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1. 发明授权

US4778951A Arrays of resistive elements for use in touch panels and for producing electric fields 失效
标题翻译：用于触摸屏和用于生产电场的电阻元件数组
公开(公告)号：US4778951A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-18
申请号：US140885
申请日：1988-01-04
申请人： William Pepper, Jr. , Robert A. Moog
发明人： William Pepper, Jr. , Robert A. Moog
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/045
摘要： Selected touch point locating apparatus has an array of two or more electrical touch members constituted by impedance elements coupled to a circuit for causing electric current to flow through a selected touch point as the algebraic sum of separate currents through the electrical touch members. The relative amplitudes are translated into at least two signals corresponding to the location in two axes of the selected touch point.
摘要翻译：所选择的触点定位装置具有两个或多个电触摸部件的阵列，该电触摸部件由耦合到电路的阻抗元件构成，用于使电流流过选定的触摸点，作为通过电接触部件的分离电流的代数之和。相对幅度被转换成对应于所选触摸点的两个轴中的位置的至少两个信号。

2. 发明授权

US4517292A Method and apparatus for testing microbial interaction with growth affecting substances 失效
标题翻译：用于测试微生物与生长影响物质相互作用的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4517292A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US379367
申请日：1982-05-18
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： C12M1/34 , C12Q1/02 , C12Q1/18 , C12M1/26 , C12M1/32 , C12Q1/24
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , C12M25/06 , C12M41/36 , C12Q1/025 , Y10S435/808
摘要： A method and apparatus for calculating the growth interacting substance potency and growth ratio for the intersections of a scanning spot with a track of visible microbial colonies on an interaction plate. The potency is a measure of the weight of a growth interacting substance which is deposited on the interaction plate per unit volume of the growth culture medium. The growth ratio is a measure of the growth interacting substance effect on growth of colonies of microbes on the interaction plate along the path of interaction of the scanning spot with visible microbial colonies.
摘要翻译：用于计算扫描斑点与相互作用板上的可见微生物菌落的轨道的交点的生长相互作用物质效能和生长比的方法和装置。效力是沉积在每单位体积的生长培养基的相互作用板上的生长相互作用物质的重量的量度。生长比是衡量生长相互作用物质对扫描斑点与可见微生物菌落相互作用的相互作用板上微生物群落生长的影响。

3. 发明授权

US4293734A Touch panel system and method 失效
标题翻译：触摸屏系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4293734A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-06
申请号：US14450
申请日：1979-02-23
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： A63F9/00 , A63F13/06 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G10H1/055 , G08C21/00 , G01N27/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/045 , A63F13/06 , A63F13/214 , G10H1/055 , A63F2009/0004 , A63F2300/1068 , A63F2300/8047 , G06F2203/04113
摘要： A general method is disclosed for accurately determining the location or position of a source or sink of electric current on the surface of a resistance element or impedance layer. Touch panels are described that detect the presence of a user's finger on such surface, and produce output signals corresponding to the position of the finger in one or more axes. A preferred embodiment discloses a touch panel that includes a signal generator and determines the position of the user's finger from current flowing through the user's body to ground. Another touch panel embodiment determines the position of the user's finger from currents caused by ambient electrical noise. A pressure-sensitive touch panel, a transparent touch panel for use with a video display, a touch-panel-controlled audio mixer, and a video game incorporating touch panels are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于精确地确定电阻元件或阻抗层表面上的电流源或信宿的位置或位置的通用方法。描述了触摸面板，其检测在这种表面上存在用户的手指，并且产生与手指在一个或多个轴中的位置相对应的输出信号。优选实施例公开了一种触摸面板，其包括信号发生器并且确定用户手指从当前流经用户身体到地面的位置。另一触摸屏实施例确定用户手指从环境电噪声引起的电流的位置。还公开了压敏触摸面板，用于视频显示器的透明触摸面板，触摸面板控制的音频混合器和结合触摸面板的视频游戏。

