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1. 发明授权

US4242419A Epitaxial growth of superconductors such as Nb.sub.3 Ge superconductors 失效
标题翻译：超导体如Nb3Ge超导体的外延生长
公开(公告)号：US4242419A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-30
申请号：US865510
申请日：1977-12-29
申请人： Aly H. Dayem , Theodore H. Geballe , Chandra K. N. Patel , Ping K. Tien
发明人： Aly H. Dayem , Theodore H. Geballe , Chandra K. N. Patel , Ping K. Tien
IPC分类号： H01L39/24 , H01B1/02
CPC分类号： H01L39/2409 , Y10S505/806 , Y10S505/812 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/12812 , Y10T428/12819
摘要： Nb.sub.3 Ge, Nb.sub.3 Al and Nb.sub.3 Si are prepared in A15 structures at the exact stoichiometric ratio with epitaxial growth on selected substrates. The phase diagrams of the materials are altered by this technique and only the A15 phase is stable at the stoichiometric ratios thus permitting attainment of higher and sharper transition temperatures.
摘要翻译： Nb3Ge，Nb3Al和Nb3Si在A15结构中以精确的化学计量比与所选衬底上的外延生长制备。通过该技术改变材料的相图，并且只有A15相以化学计量比稳定，从而可以获得更高和更尖锐的转变温度。

2. 发明授权

US4303343A Optoacoustic spectroscopy of condensed matter in bulk form 失效
标题翻译：凝聚物的散光形态的光学光谱
公开(公告)号：US4303343A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-01
申请号：US125985
申请日：1980-02-29
申请人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Andrew C. Tam
发明人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Andrew C. Tam
IPC分类号： G01N21/17 , G01N29/00 , G01N29/24 , G01N21/01
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N29/00 , G01N29/2418 , G01N2291/0421
摘要： Method and apparatus for high-sensitivity (.alpha..ltorsim.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.-1) optoacoustic (OA) spectroscopy of substantially transparent bulk condensed matter. Part of the sample to be investigated is irradiated by pulses of radiation, typically from a pulsed dye laser. The small amount of energy absorbed by the sample causes thermal expansion of the irradiated region, resulting in cylindrical stress waves being radiated from that region. These stress waves can be observed with appropriate detection means at a location remote from the source. The method is applicable to essentially transparent liquids, and solids, and to absorptive solids suspended in liquids, and the like. Possible choices of probe radiation are not only the conventional ones of visible, near UV, and near infrared electromagnetic radiation, but also, for instance, .gamma.-rays, x-rays, vacuum UV, and far infrared. Two conditions are shown to exist that relate pulse duration, beam size, and various material parameters, observation of which results in optimization of the sensitivity of the method, and the sensitivity is typically highest for pulses having duration of about 10.sup.-7 sec-10.sup.-4 sec.
摘要翻译：用于基本上透明的大体积凝聚物的高灵敏度（α近似10-6cm-1）光声（OA）光谱的方法和装置。待调查的样品的一部分被辐射的脉冲照射，通常来自脉冲染料激光。样品吸收的少量能量引起照射区域的热膨胀，导致圆柱形应力波从该区域辐射。这些应力波可以用适当的检测装置在远离源的位置观察。该方法适用于基本上透明的液体和固体，以及悬浮在液体中的吸收性固体等。探头辐射的可能选择不仅仅是可见光，近紫外线和近红外电磁辐射的传统方法，而且还可以是例如γ射线，X射线，真空紫外线和远红外线。显示存在两个条件，其涉及脉冲持续时间，光束尺寸和各种材料参数，观察其导致该方法的灵敏度的优化，并且对于具有约10-7秒-10的脉冲的灵敏度通常是最高的 -4秒

3. 发明授权

US4571576A High speed analog-to-digital converter 失效
标题翻译：高速模数转换器
公开(公告)号：US4571576A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-18
申请号：US546991
申请日：1983-10-31
申请人： Nils A. Olsson , Chandra K. N. Patel
发明人： Nils A. Olsson , Chandra K. N. Patel
IPC分类号： G02F7/00 , H03M1/00
CPC分类号： G02F7/00 , H03M1/12
摘要： An analog-to-digital converter using a frequency tunable laser having output radiation of a frequency determined by the input voltage to the laser is described.
摘要翻译：描述了使用具有由对激光器的输入电压确定的频率的输出辐射的频率可调激光器的模数转换器。

