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    • 1. 发明申请
    • Electrochemical gas sensor
    • 电化学气体传感器
    • US20060124458A1
    • 2006-06-15
    • US11232562
    • 2005-09-22
    • Andreas NauberDieter KrugerMichael SickChristoph BernsteinMichael DietrichHans-Jurgen BusackRigobert ChrzanKathrin Hermann
    • Andreas NauberDieter KrugerMichael SickChristoph BernsteinMichael DietrichHans-Jurgen BusackRigobert ChrzanKathrin Hermann
    • G01N27/26
    • G01N27/404Y02E60/366
    • An electrochemical gas sensor with a stacked arrangement of electrodes and nonwoven layers arranged in parallel, comprising at least one measuring electrode (3) and at least one counterelectrode (5). A porous membrane (8) that is permeable to air is in contact with the stacked arrangement of electrodes and nonwoven layers arranged in parallel at least on one side, at least one layer of a hydrophilic nonwoven (7) is located between the electrodes. The porous membrane (8) that is permeable to air and the hydrophilic nonwoven (7) extend into a separate equalization volume (9), which is filled with electrolyte at least partially and is located at least partially in one plane with the electrodes. The separate equalization volume (9) surrounds the electrode arrangement at least partially in this plane, and the porous membrane (8) that is permeable to air is exposed to ambient pressure at least in partial areas. Such sensors are characterized by a flat shape, high insensitivity to shocks, independence from the position, and high tolerance to variations in environmental humidity.
    • 一种电化学气体传感器,其具有并联布置的电极和非织造层的堆叠布置,包括至少一个测量电极(3)和至少一个反电极(5)。 可渗透空气的多孔膜(8)与至少在一侧平行布置的电极和非织造层的堆叠布置接触,至少一层亲水性无纺布(7)位于电极之间。 可渗透空气的多孔膜(8)和亲水性无纺布(7)延伸到独立的均衡体积(9)中,其中至少部分地填充有电解质并且至少部分地与电极位于一个平面中。 分离的均衡体积(9)至少部分地围绕电极装置在该平面中,并且可渗透空气的多孔膜(8)至少在部分区域暴露于环境压力。 这种传感器的特征在于平坦的形状,对冲击的高度不敏感性,与位置的独立性以及对环境湿度变化的高耐受性。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Process for the casting of metals in a continuous casting installation
with continuous strand withdrawal
    • 在连续铸造设备中铸造金属的方法,其中连续退火
    • US5482106A
    • 1996-01-09
    • US286986
    • 1994-08-06
    • Erich HoffkenDieter KrugerHeinz MattenGunter PietzkoJurgen Scharlack
    • Erich HoffkenDieter KrugerHeinz MattenGunter PietzkoJurgen Scharlack
    • B22D11/18B22D11/20B22D11/16
    • B22D11/20B22D11/18
    • A process for continuous casting of a metal comprises continuously withdrawing a strand of the metal from a mold along a strand withdrawal direction, measuring the expansion of an inside wall of the mold along the strand withdrawal direction to obtain a component of inside wall expansion in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces exerted on the inside wall, and controlling the speed of withdrawal based on the component of inside wall expansion in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces. If the component of inside wall expansion of in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces exceeds certain limit values, the withdrawal step is slowed or interrupted, thereby eliminating break-outs due to cobbles. In an embodiment of the invention, expansion measurements are also taken along a direction transverse to the withdrawal direction, enabling the elimination of the component of expansion in the withdrawal direction due to heat.
    • 一种连续铸造金属的方法包括:沿钢丝绳退出方向从模具连续取出金属股,测量模具内壁沿钢丝绳退出方向的膨胀,从而获得内壁膨胀成分 由于施加在内壁上的机械力引起的股线退出方向,并且由于机械力而基于股线退出方向上的内壁膨胀部分来控制退出速度。 如果由于机械力引起的股线退出方向的内壁膨胀部分超过某一极限值,则退出步骤变慢或中断,从而消除由于鹅卵石而导致的断裂。 在本发明的一个实施例中,也沿横向于抽出方向的方向进行膨胀测量,从而能够消除由于热量引起的抽出方向的膨胀分量。