4. 发明授权

US4755634A Conductive electrode arrays and arrays of resistive elements for use in touch panels and for producing electric fields 失效
标题翻译：导电电极阵列和电阻元件阵列，用于触摸面板和用于生产电场
公开(公告)号：US4755634A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-05
申请号：US513133
申请日：1983-07-12
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F3/044 , G06F3/045 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/045 , G06F3/044
摘要： Selected touch point locating apparatus has an array of two or more electrical touch members constituted by conductive electrodes or impedance elements coupled to a circuit for causing electric current to flow through a selected touch point as the algebraic sum of separate currents through the electrical touch members. The relative amplitudes are translated into at least two signals corresponding to the location in two axes of the selected touch point.
摘要翻译：所选择的触点定位装置具有两个或更多个电触摸部件的阵列，该电触摸部件由导电电极或阻抗元件组成，该电触点或耦合到电路的阻抗元件用于使电流流过选定的触摸点，作为通过电触摸部件的分离电流的代数之和。相对幅度被转换成对应于所选触摸点的两个轴中的位置的至少两个信号。

5. 发明授权

US4371746A Edge terminations for impedance planes 失效
标题翻译：阻抗平面的边缘终端
公开(公告)号：US4371746A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US120605
申请日：1980-02-12
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： A63F9/00 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , G10H1/055 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , G10H1/0558 , A63F2009/0004 , A63F2300/1037 , A63F2300/1068 , A63F2300/8047 , G06F2203/04113
摘要： Edge terminations for polygonal impedance or resistance surfaces provide linearization of current flow to and/or from the surface through electrical connections at the vertices of the polygon. The edge terminations are constituted by a series of parallel ranks or rows of connective segments overlaid, inlaid or printed at each edge of the polygonal surface with the innermost row or rank being short straight segments and the length of each segment of the next innermost row, respectively, being longer. The central segment in each row or rank is electrically interconnected with the central segments in the other rows. A guard plane of conductive metal insulated from the impedance or resistance surface is also provided.
摘要翻译：多边形阻抗或电阻表面的边缘终端通过多边形顶点处的电连接提供流向和/或从表面流向的电流的线性化。边缘终端由在多边形表面的每个边缘处重叠，镶嵌或印刷的一系列平行排列或连续的段构成，最内行或等级是短直段和下一个最内行的每个段的长度，分别较长。每行或等级的中央段与其他行中的中央段电互连。还提供了与阻抗或电阻表面绝缘的导电金属的保护平面。

6. 发明授权

US4353552A Touch panel system and method 失效
标题翻译：触摸屏系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4353552A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-12
申请号：US116502
申请日：1980-01-29
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： A63F9/00 , A63F13/06 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G10H1/055 , A63F9/22
CPC分类号： A63F13/214 , A63F13/06 , G06F3/045 , G10H1/0558 , A63F13/218 , A63F2009/0004 , A63F2300/1068 , A63F2300/8047 , G06F2203/04113
摘要： A general method is disclosed for accurately determining the location or position of a source or sink of electric current on the surface of a resistance element or impedance layer. Touch panels are described that detect the presence of a user's finger on such surface, and produce output signals corresponding to the position of the finger in one or more axes. A preferred embodiment discloses a touch panel that includes a signal generator and determines the position of the user's finger from current flowing through the user's body to ground. Another touch panel embodiment determines the position of the user's finger from currents caused by ambient electrical noise. A pressure-sensitive touch panel, a transparent touch panel for use with a video display, a touch-panel-controlled audio mixer, and a video game incorporating touch panels are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于精确地确定电阻元件或阻抗层表面上的电流源或信宿的位置或位置的通用方法。描述了触摸面板，其检测在这种表面上存在用户的手指，并且产生与手指在一个或多个轴中的位置相对应的输出信号。优选实施例公开了一种触摸面板，其包括信号发生器并且确定用户手指从当前流经用户身体到地面的位置。另一触摸屏实施例确定用户手指从环境电噪声引起的电流的位置。还公开了压敏触摸面板，用于视频显示器的透明触摸面板，触摸面板控制的音频混合器和结合触摸面板的视频游戏。