4. 发明授权

US4276780A Optoacoustic spectroscopy of thin layers 失效
标题翻译：薄层光声光谱
公开(公告)号：US4276780A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US98630
申请日：1979-11-29
申请人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Andrew C. Tam
发明人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Andrew C. Tam
IPC分类号： G01N21/17 , G01N29/22 , G01N29/24 , G01N29/34 , G01N29/46 , G01N29/00
CPC分类号： G01N29/2425 , G01N21/1702 , G01N29/223 , G01N29/2431 , G01N29/346 , G01N29/46 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/0231 , G01N2291/0237 , G01N2291/02416 , G01N2291/02827 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/0426 , G01N2291/102
摘要： Method and apparatus for high-sensitivity optoacoustic (OA) spectroscopy of condensed matter in thin layer form. The layer to be investigated is to be in intimate contact with a solid substrate that is essentially transparent to the probe radiation, and that is capable of transmitting ultrasonic vibrations. Intermittent probe radiation, focused to a diameter typically 10.sup.-3 -1 cm when incident on the layer, cause local heating and dimensional change in the irradiated region of the layer. The dimensional change of that region causes deformation of the adjacent substrate material, the irradiated layer region thereby becoming a source of ultrasonic waves that are spreading out in the substrate from the source region, and which can be observed with appropriate detection means at a location remote from the source. The method is applicable to liquids, solids suspended in liquids, gels, continuous or discontinuous solid films, powders, monolayers of strongly absorbing atoms, surfaces, and layerlike distributions of absorbing atoms within an essentially transparent matrix. Possible choices of probe radiation are not only the conventional ones of visible, near-UV, and near-infrared electromagnetic radiation, but also, for instance, X-rays, vacuum UV, and infrared, and matter beams, such as electron, ion, or neutral atom beams. Typical means for detecting the ultrasonic signal are ultrasonic bulk wave or surface wave transducers. For sufficiently short probe pulses, the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal is directly proportional to the absorption of the layer material at the frequency of the probe radiation, but longer pulses, such as, for instance, are obtained from mechanical choppers, can be used also. Apparatus is disclosed that minimizes interference with the measurement due to scattered light and transducer ringing, and that permits the measurement of fractional absorption down to 10.sup.-6 or less.
摘要翻译：用于薄层形式的凝聚物的高灵敏度光声（OA）光谱法的方法和装置。待研究的层应与基本上对探针辐射透明的固体基底紧密接触，并且能够发射超声波振动。间歇探针辐射，当入射到层上时，聚焦到通常为10-3-1cm的直径，引起层的照射区域的局部加热和尺寸变化。该区域的尺寸变化导致相邻基板材料的变形，因此照射的层区域成为从源极区域在基板中扩展的超声波源，并且可以通过适当的检测装置在远程位置观察从源头。该方法适用于液体，悬浮在液体中的固体，凝胶，连续或不连续的固体膜，粉末，强吸收原子的单层，表面和基本上透明的基质内吸收原子的层状分布。探测辐射的可能选择不仅是常规的可见光，近紫外和近红外电磁辐射，还可以是例如X射线，真空紫外线和红外线以及物质光束，如电子，离子，或中性原子束。用于检测超声信号的典型装置是超声波体波或表面波换能器。对于足够短的探针脉冲，超声波信号的振幅与探针辐射频率处的层材料的吸收成正比，但是也可以使用诸如例如机械斩波器的较长脉冲。公开了使散射光和换能器振铃引起的对测量的干扰最小化的装置，并且允许将分数吸收的测量降低到10-6或更小。

