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    • 7. 发明授权
    • Charging device, method for producing charging device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
    • 充电装置,充电装置的制造方法,处理盒和成像装置
    • US08401421B2
    • 2013-03-19
    • US13038957
    • 2011-03-02
    • Takeshi Kawai
    • Takeshi Kawai
    • G03G15/02
    • G03G15/0233G03G15/0225Y10T29/49826
    • A charging device includes: a charging component, and a cleaning member for the charging component, containing a substrate and an elastic layer that contains a silicone oil and is arranged in a spiral form on an outer surface of the substrate, the charging device being satisfying a following formula: A≦6 atomic % wherein A is a maximum value of the contents of Si atom constituting a siloxane skeleton with respect to total atoms at a contact part where the charging component is brought into contact with the elastic layer and at a non-contact part where the charging component is not brought into contact with the elastic layer, in which the contents of Si atom are obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a surface of the charging component after preparing the elastic layer of the cleaning member for the charging component in an initial state and the charging component in an initial state to bring into contact with each other for 24 hours.
    • 充电装置包括:充电部件和用于充电部件的清洁部件,其包含基板和包含硅油的弹性层,并且以螺旋形式布置在基板的外表面上,充电装置满足 下式:A≦̸ 6原子%其中A是构成硅氧烷骨架的Si原子的含量相对于充电组分与弹性层接触的接触部分处的总原子的最大值, 接触部分,其中充电部件不与弹性层接触,其中通过在制备用于所述第一部件的清洁部件的弹性层的充电部件的表面的X射线光电子能谱法获得Si原子的含量 充电部件处于初始状态,充电部件处于初始状态,使其彼此接触24小时。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Air fuel ratio detection apparatus
    • 空燃比检测装置
    • US07964073B2
    • 2011-06-21
    • US11604218
    • 2006-11-27
    • Masamichi HiraiwaTakeshi KawaiSatoshi TeramotoShigeki MoriHiroshi Inagaki
    • Masamichi HiraiwaTakeshi KawaiSatoshi TeramotoShigeki MoriHiroshi Inagaki
    • G01N27/419
    • G01N27/419
    • Using a gas detection voltage Vs output from a terminal CU, a determination is made at to whether, after startup of an air-fuel ratio detection apparatus (1), a full-range air-fuel ratio sensor (10) has reached a semi-activated state in which a determination can be made as to whether the air-fuel ratio is on the rich or lean side based on a change in a gas detection signal Vic. After determining that the sensor has reached the semi-activated state, the signal Vic is compared with a threshold to determine whether the air-fuel ratio is on the rich or lean side. In the apparatus (1), the potential difference between an outer pump electrode of a pump cell (14) and a reference electrode of an oxygen concentration measurement cell (24) is obtained via a first differential amplification circuit (53) as the gas detection signal Vic, the signal Vic being highly responsive to a change in air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas.
    • 使用从端子CU输出的气体检测电压Vs,判定在空燃比检测装置(1)启动后,全范围空燃比传感器(10)到达半空 基于气体检测信号Vic的变化,能够进行空燃比是富气还是偏侧的判定。 在确定传感器已经达到半激活状态之后,将信号Vic与阈值进行比较,以确定空燃比是富有还是偏侧。 在装置(1)中,通过作为气体检测器的第一差分放大电路(53)获得泵电池(14)的外泵电极与氧浓度测定电池(24)的参比电极之间的电位差 信号Vic,信号Vic对废气的空燃比变化高度响应。