7. 发明授权

US4198539A System for producing electric field with predetermined characteristics and edge terminations for resistance planes therefor 失效
标题翻译：用于产生具有预定特性的电场的系统和用于其的电阻平面的边缘终端
公开(公告)号：US4198539A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-15
申请号：US867256
申请日：1978-01-05
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , A63F2300/1037 , G06F2203/04113
摘要： A system is described for coupling two voltage sources to a resistive plane, surface or layer so as to produce a uniform electric field in said plane with orthogonal components along the two axes of the plane generated by the two voltage sources so that coordinates of position of a digit or finger in the field may be determined. Techniques are described for fabricating both the plane and the coupling elements from the same resistive material. It is also shown how nonlinear electric fields can be created while preserving orthogonality. Three-dimensional fields of predetermined characteristics can be created by extending the techniques to curved surfaces and by using multiple surfaces.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于将两个电压源耦合到电阻平面，表面或层的系统，以便在所述平面中产生沿着由两个电压源产生的平面的两个轴线的正交分量的均匀电场，使得坐标位置可以确定场中的数字或手指。描述了从同一电阻材料制造平面和耦合元件的技术。还显示了如何在保持正交性的同时创建非线性电场。可以通过将技术扩展到弯曲表面并通过使用多个表面来产生预定特征的三维场。

8. 发明授权

US4302011A Video game apparatus and method 失效
标题翻译：视频游戏装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US4302011A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-24
申请号：US873568
申请日：1978-01-30
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： A63F13/06 , G06F3/033 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , A63F9/00
CPC分类号： A63F13/214 , A63F13/06 , A63F13/426 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , A63F2300/1037 , A63F2300/1068 , G06F2203/04113
摘要： A video game apparatus and method in which two-axis output signals are produced when a surface activated with X-Y excitation signals is touched by the human finger. The control surface has a configuration corresponding to the play area on the video display. The device has the ability to sense the presence or absence of the user's finger, as well as intensity of touch or pressure, thus adding further dimensions of control since the presence of the user's finger on the control surface can be used to activate the video display and present the user's playing implement, if that be the case, on the screen wherever it is touched to introduce a further element of surprise and excitement into the playing of video games.
摘要翻译：当用人的手指触摸用X-Y激发信号激活的表面时，产生双轴输出信号的视频游戏装置和方法。控制面具有对应于视频显示器上的播放区域的配置。该装置能够感测用户手指的存在或不存在以及触摸或压力的强度，从而增加了进一步的控制尺寸，因为用户的手指在控制表面上的存在可以用于激活视频显示并提出用户的播放工具，如果是这样，在屏幕上触摸的任何地方，引入另一个惊喜和兴奋的元素，玩视频游戏。

9. 发明授权

US4129747A Human-machine interface apparatus 失效
标题翻译：人机界面装置
公开(公告)号：US4129747A
公开(公告)日：1978-12-12
申请号：US850741
申请日：1977-11-11
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F3/041 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/041 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , A63F2300/1037 , A63F2300/1068
摘要： A human-machine interface apparatus includes a first, or phase, surface with associated circuitry so devised that an alternating electrical field is created above the surface with its phase, relative to a fixed point on the surface, changing continuously along an axis of the surface; a second, or pickup, surface located so that when the operator of the interface apparatus inserts a finger in the field an electrical signal with phase corresponding to the point of insertion is transmitted through the operator's body to the pickup surface; and a phase discriminator with one input connected to the pickup surface and a reference input connected to an alternating voltage source of predetermined phase relationship to the alternating electrical field at a fixed point on the phase surface. The preferred embodiment combines two such apparatuses, sharing common phase and pickup surfaces but operating at different frequencies, to provide outputs corresponding to two orthogonal axes on the phase surface. The phase surface in the preferred embodiment is a square resistive layer on a non-conductive substrate, and the change in phase with position is produced by applying a signal of one frequency to one edge of the square and a signal of the same frequency but different phase to the opposite edge, the remaining two ecdges similarly being supplied with signals of a second frequency. A level detector provides a third axis output indicating the presence of the operator's finger in the field. An alternate embodiment uses a sandwich construction of the phase surface to provide the phase shift, with an insulating layer separating a resistive surface layer from a conductive ground plane to provide distributed capacitance and resistance that progressively shift the phase of an applied signal as it travels along the surface. Another embodiment uses multiplexing to measure position in two axes with a single applied frequency and a single phase discriminator.
摘要翻译：人机界面装置包括具有相关联电路的第一或相位表面，所述相关电路设计成使得相对于表面上的固定点在表面上方产生交变电场，其相位相对于表面的轴线连续变化 ; 第二或拾取表面，使得当接口装置的操作者在现场插入手指时，具有与插入点相对应的相位的电信号通过操作者身体传输到拾取表面; 以及相位鉴别器，其中一个输入连接到拾取表面，参考输入端连接到相位表面上固定点处与交变电场的预定相位关系的交流电压源。优选实施例组合了两个这样的装置，共享公共相位和拾取表面，但是在不同频率下操作，以提供对应于相表面上的两个正交轴的输出。在优选实施例中的相表面是非导电衬底上的方形电阻层，并且通过将一个频率的信号施加到平方的一个边缘并且具有相同频率但不同的信号来产生与位置的相位变化相位到相对边缘，其余两个电场类似地被提供有第二频率的信号。电平检测器提供指示操作者的手指在现场的存在的第三轴输出。替代实施例使用相位面的夹层结构来提供相移，其中绝缘层将电阻表面层与导电接地平面分开，以提供分布的电容和电阻，其随着其沿着行进逐渐移位所施加的信号的相位表面。另一个实施例使用多路复用来测量具有单个施加频率的两个轴的位置和单个相位鉴别器。

