产生阻塞信号以阻止响应于存储器操作的总线访问。第二个信号表示内存操作完成。

10. 发明授权

US5664137A Method and apparatus for executing and dispatching store operations in a computer system 失效
标题翻译：用于在计算机系统中执行和调度存储操作的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5664137A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-02
申请号：US525499
申请日：1995-09-07
申请人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Atig A. Bajwa , Michael A. Fetterman , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Joel Huang , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Prem Pahlajrai
发明人： Jeffrey M. Abramson , Haitham Akkary , Atig A. Bajwa , Michael A. Fetterman , Andrew F. Glew , Glenn J. Hinton , Joel Huang , Kris G. Konigsfeld , Paul D. Madland , Prem Pahlajrai
IPC分类号： G06F9/312 , G06F9/38 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/3889 , G06F9/30043 , G06F9/3824 , G06F9/3826 , G06F9/3834 , G06F9/3836 , G06F9/3855 , G06F9/3857
摘要： A method and apparatus for performing store operations that includes calculating the address and obtaining the data for the store operation. The address represents the memory location to which the data is to be stored. Once the address is calculated and the data obtained, the store operation is committed to processor state. The store operation may be dispatched to memory to complete the execution of the store operation.
摘要翻译：一种用于执行存储操作的方法和装置，包括计算地址并获得用于存储操作的数据。地址表示要存储数据的存储器位置。一旦计算了地址并获得了数据，存储操作就被提交到处理器状态。可以将存储操作调度到存储器以完成存储操作的执行。

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