5. 发明授权

US4583539A Laser surgical system 失效
标题翻译：激光手术系统
公开(公告)号：US4583539A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US338926
申请日：1982-01-12
申请人： David B. Karlin , Chandra K. N. Patel , Obert R. Wood, II , Thomas J. Bridges , Albert R. Strnad
发明人： David B. Karlin , Chandra K. N. Patel , Obert R. Wood, II , Thomas J. Bridges , Albert R. Strnad
IPC分类号： A61B17/00 , A61B18/20 , A61F9/011 , A61B17/36
CPC分类号： A61B18/20 , A61B18/201 , A61F9/00821 , A61B2017/00973 , A61B2018/00636 , A61F2009/00863 , A61F2009/00874
摘要： A laser surgical instrument uses a CO.sub.2 laser source and an articulated arm structure to maintain single mode transmission of a 10.6 .mu.m beam to probe. In one configuration, high power is maintained for photo-transection and/or photocauterization. A second probe embodiment introduces other degrees of functionality such as aspiration, irrigation and internal viewing. Internal illumination is achieved by using the sheaths of quartz waveguides to transmit visible light while the laser beam is propagated internally in the waveguide structure.
摘要翻译：激光手术器械使用CO2激光源和铰接臂结构来维持10.6μm波束到探头的单模传输。在一种配置中，维持高功率用于光切断和/或光灼。第二个探针实施例引入了诸如抽吸，灌洗和内部观察等其他功能。通过使用石英波导的护套透射可见光来实现内部照明，同时激光束在波导结构内部传播。

6. 发明授权

US4529942A Free-electron amplifier device with electromagnetic radiation delay element 失效
标题翻译：具有电磁辐射延迟元件的自由电子放大器
公开(公告)号：US4529942A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-16
申请号：US343841
申请日：1982-01-29
申请人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Earl D. Shaw
发明人： Chandra K. N. Patel , Earl D. Shaw
IPC分类号： H01S1/00 , H01S3/09
CPC分类号： H01S3/0903 , H01S1/005
摘要： In the interest of increased efficiency and gain of free-electron amplifier devices, means are provided for retarding electromagnetic radiation in such devices. This permits an electron beam pulse to catch up with a pulse of electromagnetic radiation and thus to interact repeatedly with electromagnetic radiation. Retarding means may be implemented, e.g., as one or several waveguides having suitable diameter and length; alternatively, resonant filters consisting essentially of wire meshes can be used.
摘要翻译：为了提高自由电子放大器装置的效率和增益，提供了用于在这些装置中延迟电磁辐射的装置。这允许电子束脉冲赶上电磁辐射的脉冲，从而与电磁辐射重复地相互作用。延迟装置可以被实现为例如具有适当直径和长度的一个或多个波导; 或者，可以使用基本上由线网组成的谐振滤波器。

7. 发明授权

US4358467A Method for shelling of nuts with a laser beam 失效
标题翻译：用激光束炮击螺母的方法
公开(公告)号：US4358467A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-09
申请号：US195374
申请日：1980-10-09
申请人： Chandra K. N. Patel
发明人： Chandra K. N. Patel
IPC分类号： A23L25/00 , A23N5/00 , A23L1/212
CPC分类号： A23N5/00 , A23L25/20
摘要： The removal of shells from hard shelled nuts, particularly macadamia nuts, is accomplished by rotating the nut in the path of a high power cw laser beam, such as a CO.sub.2 laser beam, so as to burn a path around the shell which separates the shell into parts which can readily be removed from the nut. A low power laser beam of a wavelength for which the nut shell and underlying nut meat have substantially different reflectivities, such as a helium-neon laser beam, is arranged to strike the nut collinearly with the high power beam. When the nut meat is exposed as the path in the shell is burned away, the intensity of the low power beam light which is reflected by the nut increases, and this increase is detected to give an indication of the completion of the shell burning operation.
摘要翻译：通过在大功率cw激光束（例如CO 2激光束）的路径中旋转螺母来实现从硬壳螺母（特别是澳洲坚果）中去除壳体，以便燃烧围绕壳体的路径，该壳体将壳体分离可以容易地从螺母移除的部分。螺母壳和下面的螺母肉具有基本上不同的反射率的波长的低功率激光束，例如氦氖激光束，被布置成与大功率光束共线地撞击螺母。当螺母肉暴露在外壳中的路径被烧毁时，由螺母反射的低功率光束的强度增加，并且检测到该增加以提供壳燃烧操作的完成的指示。

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