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1. 发明授权

US06262798B1 Method and apparatus for direct spectrophotometric measurements in unaltered whole blood 失效
标题翻译：在未改变的全血中进行直接分光光度测量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06262798B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US07953680
申请日：1992-09-29
申请人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
发明人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
IPC分类号： G01N3348
CPC分类号： G01N21/31 , G01N33/72 , G01N2021/3148
摘要： A method and apparatus that allows accurate spectrophotometric determination of the concentrations of various hemoglobin species in whole blood without hemolysis or dilution. To overcome the complex optical properties of whole blood, the invention employs 1) an optical apparatus designed to maximize the true optical absorbance of whole blood and to minimize the effects of light scattering on the spectrophotometric measurements of the concentrations of various constituent components, and 2) methods to correct the hemoglobin concentration measurements for light scattering and for the effects of the finite bandwidth of the substantially monochromatic light. In the optical apparatus (including an optical cuvette) all optical parameters, such as sample thickness, detector size and shape, sample-to-detector distance, wavelengths, monochromicity, and maximum angle of light capture by detector, are optimal values so as to minimize the contribution of light scattering to the total optical attenuation of unaltered whole blood and so as to maximize the contribution of true optical absorbance. After making measurements of a blood sample's optical density at each of the wavelengths, the invention makes corrections for the effects of light scattering by red blood cells, for light scattering produced by other causes, and (if necessary) for the effects of the finite bandwidth of the substantially monochromatic light.
摘要翻译：一种能够准确分光光度测定全血中各种血红蛋白物质浓度而不溶血或稀释的方法和装置。为了克服全血的复杂的光学性质，本发明采用1）一种设计用于使全血的真正光吸收最大化并使光散射对各种组成成分的浓度的分光光度测量最小化的光学装置，以及2 ）方法来校正光散射的血红蛋白浓度测量和基本单色光的有限带宽的影响。在光学设备（包括光学比色皿）中，所有光学参数，例如样品厚度，检测器尺寸和形状，采样到检测器距离，波长，单色度和检测器捕获的光的最大角度都是最佳值，以便最小化光散射对未改变全血的总光衰减的贡献，并使真光吸收的贡献最大化。在对每个波长的血液样品的光密度进行测量之后，本发明对由红细胞引起的光散射对其他原因产生的光散射的影响以及（如果需要的话）校正有限带宽的影响的基本单色光。

2. 发明授权

US07075628B2 Method and apparatus for direct spectrophotometric measurements in unaltered whole blood 失效
标题翻译：在未改变的全血中进行直接分光光度测量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07075628B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-11
申请号：US10313220
申请日：2002-12-06
申请人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
发明人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
IPC分类号： G01N33/48 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/31 , G01N33/72 , G01N2021/3148
摘要： A method and apparatus that allows accurate spectrophotometric determination of the concentrations of various hemoglobin species in whole undiluted blood. The invention employs 1) an optical apparatus designed to maximize the true optical absorbance of whole blood and to minimize the effects of light scattering on the spectrophotometric measurements of the concentrations of various constituent components, and 2) methods to correct the hemoglobin concentration measurements for light scattering and for the effects of the finite bandwidth of the substantially monochromatic light. In the optical apparatus optical parameters, such as sample thickness, detector size and shape, sample-to-detector distance, wavelengths, monochromicity, and maximum angle of light capture by detector, are selected so as to minimize the contribution of light scattering to maximize the contribution of true optical absorbance. After making measurements of a blood sample's optical density at each of the wavelengths, corrections are made for the effects of light scattering.
摘要翻译：一种能够准确分光光度测定整个未稀释血液中各种血红蛋白物质浓度的方法和装置。本发明使用1）一种设计用于使全血的真正光吸收最大化并使光散射对各种组成成分的浓度的分光光度测量的影响最小化的光学装置，以及2）校正光的血红蛋白浓度测量的方法散射和基本上单色光的有限带宽的影响。在光学设备中，选择光学参数，例如样品厚度，检测器尺寸和形状，采样到检测器的距离，波长，单色度和检测器的光捕获的最大角度，以使光散射的贡献最小化真正吸光度的贡献。在对每个波长的血液样品的光密度进行测量之后，对光散射的影响进行校正。

3. 发明授权

US5061632A Capillary tube hemoglobinometer and oximeter 失效
标题翻译：毛细管血红蛋白计和血氧计
公开(公告)号：US5061632A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-29
申请号：US304744
申请日：1989-01-31
申请人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
发明人： A. P. Shepherd , John M. Steinke
IPC分类号： G01N21/31
CPC分类号： G01N21/314 , G01N2021/3144 , G01N2021/3155 , G01N2021/3181
摘要： An oximeter that measures both the total hemoglobin concentration in whole, undiluted blood and the percentage of the hemoglobin saturated with oxygen. The oximeter uses red and infrared light-emitting diodes to illuminate a capillary tube filled with a sample of whole, undiluted blood. Light scattered by the blood travels a short distance down the length of the capillary tube and reaches a photodetector, the output of which is amplified, digitized, and fed to a microprocessor. The microprocessor computes the total hemoglobin concentration as a nonlinear monotonic function of the infrared light intensity. Oxyhemoglobin saturation is computed from the ratio of the logarithms of the intensities of red and infrared light. The invention provides a measurement of oxygen saturation without calibration shifts present in other oximeters due to fluctuations in total hemoglobin concentration. In addition, the present invention is accurate over a wide range of oxygen saturation, and the blood samples are not diluted or hemolyzed and can thus be preserved for further analysis.
摘要翻译：测量全血，未稀释血液中的总血红蛋白浓度和用氧饱和血红蛋白的百分比的血氧计。血氧仪使用红色和红外发光二极管来照亮填充有全部未稀释血液的样品的毛细管。由血液散射的光沿毛细管的长度向下移动一小段距离，并到达光电检测器，其输出被放大，数字化并送入微处理器。微处理器将总血红蛋白浓度计算为红外光强度的非线性单调函数。氧化血红蛋白饱和度是根据红色和红外光强度的对数比计算的。本发明提供氧饱和度的测量，而由于总血红蛋白浓度的波动，在其它血氧计中不存在校准位移。此外，本发明在宽范围的氧饱和度范围内是准确的，并且血液样本不被稀释或溶血，因此可以被保留以供进一步分析。

4. 发明授权

US5430542A Disposable optical cuvette 失效
标题翻译：一次性光学比色皿
公开(公告)号：US5430542A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-04
申请号：US867031
申请日：1992-04-10
申请人： A. P. Shepherd
发明人： A. P. Shepherd
IPC分类号： G01N21/05 , G01N21/03
CPC分类号： G01N21/05 , G01N2021/0346 , G01N2021/056
摘要： A method and apparatus for making cuvettes. The cuvette comprises two optically transparent liquid impermeable plastic sheets. A third "sticky" sheet is inserted between the two transparent plastic sheets and the three sheets are pressure sealed together. The thickness of the "sticky" sheet defines the optical pathlength of the turbid media. The "sticky" sheet has cut outs defining the contour of an optical chamber, inlet port and vent port.
摘要翻译：一种制作比色杯的方法和装置。试管包括两个光学透明的液体不可渗透的塑料片。在这两个透明塑料片之间插入第三个“粘性”片，并将三张片压在一起。 “粘性”片材的厚度定义了混浊介质的光程长度。 “粘性”片材具有限定光学腔室，入口和排气口轮廓的切口。

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