10. 发明授权

US4071691A Human-machine interface apparatus 失效
标题翻译：人机界面装置
公开(公告)号：US4071691A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-31
申请号：US717192
申请日：1976-08-24
申请人： William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F3/033 , G06F3/041 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , G08C21/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/041 , G06F3/045 , G06F3/046 , A63F2300/1037 , A63F2300/1068
摘要： A human-machine interface apparatus includes a first, or phase, surface with associated circuitry so devised that an alternating electrical field is created above the surface with its phase, relative to a fixed point on the surface, changing continuously along an axis of the surface; a second, or pickup, surface located so that when the operator of the interface apparatus touches the phase surface an electrical signal with phase corresponding to the spot touched is transmitted through the operator's body to the pickup surface; and a phase discriminator with one input connected to the pickup surface and a reference input connected to an alternating voltage source of predetermined phase relationship to the alternating electrical field at a fixed point on the phase surface. The preferred embodiment combines two such apparatuses, sharing common phase and pickup surfaces but operating at different frequencies, to provide outputs corresponding to two orthogonal axes on the phase surface. The phase surface in the preferred embodiment is a square resistive layer on a nonconductive substrate, and the change in phase with position is produced by applying a signal of one frequency to one edge of the square and a signal of the same frequency but different phase to the opposite edge, the remaining two edges similarly being supplied with signals of a second frequency. A level detector provides a third axis output indicating the presence of the operator's finger on the plane. An alternate embodiment uses a sandwich construction of the phase surface to provide the phase shift, with an insulating layer separating a resistive surface layer from a conductive ground plane to provide distributed capacitance and resistance that progressively shift the phase of an applied signal as it travels along the surface. Another embodiment uses multiplexing to measure position in two axes with a single applied frequency and a single phase discriminator.
摘要翻译：人机界面装置包括具有相关联电路的第一或相位表面，所述相关电路设计成使得相对于表面上的固定点在表面上方产生交变电场，其相位相对于表面的轴线连续变化 ; 第二或拾取表面，使得当接口装置的操作者接触相位面时，与触摸的点对应的相位的电信号通过操作者的身体传输到拾取表面; 以及相位鉴别器，其中一个输入连接到拾取表面，参考输入端连接到相位表面上固定点处与交变电场的预定相位关系的交流电压源。优选实施例组合了两个这样的装置，共享公共相位和拾取表面，但是在不同频率下操作，以提供对应于相表面上的两个正交轴的输出。在优选实施例中的相表面是非导电衬底上的方形电阻层，并且通过将一个频率的信号施加到平方的一个边缘并且具有相同频率但不同相位的信号而产生相位与位置的变化相对边缘，其余两个边缘同样被提供有第二频率的信号。电平检测器提供指示操作者的手指在平面上的存在的第三轴输出。替代实施例使用相位面的夹层结构来提供相移，其中绝缘层将电阻表面层与导电接地平面分开，以提供分布的电容和电阻，其随着其沿着行进逐渐移位所施加的信号的相位表面。另一个实施例使用多路复用来测量具有单个施加频率的两个轴的位置和单个相位鉴别器。

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